Digital Commons Network^™

Development Of An Expert System For New Zealand Seasonal-Supply Dairy Farmers, D I. Gray, G A. Lynch, E G. Todd, J C. Lockhart, W J. Parker

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The mechod for developing an expert system for the drying-off decision on seasonal-supply dairy farms is described. The decision-making process ' of 4 expert seasonal-supply dairy farmers and the consultancy process used by 2 New Zealand Dairy Board Consulting Officers were identified in a series e>f interviews. This information ,was used to develop 2 models; one of expertise and the other of user requirements. These models form the basis of an expert system to improve the decision-making ability of. New Zealand seasonal-supply dairy farmers.

Rehabilitation On Public Rangelands In Idaho, Usa: A Change In Emphasis From Grass Monocultures, Mike Pellant, Stephen B. Monsen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Since the 1940s the Bureau of Land Management has reseeded 485 830 ha of public rangelands in southern Idaho. Introduced wheatgrasses were seeded on most rehabilitation projects, often resulting in monoculture plant communities. Introduced wheatgrasses were relatively inexpensive to seed, established well, excluded weedy annuals and provided additional livestock forage. Concern about extensive shrubland losses after wildfires prompted BLM managers to begin reseeding native shrubs in the early 1980s. Use of different herbaceous plants on rehabilitation projects is increasing. Seed mixtures now include up to 10 species (grass, forb and shrubs) that, when established, meet multiple use resource objectives.

Micro-Computer Version Of The Database On Feed Commodities Derived From Pastures And Green Crops, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The subunit of the national feed database devoted specifically to feeds derived from grasslands and green crops is presented. This collection of chemical and nutritional data is the result of 20 years of data collection from analyses conducted from 62 laboratories Australia-wide, The data entries are classified according to each Australian state and laboratory which provided the analytical and nutritional characteristics of fodder. Each entry is classified according to the International Feed Numbering (IFN) system as maintained by the International Network of Feed Information Centres (INFIC), The data in the collection as presented in the paper are an integral part …

A Computer Model For Determining When To Start Spring Grazing, Dennis R. Buckmaster, Warren J. Parker

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A simple computer model is presented for determining the earliest grazing date after winter freezing. The model also illustrates principles of rotational grazing management and projects when forage should be conserved during the spring. Inputs to the model include initial herbage cover, herbage growth rate, herbage quality, a post•grazing residual dry matter target, a harvest set•aside threshold, and a description of the grazing animals.

Comparison Of Methods For Assessing Productivity Of Native Pastures In Queensland, K A. Day, G M. Mckeon, D M. Orr

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The relationship between seasonal climatic conditions and observed seasonal pasture growth was examined for 3 native pasture sites in south-east Queensland for periods of up to 5 years. Nine indices of seasonal climatic conditions were considered. Across sites, between year differences in observed growth were best accounted for by the average daily ratio of calculated transpiration and vapour pressure deficit, This index accounted for 83% of the between year variation in observed growl h.

Application Of Neural Networks To The Extraction Of Various Types Of Grasslands In Japan Using Landsat Thematic Mapper Data, Mikinori Tsuiki, Shigeo Takahashi, Toshiki Oku

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A neural network was applied to the extraction of various types of grasslands using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Training fields contained 12 classes (water, paddy field, farmland, sands and rocks, urban area, coniferous forest, deciduous forest, golf course, Sasa­type grassland, Miscanthus type grassland, meadow before culling and meadow after cutting). Classification performance using the neural network was 99.4%, which was 2.4% higher than that obtained using the maximum likelihood method. For all types of grasslands, classification performance was 99.8%. The results of the classification area obtained using the neural network and the maximum likelihood method resembled each other. …

Use Of A Simple Model Of Continuous And Rotational Grazing To Compare Herbage Consumption, Simon J.R Woodward, G `C Wake, D G. Mccall, A B. Pleasants

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A simple mathematical model (a linear dynamical system) was constructed to predict herbage consumption by grazing animals. This model was used to compare 3 grazing methods over a range of stocking rates at low pasture mass. The grazing methods compared were: continuous grazing (CTS), rotational grazing with equal time intervals (BQ), and rotational grazing where the time of shift was optimal for maximising intake (OPT). The rotational methods were the simplest possible, the land being subdivided into 2 fields, each of which was grazed once. The order of grazing the fields was also considered. The model predicts (I) that at …

Pasture Plant Identification In The Western Queensland Arid Zone, J A. Milson, I F. Beale, J A. Reynolds, J J. Bushwell, D Phelps

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Since plant species composition is an important indicator of the health or condition of pastures and therefore the land, a first step for graziers interested in conserving the total range resource is to understand vegetation species and thus be able to identify them and to recognise species changes. This project is aimed at producing and distributing colour leaflets of the major native and problem plant species (including woody weeds) in the four major community types in western Queensland. The number of colour leaflels for the series totals 60. The number of species represented is about 230. These leaflets are dislributed …

Farm Monitoring, A Way To Improve Performance On Sheep And Beef Farms, R W. Webby, G W. Sheath

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A programme that centres on monitoring the performance of sheep and beef farms is being used to encourage farmers to make decisions based on objective measurements, Monitor farmers are supported by their farming peers in groups that include extension and science personnel. Key biological performance indicators such as animal numbers, weights; weight gains, pasture production; and financial returns from meat and wool are monitored. Farmers are encouraged to be in a position to use this information and identify opportunities. Processors of sheep and beef products are demanding the production of livestock to tighter specifications. Close monitoring by farmers will be …

Use Of A Model To Investigate The Profitability Of Fertilizer Application, T.J M. Johnston, D G. Mccall, P R. Marshall

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Use of a model to investigate the payback to alternative phosphate (P) fertiliser programmes is described. Input for the model is fertiliser history (kg P/ho/year) over 5-15 years. A site fertility index is established by summing discounted P applications. The index is related to relative pasture yield (annual yield/non P limited yield) for a soil type. The economics of P use are evaluated by scaling current gross margin/ha for changes in relative pasture yield and subtracting fertiliser costs. The model provides the decision maker with yearly cashflow information and a I 0-year net present value (NPV) analysis of the relative …

Forest Defoliation By And Invasive Outbreak Insect: Catastrophic Consequences For A Charismatic Mega Moth, Richard L. Lindroth, Mark R. Zierden, Clay J. Morrow, Patricia C. Fernandez

Aspen Bibliography

Earth is now experiencing declines in insect abundance and diversity unparalleled in human history. The drivers underlying those declines are many, complex, and incompletely known. Here, using a natural experiment, we report the first test of the hypothesis that forest defoliation by an invasive outbreak insect compromises the fitness of a native insect via damage-induced increases in toxicity of the forest canopy. We demonstrate that defoliation by the invasive spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) elicits an average 8.4-fold increase in foliar defense expression among aspen (Populus tremuloides) genotypes. In turn, elevated defense dramatically reduces survivorship, feeding, and …

Association Mapping Of Important Agronomic Traits In Mucuna Pruriens (L.) Dc., Patrush Lepcha, Mahesh Shekhar, Leelambika Murugesan, Mahammad Jaheer, Ratan Chopra, Vikas Belamkar, Narayana Sathyanarayana

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background The tropical legume Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. can meet three agricultural needs: low-cost protein, highvalue medicines, and green manure or cover crops. But like other underutilized crops, it needs more modern breeding resources. Identifying marker-trait associations (MTAs) can facilitate marker-assisted breeding and crop improvement. Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of identifying MTAs using a small number of accessions (< 100). We have characterized a panel of 70 M. pruriens accessions across two consecutive years and performed association analysis for 16 phenotypic traits related to seed (seed length, seed width, seed thickness, seed yield per plant, hundred seed weight); pod (pod length, pod width, number of pods …

Living Collections: Biodiversity Cultivated At Public Gardens Has The Power To Connect Ecological Questions And Evolutionary Context, Jean H. Burns, Katharine L. Stuble, Juliana S. Medeiros

Faculty Scholarship

Combining ecological questions with evolutionary context generates novel insight into both ecology and evolution. However, our ability to draw broad inferences can be limited by the taxonomic diversity present within and across species at a site. Public gardens (including botanical gardens and arboreta) may focus solely on aesthetics in developing their gardens, but some public gardens include scientific inquiry and conservation at the core of their missions (Hohn, 2022). These scientifically oriented public gardens follow community standards of excellence (Hohn, 2022) to provide unique access to curated plant collections specifically designed to gather high levels of biodiversity, both among and …

Simulating The Long-Term Response Of Forest Succession To Climate Change In The Boreal Forest Of Northern Ontario, Canada, Guy R. Larocque, F. Wayne Bell, Eric B. Searle, Stephen J. Mayor, Thomas Schiks, Parvin Kalantari

Aspen Bibliography

The effect of climate change on forest dynamics is likely to increase in importance in the forthcoming decades. For this reason, it is essential to predict the extent to which changes in temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO₂ might affect the development of forest ecosystems and successional pathways. The gap model ZELIG-CFS was used to simulate the potential long-term effects of climate change on species-specific annual change in mean basal area and stand density under two scenarios of representative concentration pathways (RCP), 4.5 and 8.5, for the boreal forest region of Ontario, Canada, where mean temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO …

What Is The Best Fit For Electric Weed Control In Australia?, Miranda J. Slaven, Catherine Borger

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Electric weed control is a non-chemical weed management alternative that will apply to a range of agricultural systems. The current project assessed electric weed control via the continuous electrode-plant contact method (using a Zasso™ XPower).

A wide range of field trials in 2022 and 2023 investigated weed control efficiency, suitability of electric weed control for fence line control of glyphosate-resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.), use for crop topping, fire risk, damage to the soil biota, or use for inter-row weed control in vineyards or lupin crops. Broadleaf weeds were controlled more effectively than grass weeds with electric weed …

Quality And Resistance Optimization Of Banana (Musa Acuminata L.) Vegetative Seeds Through The Addition Of Indole Butyric Acid With Biological Agents Induction Against Fusarium Wilt Disease Intensity, Erfan Dani Septia, Aulia Zakia, Agus Zainudin, Maftuchah, Abdul Gofur, Yudantara Ekanaradhipa Abbabiel

Jurnal Kultivasi

Banana plants are a vital agricultural commodity in Indonesia, but Fusarium wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum) significantly hampers production. This research aims to improve the quality and resilience of vegetative banana seedlings by selecting superior seedlings and vegetative propagation techniques such as budding, shoot cutting, and tissue culture management. The research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial with a combination of two factors, namely the addition of IBA and biological agents, with nine treatment combinations and three replications. IBA treatment significantly affected the initial emergence of shoots and leaf area, with the best result from treatment Z2 (IBA concentration …

Morphological Characterization, Seed Production, And Oil Content Of Several Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus (D.C.) Stapf.) Line, Adi Setiadi, Cheppy Syukur, Idam Holid, Lindiana

Jurnal Kultivasi

Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as lemongrass, is a perennial herb widely cultivated for its culinary, medicinal, and aromatic industries. This research investigates the morphological characterization and potential yield of different lemongrass lines. The study involved the collection of diverse lemongrass genotypes from various geographic regions in Indonesia. The research was conducted using a randomized block design with three replications. Morphological character observations encompass both quantitative and qualitative characters of plants. Morphological characteristics such as plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter, and number of tillers were measured to assess the variations among the genotypes. The results revealed considerable variability …

Microbial Phosphate Solubilization Mechanisms In P Solubilizing In Andisol, Agustina Erlinda Marpaung, Tengku Sabrina, Abdul Rauf, Dwi Ningsih Susilowati, Luthfi Aziz Mahmud Siregar

Jurnal Kultivasi

Phosphate (P) nutrient plays a significant role in plant growth and yield. P is an essential element that plays an important role in photosynthesis and root development. Phosphate nutrient availability is deficient in some soil types due to retention, such as in Andisol soil types. High phosphate retention in Andisol soil types causes P nutrients to be unavailable to plants and can reduce crop yields. The availability of P in Andisol soils can be done, among others, by applying phosphate solubilizing microbes. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms are soil microorganisms consisting of bacteria and fungi that can mineralize organic P, dissolve inorganic …

Chinese Tallow Long-Term Impact On Stand Dynamics In A Bottomland Hardwood Forest Following Vegetation Management, Nicklaus R. Langlois

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera (L.) Small) is an invasive tree known to have negative impacts on bottomland hardwood forests. Chinese tallow is proficient in reproducing and surviving in bottomland hardwood forests because it is more flood and shade tolerant than most native trees. The long-term effectiveness of Chinese tallow control is an important topic to research as only a few long-term studies of Chinese tallow control have been conducted. A 10-year re-measurement of 22 paired plots installed in 2012 on the Pineywoods Mitigation Bank near Diboll, Texas following herbicide treatments examined Chinese tallow and native tree stand structure. Each …

The Effect Of Various Doses Of Gamma Ray Irradiation On Growth And Chlorophyll Changes Of Three Adlay Genotypes, Warid Ali Qosim, Anas, Suseno Amien, Meddy Rachmadi, Sidik Ramdani, Romi Zamhir Islami

Jurnal Kultivasi

Adlay has great potential to be developed into an alternative food source in Indonesia because it contains carbohydrates and high fat. The aim was to effect of various doses of gamma-ray irradiation on growth,chlorophyll changes, and determination of lethal dose (LD50) three adlay genotypes in M1 generation. This study was conducted by using the experimental quantitative method without design. The material used consists of three adlay genotypes, including genotypes #28, #37, and #38. The seeds were treated with 0 Gy (control), 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, and 500 Gy doses of gamma-ray irradiation by the Research Center …

Evaluation Of Padjadjaran Maize Hybrids In Intercropping System With Soybeans Under Albasia Shade, Yuyun Yuwariah, Audi Razaqa Soendajana, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Dedi Ruswandi

Jurnal Kultivasi

Intercropping between maize and soybean has been known to be widely practiced by subsistence farmers. Some farmers do intercropping in production forests and there are no scientific data about it. The aims of the study were to evaluate the growth and yield of Padjadjaran maize hybrids and to estimate Land Equivalent Ratio, Competitive Ratio, and Stress Tolerance Index under intercropping of maize and soybeans under the shade of Albasia. The experiment was carried out from January to June 2021 in Tanjungsari, Sumedang Regency with an altitude of 818 m above sea level. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) …

Effect Of Biochar Composition And Paclobutrazol Concentration On Growth And Yield Of G1 Medians Cultivar Potato Seeds In Jatinangor Medium Plain, Jajang Sauman Hamdani, Zahira Salsabilla Idris Putri, Wawan Sutari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Potato seed production in the medium plain is necessary to avoid environmental damage and the limited area of potato seed production in the high plain. The effort to increase the production of G1 potato seeds on the medium plain is the evaluation of the biochar composition and concentration of paclobutrazol that can increase the production G1 potato seeds cv Medians in the medium plain of Jatinangor. The research was conducted from August to December 2022 at the Ciparanje Experimental Field. Jatinangor. Faculty of Agriculture. Universitas Padjadjaran. The experiment used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor was the …

Aquaponics Experiment For Njit Stem For Success, Christopher Tava

STEM Month

As a member of STEM for Success, I was responsible for constructing and promoting a functioning aquaponics system for the benefit of fifth grade students. With the help of NJIT funding, I was able to design, rapid prototype, and then implement a sustainable aquaponics system that was able to grow lettuce, tomatoes, and kale. Multiple challenges in the design process led to changes, further research, and the implementation of new solutions, as described in detail. Using the aquaponics knowledge gained from the experimental phase, I then led community outreach to elementary schools in my local area. Aquaponics possesses a variety …

Growth Response Of Tomatoes To Application Of Bacterial-Coated Npk Fertilizer In A Pot Experiment, Reginawanti Hindersah, Ruhnayati Kaffah, Ayu Siti Aisyah, Mieke Rochimi Setiawati, Mahfud Arifin

Jurnal Kultivasi

Nitrogen-fixer and phosphate-solubilizer bacteria increase the chemical-fertilizer efficiency and soil health. Bacterial-coated NPK fertilizer is a novel approach for intensifying biofertilizer application in vegetable production. The study aimed to observe the compatibility between two Azotobacter species and two Bacillus species, their population on two formulations of bacterial-coated NPK fertilizer (BCN), and the effect of BCN dose on growth, N and P content, and their uptake in tomato shoots. The compatibility test was performed using the streak method. The population of Azotobacter and Bacillus were counted for two formulations of NPK fertilizer coated by solid biofertilizer (5% and 10%) and zeolite …

Growth Improvement Of Immature Quinine By Applying Coffee Husk Compost And Biofertilizer, Yudithia Maxiselly, Dinda Rachmatis Sa'adah, Mira Ariyanti, Muhammad Khais Prayoga, Heri Syahrian Khomaeni

Jurnal Kultivasi

The growth of immature Cinchona ledgeriana can be optimized by applying fertilizers to fill the nutritional needs of plants. Nutrients can be provided through the help of microorganisms derived from organic fertilizers and biofertilizers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of applying coffee husk compost and biofertilizer consortium on the growth of immature quinine plants. This research was conducted from November 2023 – January 2024 at Gambung Tea and Cinchona Research Center, Pasir Jambu District, Bandung Regency, West Java. The research used a randomized block design with four replications and six treatments, namely control (Urea 17 g.plant-1 + SP36 …

Effect Of Chemical And Mechanical Weed Control On Weed Seed Banks In Rice Field, Uum Umiyati, Dedi Widayat, Yani Maharani

Jurnal Kultivasi

Weed control is essential for ensuring the diversity of weeds on agricultural land. A study was conducted in rice fields in Subang and Cianjur districts, where 24 fields were observed to have varying weed management approaches. The research employed descriptive methods, including surveys to identify weed types and destructive methods to analyze weed seed banks at different depths. The descriptive methods included surveys to identify weed types and destructive methods to analyze weed seed banks at different depths. Each district contained twelve rice fields that reflected diverse environmental conditions and weed control techniques, yet shared a similar age range of …

Genetic Parameters Of Yield Component And Yield In M1 Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Generation Irradiated With Gamma-Ray, Agus Riyanto, Eka Oktaviani, Nur Kholida Wulansari, Totok Agung Dwi Haryanto

Jurnal Kultivasi

High-yielding varieties are the primary determinant of the success of increasing Indonesia's rice production. Plant breeding for new high-yielding varieties is possible through mutation induction and selecting desired traits. The effectiveness and efficiency of selection require comprehensive genetic parameters. This study aimed to study the genetic diversity, heritability, genetic advance, and relationship between yield components and yield in the M1 generation of mutant rice irradiated with gamma ray. This research used a factorial randomized complete block design, involving gamma irradiation doses of 100 Gy, 150 Gy, and 200 Gy, as the first factor; and the second factor was the rice …

Effects Of Cutting Management On Herbage Production And Tiller Population In Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus Inermis Leyss), J X. Xia, J Hodgson, A.C P. Chu, P Wang, F Y. Liu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper reports the results of an experiment with smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) under cutting management at Beijing Agricultural University, China from June-October 1989. The main treatments were cutting intervals (l month v. 2 months) and cutting height (10 cm v. 30 cm) with 2 additional treatments (uncut control, and delayed first cut) and 4 replications. Frequent cutting decreased tiller population density, herbage accumulation and underground biomass. Tiller populations were greater under lax than hard cutting, though closer cutting resulted in greater green herbage accumulation. Delaying cutting until flowering was completed resulted in a subsequent depression in herbage …

Relative Productivity And Persistense Of White Clover Cultivars Under Cutting Or Continuous Stocking By Sheep, D A. Davies, M Fothergill

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Perennial ryegrass-white clover (Lolium perenne-Trlfollium repens) swards of 3 clover cultivars were studied at a lowland (30 m) and upland (340 m) site in mid Wales over 3 years (1989-91). Lamb production from small-leaved Aberystwyth S 184 at 1021 kg/ha was 25% and 1191, more than from small-leaved Ac3351 and medium-leaved Grasslands Huia respectively. The relative lamb output from Huia was poorer at the upland location. Clover production, survival and morphology under a number of cutting heights and frequencies were different from those in the continuously stocked pastures. Cutting every 10 days at 2-3 cm resulted in poor clover and …

Morphological Changes In Three Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) Cultivars Under Continuous Stocking, M Fothergill, D A. Davies

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Individual plant morphology of 3 white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars was studied during 1990 and 1991. Seasonal shifts were demonstrated by all cultivars towards a higher proportion of less complex plants from winter to mid summer. Over the latter half of the year the population tended lo return towards its original distribution. Seasonal fluctuations in stolon dry weight/plant and root number/plant were also identified, with the small-leaved Ac3351 maintaining a greater stolon OW/plant than Aberystwyth S184 and Grasslands Huia during 1990. Ac3351 and S184 also maintained a larger root number/plant over this period. However, no significant differences were detected …