Digital Commons Network^™

Evaluation Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Profiles In Fermented Artemisia Annua Leaf Extract, Mabitine Daniel Malo, Ohemu Adaofoyi Isaiah, Igaznda Terhemba James, Obamuwe Rebecca Joy, Ugber Erdoo Charity, Itodo Monday Christopher

Journal of Bioresource Management

This study evaluated the presence, profile and concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the fermented leaf extract of Artemisia annua, a medicinal plant widely used for its antimalarial and skin-benefiting properties. Given the plant’s increased use in Nigerian traditional medicine, this research examines how fermentation a process known to enhance bioactive compound availability may influence PAH levels, which are of concern due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects. The A. annua leaves were fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures and subsequently analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect and quantify PAHs. The analysis identified 24 distinct PAH …

Multivariate Ecological Assessment Of Flora Of Village Karri Haider, District Tank, Kp, Numan Khan, Muhammad Azeem, Muhammad Adnan Hamza, Muhammad Aleem, Arshad Rasool, Ammara Wakeel, Sehrish Sadia

Journal of Bioresource Management

Spatial and temporal patterns of vegetation change are influenced by multiple factors, including the physical environment, land-use history, prior disturbance, and initial vegetation composition. The primary aim of this study was to understand floristic vegetation features, species diversity, and the classification of plant communities in Village Karri Haider, District Tank, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Samples were collected from each transect using quadrats of 1 m × 1 m for herbs. Soil from three quadrats was mixed to make composite samples, and soil elements were quantified through laboratory analyses. Two surveys were conducted from July to December, 2023. In the first survey, …

Saffron By-Products As Underused Resources: An Ethnobotanical Survey And Phytochemical Study In The Taliouine Region, Zineb Khadfy, Rachid Mamouni, Sm Jadouali, Imane Kasimi, Hajar Atifi, Abd Elghani Tahiri, Youssef Karra

Journal of Bioresource Management

Saffron (Crocus sativus ) is a very traditional plant in Morocco, especially in the Taliouine region. Saffron stigmas are traditionally used as a food additive due to their secondary metabolites. Our study aims to assess the traditional uses of saffron by-products, generated after the harvest of saffron stigmas, by local populations of Taliouine and regions. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted with 42 local people in six communities. The survey consisted of two parts: the first part was about the demographic information of the respondents (name, age, sex, and level of education.). While the second part concerns questions that target …

Antiplasmodial Activity Of Detarium Senegalense J.F.Gmel. (Fabaceae) Stembark Ethanol Extract, Cletus Anes Ukwubile, Hananiya Hamza Milagawanda

Journal of Bioresource Management

Malaria is a persistent public health impediment in sub-Saharan Africa, necessitating an incessant search for new, effective, and low-cost antimalarial agents from medicinal plants. This study was designed to evaluate the antiplasmodial efficacy of the ethanol crude extract of the stembark of Detarium senegalense. Standard methods were employed to identify the major secondary metabolites. In vivo antiplasmodial activity of the extract in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice was carried out as per the standard suppression test. The LD₅₀ was elicited in mice using a standard procedure. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of important bioactive components such as alkaloids, flavonoids, …

Genetic Improvement Of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) For Enhancing Grain Yield And Adaptability Under Changing Climate, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Fida Hussain, Mehvish Makhdoom, Najaf Batool, Javed Ahmad, Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Minahel Shahzadi

Journal of Bioresource Management

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a fundamental major crop that serves a critical role in ensuring worldwide food availability and sustainability, particularly in developing countries such as Pakistan. Its productivity and yield stability are increasingly threatened by climate change induced stresses such as heat, drought, salinity, evolving pests and disease dynamics. These abiotic and biotic stresses disturb key biological and developmental processes, consequently leading to a decline in grain production and quality. This review synthesizes recent advances in wheat genetic improvement, focusing on breeding strategies and emerging technologies for enhancing grain yield and climate resilience. i.e., how genetic variation, …

Combined Antifungal Activity Of Secondary Metabolites From Piper Aduncum And Additive Oils Against Sclerotium Rolfsii, A Causal Agent Of Stem Rot On Patchouli Cuttings, Herwita Idris, Nurmansyah Nurmansyah, Syahrial Abdullah, Riska Riska, Tri Budiyanti, Afrizon Afrizon, Jonharnas Jonharnas, Siti Rosmanah, Taufik Hidayat, Helfi Gustia

Makara Journal of Science

This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Piper aduncum secondary metabolites along with additive oils against Sclerotium rolfsii, causing stem rot on patchouli cuttings. It was conducted in two stages—an in vitro experiment using a completely randomized design with seven treatments: P. aduncum oil, combinations of P. aduncum oil with citronella grass, lemongrass, cinnamon leaf, and cloves leaf oils, a synthetic pesticide (propineb 70%), and without essential oils. The second was carried out in vivo using a factorial completely randomized design, in which the first factor was five antifungal formulations, and the second was the spraying interval. …

Differential Gene Expression Of Ethylene Biosynthesis And Signaling Associated With Climacteric Behaviors In Indonesian Melon, Vida Rahma Latifah, Adib Fakhruddin Yusuf, Karso Suryo Putro, Dian Sartika, Anjar Tri Wibowo, Awik Puji Dyah Nurhayati, Karlia Meitha, Miftahudin Miftahudin, Budi Setiadi Daryono

Makara Journal of Science

Fruit ripening in melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a complex developmental process that is characterized by the coexistence of climacteric and non-climacteric varieties within the same species. This study characterized the ripening behavior of four local Indonesian melon cultivars (“Melona”, “GMP”, “Tacapa Gold”, and “Kinaya”) by integrating morphophysio-logical traits with transcriptional expression analysis of ethylene biosynthesis (CmACS, CmACO) and signaling (CmATH, CmEREBP) genes. The results revealed a strong agreement between the phenotypic traits and molecular regulation. “Melona” and “GMP” exhibited a strong climacteric profile, which was characterized by natural fruit abscission, sweet aroma …

Plants Introduced Into Hawaii By The Polynesians, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Poisonous And Injurious Vascular Plants Of The United States: An Introduction, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

The Campus Flora, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Medicinal Plants: An Introduction, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Grasses That Are Not Grasses, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

A List Of The Vascular Plants Of Iowa, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Harvest And Retting Method Alter The Composition Of Hemp Fiber For High Performance Concrete, Abigail Lazier, Jennifer Macadam, Srishti Banerji, Bruce Bugbee

Plants, Soils and Climate Student Research

Recently, the use of natural fibers in place of polymer fibers in high performance concrete has been explored for improved mechanical properties (including reduced spalling) and greater sustainability. This project aims to recycle biomass waste produced by the medical cannabis industry by using it in concrete. We have designed and conducted multiple studies to determine efficient methods for fiber harvest and processing from our in-house medical cannabis waste. Harvest method, (including fresh harvest and defoliation or physically induced senescence), storage condition, ( 4 C or 25 C), and processing technique, (mechanical or biological) were trialed. Additionally, we used standard forage …

High Tunnel Pollinators, Miranda L. Jones, Sheriden Hansen, Kelsey Graham, Robert Nelson Schaeffer, Brent Black

All Current Publications

High tunnels are used to extend the growing season. Unlike greenhouses, high tunnels are semi-permanent and not heated or cooled by a climate-control system. Instead, they use plastic sheeting to trap solar heat, allowing for season extension in temperate climates around spring and fall. Bee pollination can improve yields for several valuable crop species grown in high tunnels. Because high tunnels are largely enclosed, bees are typically released and managed within the structure. This fact sheet provides information on how to obtain and manage bee pollinators in high tunnels.

Red Light Accelerates Adventitious Root Primordium Initiation And Differentiation In Phoebe Bournei Cuttings By Modulating Auxin Signaling And Hormonal Balance, Yuewang Niu, Yuanyang Bi, Chenyu Gong, Shipin Chen

Turkish Journal of Botany

Adventitious root formation in stem cuttings of Phoebe bournei, an economically and ecologically significant woody species, is a major bottleneck in clonal propagation. To elucidate the impact of spectral quality on early adventitious root development, we characterized the morphological, hormonal, and transcriptomic dynamics of primordium initiation and differentiation under white, red, and blue light. Under red light, cuttings exhibited the earliest and most pronounced formation of white filamentous structures at lenticels, indicative of root primordium initiation, as early as 20 days after cutting, whereas white and blue light treatments showed delayed responses. Paraffin section analysis confirmed the induced origin of …

Involvement Of Melatonin In The Regulation Of Reactive Oxygen Species Levels In Plants, Bariş Uzi̇lday, Oğuzhan Yilmaz, Tolga Yalçinkaya, Zehra Özgecan Tanyolaç, İsmai̇l Türkan, Rengi̇n Özgür Uzi̇lday

Turkish Journal of Botany

Abiotic stress conditions impair plant metabolism partly by inducing the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin, a multifunctional indoleamine, has emerged as an important regulator of plant responses to oxidative stress. This review highlights recent findings on the interactions among phytomelatonin, ROS homeostasis, antioxidant metabolism, photosynthetic protection, stress priming, and abiotic stress tolerance. We discuss how melatonin modulates the antioxidative response under diverse stress conditions and evaluate its effects on photosynthetic performance, ROS signaling, and membrane stability. Special attention is given to priming studies showing that melatonin pretreatment can improve stress tolerance. Emerging evidence from plant tissue culture …

Complete Chloroplast Genome Analysis Of Critically Endangered Endemic Prangos Denticulata And Insights Into Its Evolutionary Dynamics, Ayşenur Bozkurt, Doğa Seli̇n Kayihan, Hali̇s Batuhan Ünal, Ceyhun Kayihan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Prangos denticulata (Apiaceae) is a critically endangered and narrowly endemic species restricted to Ankara, Türkiye. To provide genomic resources for its conservation and evolutionary study, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated its complete chloroplast genome using short-read next-generation sequencing. The circular plastome was 153,486 bp in length, exhibiting the typical quadripartite structure with a large single-copy (86,440 bp), small single-copy (17,894 bp), and two inverted repeats (49,152 bp), and an overall GC content of 37.8%. A total of 116 genes were identified, including 92 protein-coding, 31 tRNA, and 5 rRNA genes, of which 20 contained introns. Comparative analyses with P. trifida, …

Drought Priming Improves Waterlogging Tolerance In Alfalfa, But Less Effectively Than Waterlogging Priming, Gürkan Demi̇rkol, Ni̇lüfer Kara

Turkish Journal of Botany

Waterlogging severely restricts growth and productivity in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), necessitating effective strategies to improve stress tolerance. This study investigated whether drought priming or waterlogging priming could enhance tolerance to subsequent waterlogging stress in the alfalfa cultivar “Bilensoy-80”. Plants were subjected to drought priming, waterlogging priming, or no priming prior to progressive waterlogging stress for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days. Waterlogging priming consistently alleviated growth inhibition, maintained chlorophyll content, and reduced oxidative damage under prolonged stress. Drought priming was associated with partial cross-tolerance, particularly through improved root growth, plant water status, and oxidative stress responses, although …

Irrigation Management With A Field Water Balance And Virus Incidence In Dahlia Cut Flowers, Chloe Seeborg, Melanie Stock, Claudia Nischwitz, Xin Dai, Cambry Adams, Burdette Barker

Plants, Soils and Climate Student Research

Irrigation guidelines are needed for the field production of emerging specialty crops to support the sustainability and economic viability of small farms. The goal of this study was to establish crop coefficients (K_c) of dahlia (Dahlia × hybrida), a popular, profitable cut flower crop, while documenting virus infection. A two-year field study was conducted with two industry-important cultivars that vary in production timing and bloom: ‘Boom Boom White’, an earlier and mid-sized formal decorative, and ‘Café au Lait’, a later and large informal decorative bloom type. A field water balance was used to evaluate five irrigation …

Effect Of Sprayer Type, Nozzle Selection, And Herbicide Properties On Spray Deposition And Weed Control Efficacy, Mary Joy M. Abit, Analiza Henedina M. Ramirez

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Sprayer application efficiency is influenced by sprayer performance, nozzle characteristics, and herbicide properties, which collectively affect spray deposition and weed control. This study evaluated the effects of backpack sprayer type and nozzle configuration on spray output, droplet characteristics, spray coverage, and deposition under Philippine field conditions and compared these characteristics with weed control responses to glyphosate and glufosinate in separate field experiments. Battery-operated (BO) and hand-pumped (HP) backpack sprayers equipped with flat fan and hollow cone nozzles were evaluated. The BO sprayer provided more consistent spray output and maintained discharge rates closer to the target application volume than the HP …

Physical Soil Health Indicators In Paired Certified Organic And Conventional Farms: A Multi-Case Study In The Philippines, Victorino A. Bato, Gina Villegas Pangga

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

There is a common perception that organic products and practices are good for the health of consumers, plants, the environment, and particularly the soil. In the Philippines, organic agriculture was enacted into law (i.e., Republic Act No. 10068) in order to encourage farmers to shift to organic farming and reap its benefits, including better soil health through improved soil physical properties. This study compared certain soil physical properties of certified organic farms in the Philippines with those of a conventional cropping system. Results showed significantly higher soil aggregate stability (high values of percent water-stable aggregates and mean weight diameter, both …

Bathurst Burr And Its Control, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

Bathurst burr (Xanthium spinosum) is a declared pest in Western Australia (WA). This factsheet describes the nature of the plant, requirements land owners/occupiers must adhere to, control methods, and how to search, detect, and report it.

Bathurst burr is a summer growing annual shrubby plant originating in South America. In south west Australia, some mature plants survive well into winter, with the result that burrs may be found for most of the year. The weed spreads entirely by burrs, which are usually carried by people or animals, attached to clothes, fur, or other fibre by their hooked spines. They may …

Noogoora Burr And Its Control, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

Noogoora burr, also known as cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), is a declared pest in Western Australia (WA). This factsheet describes the nature of the plant with links to requirements that land owners/occupiers must adhere to and control methods.

Native to western United States of America. Locally abundant in parts of the Kimberley, especially near water courses. Occasionally found in the South West region of WA.

Analysis Of Diterpenoid Alkaloids From American Aconitum Using Lc-Ms Metabolomic Methods, Yi Zhao

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Analysis of Diterpenoid Alkaloids from American Aconitum Using LC-MS Metabolomic Methods

by

Yi Zhao

Advisor: Edward J. Kennelly

Aconitum plants have been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries for millennia to treat pain, rheumatism, syncope, fever, and other conditions. These therapeutic effects are mainly due to the bioactive diterpenoid alkaloids accumulated in the roots. Comparing with the large records and studies of Asian Aconitum and their medicinal use and the broad bioactive compounds, American Aconitum has been rarely investigated, not to mention how American Aconitum has been used medicinally. Based on previous phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic studies of Aconitum …

Organic Pesticides: A General Overview, Marion Murray, Ann Mull

All Current Publications

Organic pesticides are naturally occurring, nonsynthetic, or minimally processed substances that control unwanted organisms in the environment. Categories include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and miticides.

American Plum Borer In Utah Orchards (Euzophera Semifuneralis), Emilie Demard, Marion Murray, Claudia Nischwitz

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides information on American plum borer in Utah orchards, also known as APB. This pest primarily damages fruit trees. APB moths were detected in traps in 2026, but to date, no tree damage has been found. This fact sheet discusses hosts, identification, and management methods.

Visualizing 25 Years Of Change In The Glades Oak Savanna, Zoe Fieberg

Summer Research Showcase

Oak savannas represent one of the most threatened ecosystems in Minnesota due to changing land use management, particularly absence of fire (Davis, 2001). Frequent burns kill fire-sensitive mesophytic tree species, reducing the dominance of woody understory and allowing for restoration of the oak savanna environment. The GLADES (Grid for Landscape Analysis and Demographic Study) site was established in 1988 in East Bethel, Minnesota to study the effect of frequent burning on oak savanna restoration. Through the use of standardized methods of photography, we compared canopy differences across GLADES between 2001 and 2026. Preliminary observations revealed increased canopy density and reduced …

Nasa’S Ecostress Satellite Reveals Widespread Midday Depression In Ecosystem Evapotranspiration, Jingyi Bu, Jingfeng Xiao, Joshua B. Fisher, Yiqi Luo

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Plants often exhibit a midday depression in water use (i.e., transpiration), reflecting a constraint on their ability to sustain maximum water transport, which may occur at the cost of reduced photosynthesis. Eddy covariance observations and geostationary satellites cannot quantify this widespread phenomenon globally while resolving fine-scale spatial variability. Using evapotranspiration measurements from the ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) and machine learning, we quantify the global distribution of midday depression in evapotranspiration. Midday depression primarily occurs during peak-growing seasons in temperate zones and dry periods in the tropics, with a morning shift of the peak evapotranspiration time …

Beyond Better Conditions: Seaweed Farming And The Number Of Sentient Animals In Aquaculture, Shrilaxmi Patil, Matthew Unerman, Wasseem Emam

Animal Sentience

Oldfield & Bonano (2024) (O&B) document how far  fish welfare research lags behind welfare research in other animals. We share O&B’s feelings-based concept of welfare and agree that aquaculture seeded this field; but research volume has not scaled with animal numbers: Welfare attention per farmed fish or decapod remains negligible. Along the lines of preceding commentaries (Maia 2024, Mather 2024), we treat farmed aquatic animals as individuals rather than tonnage. We then raise a point so far absent from the commentary on O&B so far: reducing the number of sentient animals entering intensive systems. Coastal seaweed farming, which cultivates non-sentient …