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Application Of Dairy Manure On Alfalfa, Stephen J. Herbert, Jayarm Daliparthy, P L.M Veneman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Applying dairy manure to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as ,in alternative 10 excess application to· corn (Zea mays L.) may reduce nitrate pollution of groundwater. Field experiments were conducted at 2 sites in Massachusetts, USA, lo study the impact or dairy manure application to alfalfa on forage yield, weed infestation· and nitrate movement. Treatments were an unfertilized (no N) check.· plot, low and high manure (112 and 336 kg N/ha/year equivalerit), and low and high N fertiliser (112 and 336 kg N/ha/year from NH4NO3),'. Liquid dairy manure was applied 10 • alfalfa immediately· after 1st· cutting during spring …

Preparing For The Worst: Enhancing Seedling Traits To Reduce Transplant Shock In Semi-Arid Regions, Douglas Evan Mainhart, Bradley O. Christoffersen, R. Alexander Thompson, Charlotte M. Reemts, Alejandro Fierro-Cabo

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences Faculty Publications

The spatial extent of semi-arid hot regions is forecasted to grow through the twenty-first century, complicating restoration and reforestation plans. In arid and semi-arid climates, seedlings are more susceptible to transplant shock due to lower soil moisture throughout the year. Determining strategies to reduce seedling stress and improve survival post-planting will be paramount to continued reforestation efforts in a changing climate. We quantified seedling physiological, morphological, and field performance (mortality and growth) response for five species native to the semi-arid region of South Texas (Erythrina herbacea L., Celtis pallida Torr., Fraxinus berlandieriana DC, Malpighia glabra L., and Citharexylum berlandieri B.L …

Buzzworthy Messaging: Assessing Residents’ Perceptions Of Labels To Better Promote Pollinator Gardening, Colby J. Silvert, Laura A. Warner, Cody Gusto, John M. Diaz, Rachel E. Mallinger

Journal of Extension

Consumers appear more likely to purchase plants with labeling indicating pollinator-friendly production or high pollinator resource value. No standardized label for pollinator-supporting plants or landscape practices exists in the United States, which has proliferated the variety of labels used by the industry. This mixed-methods study aims to provide insight into residents’ preferred pollinator-related labelling for plants and landscape practices in order to help Extension professionals and green industry stakeholders improve outreach, marketing, and communications efforts. Findings suggest a butterfly-friendly label would be most effective for marketing while residents would accept and favorably perceive labels emphasizing either pollinator-friendly or bee-friendly attributes.

Nursery Cultural Practices Influence Morphological And Physiological Aspen Seedling Traits: Implications For Post-Fire Restoration, Aalap Dixit, Owen Burney

Aspen Bibliography

Aspen forests are threatened by the impacts of a changing climate and are showing large-scale mortality with meager natural regeneration to restore these loses. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for high-quality aspen seedlings to assist with forest restoration efforts. Nursery cultural practices can be used to alter aspen seedling traits to improve adaptability to dry planting conditions. In this study, the effects of container size (SC10 and D30; 158 and 590 mL, respectively) and nursery irrigation treatment (high and low irrigation; 90% and 70% container capacity, respectively) on seedling growth and a suite of morphological and physiological traits were …

Leaf Anatomy, Morphology, And Water Potential Of Ipomoea Brasiliensis, Croton Punctatus, And Hydrocotyle Bonariensis Growing On The Dunes Of Sapelo Island, Georgia, Thomas E. Hancock, Joseph Watson, Micah Burks

Georgia Journal of Science

Barrier islands are a common geological feature found along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States. Researchers have historically described barrier islands, and in particular dune habitats, as being physically controlled. Dune plant species experience high surface temperatures, low water-holding capacity of the substrate, sand movement, salt aerosols, high solar irradiance, and saltwater overwash. In this study, we investigated characteristics of three common plant species growing on the dunes of Sapelo Island, Georgia to understand how they survive and apparently thrive in the harsh, transient, and dynamic environment. Specifically, we examined leaf size, leaf thickness, stomatal frequency, internal …

Exploring The Multifunctional Landscapes Model In Areas Dominated By Non-Native Tree Plantations, Andrea Monica D. Ortiz, Eugenia M. Gayó, Noelia Carrasco Henríquez, Bárbara Jerez Henríquez, Aníbal Pauchard

SOSE Affiliate: Manila Observatory

Multifunctional landscapes offer an integrated approach to production, conservation, and human well-being. However, the challenges of implementing them in territories where plantations dominate are yet not well understood. This is the case in Chile, where plantations of non-native pines and eucalypts are extensively planted in its South-Central regions for timber and pulp. The resulting landscape homogenization, environmental degradation, and increased wildfire risk have caused and exacerbated conflicts, impacting biodiversity and the well-being of local communities and the Indigenous Mapuche Peoples. After the mega-wildfires in the region in 2023, science-policy discourse promoted the multifunctional landscapes model as a way to increase …

Blackleg And Its Management In Canola, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Blackleg, caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, is the most common and serious disease of canola in Western Australia (WA). Blackleg can cause significant damage by infecting the cotyledons or first leaves early in the season, leading ultimately to crown lesions or cankers later in the season.

Changes in variety choice, crop rotation, earlier sowing times, and stubble retention have extended the risk of blackleg disease. Because of early emergence, later stages of crop growth are more likely to be exposed and infection can occur on all parts of the plant above ground, including canola flowers, stems, and branches (this …

Root Lesion And Burrowing Nematodes And Their Management, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Nematodes are common soil pests that feed on the roots of a wide range of crops in all agricultural areas of Western Australia, resulting in significant crop yield loss. Root lesion nematode can be managed but not eradicated.

This factsheet summarises the biology of the root lesion nematode (RLN, Pratylenchus spp.) and burrowing nematode (Radopholus spp.) species that damage Western Australian (WA) crops, and their diagnosis and management.

Roly Poly And Its Management, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Roly poly, also known as prickly saltwort or tumbleweed (Salsola australis), is a native species found throughout Australia. The dead plants can break off at ground level, forming the ‘tumbleweeds’ seen in movies.

Like most summer weeds, roly poly uses soil moisture and nutrients that would otherwise be available to the following crop. The time taken to clear uncontrolled plants can delay seeding.

Livestock will graze the young plants; however, they will not eat the mature plants and are injured by the prickly leaves.

Visualizing Embryogenesis In The Seed, Janlo M. Robil, Dechang Cao

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Growing Oaten Hay On Frost Prone Paddocks, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Growing oaten hay on frost-prone paddocks minimises the frost risk because it is cut soon after flowering, avoiding the frost sensitive period. If severe frost damage occurs to other crops, baling them for hay may reduce economic loss.

Oats are much more tolerant than other cereals to frost events that occur during vegetative growth and flowering.

Windmill Grass And Its Management, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Windmill grass is a native species and the tenth most common summer weed species in the Western Australian (WA) grainbelt. It hosts pests and diseases and utilises stored soil moisture that would otherwise be available to the following crop.

Yellow Spot And Septoria Nodorum Blotch And Their Management In Wheat, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Leaf spot diseases affecting wheat in Western Australia (WA) are yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), septoria nodorum blotch (Parastagonospora nodorum), and septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici). They are caused by 3 different fungal pathogens but the disease symptoms and biologies are similar.

Impact from leaf spot diseases vary greatly from season to season and between locations. They are a problem in continuous wheat crops in stubble retention (no-till) farming systems. For the most effective control, an integrated disease management (IDM) approach is required.

This page outlines the symptoms, diseases spread and risk factors, yield and quality losses, and management options for …

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus And Wheat Curl Mite And Their Management, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is a seed and mite-borne virus that infects wheat, causing severe leaf symptoms and reduced yields. The symptoms and damage are more severe in wheat than other hosts, in which infection is symptomless.

Wheat streak mosaic virus can cause crop failure when widespread infection occurs in seedling wheat, particularly when a heavily WSMV-infected green bridge is not controlled before sowing an early crop, and warm temperatures favour mites.

Wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella) is the only known vector of WSMV. It can transmit the virus in its nymph and adult stages.

Doublegee And Its Management, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Doublegee is a significant weed of agriculture and causes a loss of $20 million annually over an estimated one million hectares of crops and one million hectares of pastures, in Western Australia (WA) alone.

Blue Aleurone And Its Management In Barley, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

A blue colouring in the aleurone layer of barley grain (the layer immediately below the husk) may be present in some varieties. While it is genetically controlled, it is also influenced by the conditions under which the crop is grown.

Australia is committed to supplying customers of malt, food, and feed grade barley with grain that has a white aleurone.

Armyworms And Their Management In Cereal Crops, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Armyworms are pests of cereals crops. They are frequently found along the south coast of Western Australia and occasionally in other grainbelt locations.

When barley crops are maturing in spring, large armyworm caterpillars climb plants and can chew through the stems, causing the heads to fall to the ground. Damage to wheat and oat crops occurs less frequently and is usually minor compared to damage in barley. Armyworms are seldom a serious problem in pastures.

Sclerotinia Stem Rot And Its Management In Canola, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a disease of canola that can cause significant yield losses exceeding 20% under conducive conditions. This disease occurs in all areas of the WA grainbelt.

Sclerotinia stem rot is one of the most variable and unpredictable diseases of canola, with incidence of infection varying greatly between paddocks and between years. Yield losses can be severe in years of higher moisture, cool conditions, and high humidity, which favour disease development.

This factsheet details the symptoms, disease risk and spread, yield and quality losses, and integrated disease management tactics for sclerotinia stem …

Aphid Feeding Damage And Its Management In Cereal Crops, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Adult and nymph aphids suck sap from cereal crops, with large populations, especially in winter and spring, limiting grain yield and size. This page relates to feeding damage from oat aphid (Rhopalosiphon padi) and corn aphid (Rhopalosiphon maidis) in the absence of virus, and Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia).

Fleabane And Its Management, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Flaxleaf and tall fleabane (Conyza spp.) are emerging weeds in Western Australia (WA), germinating in spring and becoming major weeds in summer. Fleabane is now considered an important weed of reduced tillage farming systems.

Historically, fleabane was primarily a weed of roadsides, particularly if the road shoulders were sprayed with glyphosate, leaving bare soil on which the fleabane could germinate and flourish.

Capeweed And Its Management, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) is a prostrate, stemless, sprawling annual herb that germinates during autumn and winter. In Western Australia (WA), competition from 7 to 90 capeweed plants per square metre in a wheat crop can reduce crop yield by 28 to 44% and net return by 25 to 76%.

Development Of A Disc Blade Cutting System For Sesame Harvesting: Determination Of Operating Criteria And Energy Requirements, Selcuk Ugurluay, Gamze Genc

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This study aimed to explore the use of rotary disc blades in cutting, since the mowing units used in sesame harvesting contain many parts, require frequent lubrication, and have vibration problems. An experimental setup with a disc blade working on a cut-mowing system based from harvesting methods of sesame plants was designed and fabricated. The most suitable cutting criteria which are blade edge types (30°-30°, 30°-Flat, 45°-45°, 45°-Flat) and disc blade diameters (150, 180, and 210 mm) were determined for shearing and disc cutting action. The lowest cutting energy was consumed by the disc blade with a 30°-wedge angle at …

Postharvest Characterization And Storage Of Fresh Katmon Fruit (Dillenia Philippinensis), Leonisa A. Artes, Amparo A. Wagan, Michelle E. Omana, Leonardo L. Tamisin Jr

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Katmon fruit has great economic potential but little is known about its postharvest behavior. This study characterized the katmon fruit after harvest so that appropriate handling may be recommended to extend its shelf life during storage or market display. Physicochemical characteristics, particularly firmness, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acids (TA), and TSS:TA ratio were evaluated during storage under room condition (22°C) and at low temperature (15°C). These characteristics were almost constant under 22°C or at 15°C for two weeks, with pH at 2.8, TSS at about 3.40°Brix, TA at 1.1 – 1.5%, and TSS:TA ratio at 3.1 – 2.04. …

The Mutual Effects Of Pinching And Promalin® On Root Architecture In Two Boxwood Species, Omer Sari, Fisun Celikel

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Boxwoods are constantly pinched to shape and form hedges, and Promalin® application is used to boost their shoot yield. Having good root development is crucial for the healthy development of plants; however, the effects of such applications on plant root development have generally been ignored in previous studies. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of applications on the root growth of two boxwood species (Buxus sempervirens L. and Buxus balearica Lam.) during the summer dormancy period. Pinching and Promalin® (0, 1 000, 2 000, and 4 000 ppm) were applied to one-year-old seedlings at three different times. Results showed …

Assessment Of Variants Of Organic-Based Rice Production Systems In Negros Occidental, Philippines, Cielo Luz C. Mondejar, Gerald E. Bello, Karla V. Canto, Chenille Kaye L. Galvan, June Nill F. Paclibar

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

A survey was conducted to determine information needs and assess variants of organic rice-based production among rice farmers in Negros Occidental, Philippines. Survey data were gathered from 199 out of 400 identified organic rice practitioners in the province, which accounts for a > 95% confidence level and 5% of margin of error. Among the respondents, only 20.1% had organic certification from third-party representatives, and 42.2% can be classified under a low-input farming system. Some (21.1%) were in transition for certification or were farmers intending to go into organic certification with third-party representatives. The remaining (16.6%) used organic inputs but were not …

Stem Rust And Its Management In Wheat, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is a foliar disease that can significantly reduce wheat yields if it occurs in early spring and is not controlled. Risk factors, management strategies (including variety choices and foliar fungicides), and yield loss from different varieties are discussed here.

In Western Australia, stem rust typically causes losses of 10 to 50% in wheat, but this can increase to 90% when it occurs in early spring and is not controlled.

Stem rust affects wheat and triticale, but barley can also be a host during summer months.Stem rust produces large, reddish-brown spore masses on both …

Quantifying Temperature Effects On Plant Development Rates And Quality Of Compact Container-Grown Pepper, Ryan W. Dickson, Sonali Padhye, Leala M. Machesney, Josh Tebow

Horticulture Faculty Publications and Presentations

The mean daily temperature effects on plant development rates and quality of compact container-grown pepper were evaluated. Compact pepper cultivars Fresh Bites Yellow and Hot Burrito were grown in greenhouses at 18 to 26 °C (Expt. 1) and 20 to 30 °C (Expt. 2) under supplemental high-pressure sodium lighting and a 16-hour photoperiod. The number of days to first open flower, to first ripe fruit, and from flower to ripe fruit were measured and the development rates calculated by taking the reciprocal (e.g., 1/day). Temperature effects were predicted by fitting a nonlinear exponential function that included the base temperature ( …

Survey Of Soilborne Pathogens Infecting Strawberry In Oxnard, California & Effect Of Planting Date And Chill Treatment On Yield Of Strawberry, Samantha Z. Simard

Master's Theses

Survey to quantify the frequency of the five main pathogens (Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae races 1 and 2, Verticillium dahliae, and Phytophthora spp.) infecting strawberry in the Oxnard growing district of California. M. phaseolina was the most prevalent pathogen detected in diseased plants in the Oxnard growing district, present in 67.6% of samples positive for at least one pathogen. F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae race 1 (35.3%), V. dahlia (8.8%), F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae race 2 (5.9%) and Phytophthora spp. (2.9%) followed at lower prevalence. Associations were found between fewer drip irrigation lines …

Near-Surface Soil Chemical Properties As Affected By Cover Crops Over Time In The Lower Mississippi River Valley, Cooper Fanning, Kristofor R. Brye, Michael B. Daniels, Trenton Roberts, Samuel B. Fernandes, Lisa Wood

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Typical row-crop agricultural practices can potentially be harmful to soil health and future sustainability. The use of cover crops (CC) as a mechanism to improve soil health on a wide scale remains underutilized. Soil health remains a major concern for the sustainability of agricultural productivity, therefore, research into CC implementation as a mean to preserve or improve soil health is warranted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CC on the soils in the eastern Arkansas portion of the Lower Mississippi River Valley (LMRV) over time for various chemical soil parameters, including pH, soil organic matter …

Tar Vine And Its Management, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

Tar vine (Boerhavia coccinea) is a common summer weed species that depletes soil moisture and nutrients, reducing the yield potential of the subsequent crop. It also acts as a green bridge for crop pests and disease.