Digital Commons Network^™

Ultrastructure Of Teliospores And Promycelium And Basidiospore Formation In The Four-Spored Form Of Gymnoconia Nitens, One Of The Causes Of Orange Rust Of Rubus, C. W. Mims, E. A. Richardson, Josephine Taylor

Faculty Publications

Orange rust of Rubus is an interesting disease because of the fact that it can be caused by three different rust fungi that produce virtually identical symptoms. One is Gymnoconia peckiana (Howe in Peck) Trotter, which is a demicyclic species, while the other two are endocyclic forms historically referred to as Gymnoconia nitens (Schwein.) Kern & H.W. Thurston. Although the spores produced on infected Rubus leaves by these latter two forms are morphologically identical to the aeciospores of G. peckiana, they actually function as teliospores. However, the teliospores of one of the forms gives rise to two-celled promycelia that …

Assessment Of Genetic Diversity In The Usda And Cip-Fao International Nursery Collections Of Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) Using Microsatellite Markers [Abstract], S. A. Christensen, Donald B. Pratt, C. Pratt, P. T. Nelson, M. R. Stevens, Eric N. Jellen, C. E. Coleman, D. J. Fairbanks, A. Bonifacio, Peter J. Maughan

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Additions To The Flora Of Connecticut, Gordon C. Tucker

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Since the publication of the Connecticut checklist by Dowhan (1979), new state records have continued to appear. These were summarized by Mehrhoff (1995), including some made by Tucker ( 1987, 1991 ). Although geographically distant, the flora of Connecticut has continued to hold my attention since the publication of a flora of the southeastern part of the state (Tucker 1995). Over the past decade, I have made several collections that are new records for the state flora. These new records are reported in this paper, as well as a 1970 collection of Coronilla scorpio ides that was never added to …

Australian Temperate Strawberry Breeding Program (Western Australia) Selection Of New And Advanced Short Day Breeding Lines And Cultivars In Western Australia - 2006/2007, Aileen Reid, Dennis Phillips, Hal

Horticulture research reports

Thirty-two ‘Stage 4’ numbered selections (2004 crosses) from the Australian Temperate Strawberry Breeding Program were evaluated in unreplicated plots on a commercial property in Wanneroo for their potential under WA conditions. Seven of these have been selected as worthy of further testing. The priority selection among these was 04- 021-263, and the other six included 04-021-467, 04-037-102, 04-021-241, 04-021-172, 04-021-475 and 04-029-211.

In addition, 21 advanced numbered selections (Stages 5, 6 and 7) were also evaluated on the same grower’s property. Three of those were substantially larger plots and a later planting date. Of the first group of 18 selections, …

Regulation Of Hyphal Morphogenesis By Cdc42 And Rac1 Homologues In Aspergillus Nidulans, Aleksandra Virag, Maurice P. Lee, Haoyu Si, Steven D. Harris

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The ability of filamentous fungi to form hyphae requires the establishment and maintenance of a stable polarity axis. Based on studies in yeasts and animals, the GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 are presumed to play a central role in organizing the morphogenetic machinery to enable axis formation and stabilization. Here, we report that Cdc42 (ModA) and Rac1 (RacA) share an overlapping function required for polarity establishment in Aspergillus nidulans. Nevertheless, Cdc42 appears to have a more important role in hyphal morphogenesis in that it alone is required for the timely formation of lateral branches. In addition, we provide genetic evidence …

Structure And Biosynthesis Of Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor (Hsaf), A Broad-Spectrum Antimycotic With A Novel Mode Of Action, Fengan Yu, Kathia Zaleta-Rivera, Xiangcheng Zhu, Justin Huffman, Jeffrey C. Millet, Steven D. Harris, Gary Yuen, Xing-Cong Li, Liangcheng Du

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A screen for antifungal compounds from Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3, a bacterial biological control agent of fungal diseases, has previously led to the isolation of heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF). HSAF exhibits inhibitory activities against a wide range of fungal species and shows a novel mode of antifungal action by disrupting the biosynthesis of a distinct group of sphingolipids. We have now determined the chemical structure of HSAF, which is identical to that of dihydromaltophilin, an antifungal metabolite with a unique macrocyclic lactam system containing a tetramic acid moiety and a 5,5,6-tricyclic skeleton. We have also identified the genetic locus responsible …

Ua66/5/2 Newsletter, Wku Department Of Agriculture

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter regarding programs, events, students and alumni of the WKU Agriculture department.

The 2005 Nevada Rangeland Vegetation Survey General Public Questionnaire And Survey Of Responses, Kimberly Rollins, Anita Castledine, Sherman Swanson, M. D. R. Evans, Kent Mcadoo, Brad Schultz, Michael Havercamp, Robert Wilson

Reports

The 2005 Nevada Rangeland Vegetation Survey was conducted as a collaborative effort between the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) Department of Resource Economics and the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension (UNCE) Natural Resources Program to fulfill two roles.

Western Juniper Field Guide: Asking The Right Questions To Select Appropriate Management Actions, Richard F. Miller, Jonathan D. Bates, T. J. Svejcar, Frederick B. Pierson, L. E. Eddleman

Reports

Strong evidence indicates that western juniper has significantly expanded its range since the late 1800s by encroaching into landscapes once dominated by shrubs and herbaceous vegetation (fig. 1). Woodland expansion affects soil resources, plant community structure and composition, water, nutrient and fire cycles, forage production, wildlife habitat, and biodiversity. Goals of juniper management include an attempt to restore ecosystem function and a more balanced plant community that includes shrubs, grasses, and forbs, and to increase ecosystem resilience to disturbances. Developing a management strategy can be a difficult task due to uncertainty about how vegetation, soils, hydrologic function, and wildlife will …

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Response Of Soybean Cultivars To Bean Pod Mottle Virus Infection, Amy D. Ziems, Loren J. Giesler, George L. Graef, Margaret G. Redinbaugh, Jean L. Vacha, Sueann Berry, Laurence V. Madden, Anne E. Dorrance

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) has become increasingly common in soybean throughout the north-central region of the United States. Yield loss assessments on southern soybean germplasm have reported reductions ranging from 3 to 52%. Currently, no soybean cultivars have been identified with resistance to BPMV. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of BPMV infection on soybean cultivars representing a broad range of northern soybean germplasm by comparing inoculated and noninoculated soybean plants in paired row studies. In all, 30 and 24 cultivars were evaluated in Nebraska (NE) in which soybean plants were inoculated at the V3 …

The Flora Of The Burnham Brook Preserve Of The Nature Conservancy, Richard Goodwin

Other Publications and Reports

No abstract provided.

Completed Chloroplast Genome Sequence Of Welwitschia Mirabilis: Analyses Of Gene Order And Content, Skip Mccoy

Undergraduate Honors Theses

While the use of complete chloroplast genome sequences in plant classification and phylogenetic studies has increased dramatically since the publication of the first genome in 1986, the position of the Gnetales within seed plants had been problematic due to lack of data. Here I report on the first Gnetalean to have its chloroplast genome sequenced, Welwitschia mirabilis. the genome is 119,726 base pairs in length, displaying large and small single copy regions (LSC and SSC), two copies of an inverted repeat region (IR), and contains only 99 unique gene species. The genome is the most compact genome sequenced to date, …

Genetic Diversity In Laboratory Colonies Of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Including A Nondiapause Colony, Kyung Seok Kim, B. Wade French, Douglas V. Sumerford, Thomas W. Sappington

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Laboratory-reared western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, from colonies maintained at the North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory (NCARL) in Brookings, SD, are used extensively by many researchers in studies of the biology, ecology, behavior, and genetics of this major insect pest. A nondiapause colony developed through artificial selection in the early 1970s is particularly attractive for many studies because its generation time is much shorter than that of typical diapause colonies. However, the nondiapause colony has been in culture for ≈190 generations without out-crossing. We compared variation at six microsatellite loci among individuals from the NCARL nondiapause colony (≈190 …

The Influence Of Oscillating Dietary Protein Concentrations On Finishing Cattle. Ii. Nutrient Retention And Ammonia Emissions, S. L. Archibeque, H. C. Freetly, N. A. Cole, Calvin Ferrell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

We hypothesized that oscillation of the dietary CP concentrations would improve efficiency of N use and reduce N loss to the environment. Charolais-cross steers (n = 8; 315 ± 21 kg of BW) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The steers were allowed ad libitum access to the following diets: 1) 9.1% CP (low), 2) 11.8% CP (medium), 3) 13.9% CP (high), or 4) low and high oscillated on a 48-h interval on each diet (oscillating). Dry matter intake did not differ among treatments (P = 0.46), but N intake differed (P < 0.01) from 94 (low) to 131 (medium), 142 (high), and 133 g/d (oscillating), as designed. Dry matter digestibility increased (P < 0.01) from 71.8% (low) to 75.8% (medium), 77.7% (high), and 77.5% (oscillating). Nitrogen digestibility increased (P < 0.01) from 62.2% (low) to 67.2% (medium) to 70.1% (high) and 70.9% (oscillating). Nitrogen retention was greater (P < 0.01) in steers fed oscillating (55.0 g/d) than in the steers fed low (34.8 g/ d) or high (40.2 g/d), but N retention of steers fed medium (49.8 g/d) differed (P = 0.02) only from that of steers fed low. Urinary urea N did not differ between steers fed medium (19.5 g/d) or oscillating (21.3 g/d) but was lowest (P < 0.01) for those fed low (8.2 g/d) and greatest for those fed high (39.2 g/d). Daily heat production (kcal/BW^0.75) tended …

Early Investments In Soil Conservation Research Continues To Provide Dividends, J. E. Gilley, D. C. Flanagan

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Current soil conservation programs are built upon an established research legacy. Hugh H. Bennett, chief of the USDA Soil Conservation Service from 1935 to 1951, was instrumental in the establishment of a network of 35 soil conservation experiment stations (SCES). Research projects were initiated at the SCES in the 1930s to investigate the principal factors causing erosion and to identify the most effective and practical methods of controlling soil loss from agricultural areas. Information obtained from the SCES, and selected other locations, was assembled at the National Runoff and Soil Loss Data Center (NRSLDC) established on the campus of Purdue …

America's Lost Landscape: The Tallgrass Prairie Activity Guide, University Of Northern Iowa. Tallgrass Prairie Center.

K-12 Curriculum Supplements

This book is a K-12 curriculum supplement developed by the Tallgrass Prairie Center at the University of Northern Iowa to accompany the film, America's Lost Landscape. The activity guide was used in the educators' workshop held at the University of of Northern Iowa in fall 2007.

Highly Variable Patterns Of Linkage Disequilibrium In Multiple Soybean Populations, D. L. Hyten, Ik-Young Choi, Qijian Song, Randy C. Shoemaker, Randall L. Nelson, Jose M. Costa, James E. Specht, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Prospects for utilizing whole-genome association analysis in autogamous plant populations appear promising due to the reported high levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD). To determine the optimal strategies for implementing association analysis in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), we analyzed the structure of LD in three regions of the genome varying in length from 336 to 574 kb. This analysis was conducted in four distinct groups of soybean germplasm: 26 accessions of the wild ancestor of soybean (Glycine soja Seib. et Zucc.); 52 Asian G. max Landraces, the immediate results of domestication from G. soja; 17 Asian Landrace …

Using Geographic Information Systems To Organize And Coordinate Holistic Watershed Resource Management, John M.S. King

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Thesis research explores the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), such as ESRI’s ArcGIS and Google Earth, to organize and coordinate statewide, regional, and locally led watershed initiatives in West Virginia. Holistic Watershed Resource Management (HWRM) is an innovative collaborative approach to environmental protection designed to synchronize regional and local environmental assessment and restoration efforts. HWRM success is often attributed to an inclusive decision-making process, which seeks to build and coordinate cooperative partnerships among government agencies, private businesses, educational institutions, and non-profit organizations. A case study of the Morris Creek Watershed Association and detailed surveys of over 100 West Virginia …

The Function Of Stilt Roots In The Growth Strategy Of Socratea Exorrhiza (Arecaceae) At Two Neotropical Sites, Gregory R. Goldsmith, Rakan A. Zahawi

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Arboreal palms have developed a variety of structural root modifications and systems to adapt to the harsh abiotic conditions of tropical rain forests. Stilt roots have been proposed to serve a number of functions including the facilitation of rapid vertical growth to the canopy and enhanced mechanical stability. To examine whether stilt roots provide these functions, we compared stilt root characteristics of the neotropical palm tree Socratea exorrhiza on sloped ( > 20°) and flat locations at two lowland neotropical sites. S. exorrhiza (n=80 trees) did not demonstrate differences in number of roots, vertical stilt root height, root cone circumference, root …

Discovery Of A Second Record Of Seaside Heliotrope(Heliotropilum Curassavicum L.) (Boraginaceae) In Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, Brett Serviss

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Basa Regulates Cell Wall Organization And Asexual/Sexual Sporulation Ratio In Aspergillus Nidulans, Shaojie Li, Dapeng Bao, Gary Yuen, Steven D. Harris, Ana M. Calvo

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Sphingolipid C4 hydroxylase catalyzes the conversion of dihydrosphingosine to phytosphingosine. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sur2 is essential for sphingolipid C4 hydroxylation activity but not essential for normal growth. Here we demonstrate that the Aspergillus nidulans Sur2 homolog BasA is also required for phytosphingosine biosynthesis but is also essential for viability. We previously reported that a point missense mutation in basA resulted in aberrant cell wall thickening. Here our data suggest that accumulation of dihydrosphingosine is responsible for this phenotype. In addition, two different mutations in basA consistently accelerated the transition from asexual development to sexual development compared to the wild-type …

Free-Living Dorylaimid Nematodes From Nature Reserves In Costa Rica. The Genus Pachydorylaimus Siddiqi, 1983, A. Esquivel, P. Guerrero, R. Peña-Santiago, Thomas O. Powers

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A taxonomic study of three species, two known and one new, belonging to the genus Pachydorylaimus Siddiqi, 1983 from natural areas in Costa Rica is presented. Pachydorylaimus holovachovi sp. n. is described and can be distinguished by its body 0.90-1.00 mm long, lip region 14-17 μm wide, odontostyle 13-15 μm long, odontophore morphology with differentiated hyaline spindle-shaped area surrounding its junction to pharyngeal lining but lacking distinct basal flanges, total stylet length 35- 44 μm, pars refringens vaginae absent, V = 43-47, female tail straight and tapering to an acute tip (57- 78 μm, c = 12.5-15.8, c’ = 2.0-3.0), …

Structure And Function Of A Chlorella Virus Encoded Glycosyltransferase, Ying Zhang, Ye Xiang, James L. Van Etten, Michael G. Rossmann

James Van Etten Publications

Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus-1 encodes at least 5 putative glycosyltransferases that are probably involved in the synthesis of the glycan components of the viral major capsid protein. The 1.6 Å crystal structure of one of these glycosyltransferases (A64R) has a mixed α/β fold containing a central, six-stranded β-sheet flanked by α-helices. Crystal structures of A64R, complexed with UDP, CMP, or GDP, established that only UDP bound to A64R in the presence of Mn2+, consistent with its high structural similarity to glycosyltransferases which utilize UDP as the sugar carrier. The structure of the complex of A64R, UDP-glucose, and Mn2+ showed that …

Sequence And Annotation Of The 288-Kb Atcv-1 Virus That Infects An Endosymbiotic Chlorella Strain Of The Heliozoon Acanthocystis Turfacea, Lisa A. Fitzgerald, Michael V. Graves, Xiao Li, James Hartigan, Artur J.P. Pfitzner, Ella Hoffart, James L. Van Etten

James Van Etten Publications

Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus (ATCV-1), a prospective member of the family Phycodnaviridae, genus Chlorovirus, infects a unicellular, eukaryotic, chlorella-like green alga, Chlorella SAG 3.83, that is a symbiont in the heliozoon A. turfacea. The 288,047-bp ATCV-1 genome is the first virus to be sequenced that infects Chlorella SAG 3.83. ATCV-1 contains 329 putative protein-encoding and 11 tRNA-encoding genes. The protein-encoding genes are almost evenly distributed on both strands and intergenic space is minimal. Thirty-four percent of the viral gene products resemble entries in the public databases, including some that are unexpected for a virus. For example, these …

Chlorella Viruses Contain Genes Encoding A Complete Polyamine Biosynthetic Pathway, Sascha Baumann, Adrienne Sander, James Gurnon, Giane M. Yanai-Balser, James L. Van Etten, Markus Piotrowski

James Van Etten Publications

Two genes encoding the putative polyamine biosynthetic enzymes agmatine iminohydrolase (AIH) and N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase (CPA) were cloned from the chloroviruses PBCV-1, NY-2A and MT325. They were expressed in Escherichia coli to form C-terminal (His)6-tagged proteins and the recombinant proteins were purified by Ni2+- binding affinity chromatography. The biochemical properties of the two enzymes are similar to AIH and CPA enzymes from Arabidopsis thaliana and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Together with the previously known virus genes encoding ornithine/arginine decarboxlyase (ODC/ADC) and homospermidine synthase, the chloroviruses have genes that encode a complete set of functional enzymes that synthesize the rare polyamine homospermidine from arginine …

Phenotypic Plasticity May Facilitate Invasion By Aegilops Triuncialis, Andrew R. Dyer

Faculty Publications

One great obstacle to understanding the invasion of nonnative species into native ecosystems is the lack of information on the population biology of the invading species. In particular, morphological and physiological adaptations and potential for phenotypic plasticity will strongly influence a species’ ability to persist and spread in newly invaded ecosystems. Phenotypic plasticity can buffer populations from selection thereby allowing them to survive the establishment phase of the invasion. The annual grass Aegilops triuncialis (Poaceae, Triticeae) has become highly invasive in California (USA) and provides an opportunity to investigate the importance of phenotypic plasticity to persistence and spread in new …

Evects Of In Vivo Exposure To Deet On Blood Feeding Behavior And Fecundity In Anopheles Quadrimaculatus (Diptera: Culicidae), Rui-De Xue, Arshad Ali, Donald R. Barnard

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This study determined the effects of contact with DEET on guinea pig skin on mortality, probing time, blood feeding rate, engorgement time, and fecundity responses in female Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. Exposure, in this manner, to 10% DEET (in ethanol) for 5min, resulted in 98% mortality in mosquitoes after 24 h. The median probing time (PT₅₀) required by females, when exposed to 0.1%, 1.0%, and 10% DEET, was significantly (P< 0.0001) longer (12.5, 12.1, and 19.1 s, respectively) than the 6.8 s required by females to probe ethanol-treated skin (control). Similarly, mean blood feeding rates in populations of females exposed to 1.0% DEET for ≤5min (14.4%) was 6x lower (P <0.001) (85.5%) than in females exposed to ethanol-treated skin, whereas the mean engorgement time on skin treated with 1.0% DEET (66.3 s) was significantly shorter (P<0.0001) than for females feeding on the control guinea pigs (105.9 s). The mean number of mature oöcytes per female (fecundity) in treatment (1.0% DEET) and control mosquitoes was not significantly different. The responses to DEET observed in this study suggest that repeated exposure of female A. quadrimaculatus populations to this repellent, in laboratory bioassays, could result in confounding of toxicant and repellent effects and inaccurate estimates of DEET repellency.

Fish And Wildlife Benefits Associated With Wetland Establishment Practices, Charles A. Rewa

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Efforts to establish wetlands through restoration and creation actions have increased in recent decades in response to regulatory and voluntary incentive programs. This paper summarizes the findings of studies conducted to document fish and wildlife response to these practices. The majority of published studies describe bird response to wetland restoration, with most reporting bird communities in restored wetlands to be similar to those of natural reference wetlands. Studies also indicate that invertebrates and amphibians generally respond quickly to and colonize newly established wetland habitats. Key factors reported as correlated with wildlife species richness include wetland size, availability of nearby wetlands …

Effect Of Drying On Phosphorus Distribution In Poultry Manure, Heidi W. Dail, Zhongqi He, M. Susan Erich, C. Wayne Honeycutt

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Laboratory drying may alter manure phosphorus (P) distribution. The effects of freeze, air (22 °C), and oven (65 °C) drying on sequentially fractioned poultry manure P were examined. Higher drying temperatures resulted in lower percentage of dry matter. Increased H₂O- and decreased sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)-extractable P with drying provided evidence that drying increases poultry manure P solubility. Labile fractions were predominantly inorganic P (P_i), whereas sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) fractions had significant amounts of organic P (P_o). Drying altered H₂O- and NaHCO₃-extractable P_i but …