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A Synopsis Of The Genus Pulsatilla (Ranunculaceae) In Turkey, Ahmet Emre Yaprak, Selçuk Tuğrul Körüklü, Ali̇ Osman Ketenoğlu

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this study, Pulsatilla Mill., which was considered a subgenus of the genus Anemone L. in Flora of Turkey, is accepted as a separate genus. Pulsatilla albana (Steven) Bercht. & J.Presl subsp. albana and P. violacea Rupr. subsp. violacea are declared as new records for the flora of Turkey. Anemone albana Steven subsp. armena (Boiss.) N.Busch, which was already known from Turkey, is accepted as a synonym of Pulsatilla violacea subsp. armena (Boiss.) Luferov. Descriptions, distribution maps, and identification keys are provided for these taxa in order to aid in the distinguishing of the genera Anemone and Pulsatilla as well …

Clarifying The Ploidy Of Some Accessions In The Usda Alfalfa Germplasm Collection, Muhammet Şaki̇roğlu, Edward Charles Brummer

Turkish Journal of Botany

Cultivated alfalfa was selected from a complex taxonomic group called the Medicago sativa-falcata complex. The complex includes a number of diploid (2n = 2x = 16) and tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32) taxa. Prior information of ploidy is vital for the effective utilisation of genetic resources in alfalfa breeding programs. From the US National Plant Germplasm System, we obtained the seeds of 256 wild accessions thought to be from the 3 diploid subspecies included in the M. sativa-falcata complex, in order to determine their ploidy level using flow cytometry: M. sativa subsp. caerulea, M. sativa subsp. falcata, and M. …

Synthesis, Linda H. Pardo, Linda H. Geiser, Mark E. Fenn, Charles T. Driscoll, Christine L. Goodale, Edith B. Allen, Jill S. Baron, Roland Bobbink, William D. Bowman, Christopher M. Clark, Bridget Emmett, Frank S. Gilliam, Tara Greaver, Sharon J. Hall, Erik A. Lilleskov, Lingli Liu, Jason A. Lynch, Knute Nadelhoffer, Steven S. Perakis, Molly J. Robin-Abbott, John L. Stoddard, Kathleen C. Weathers

Biological Sciences Faculty Research

Human activity in the last century has led to a substantial increase in nitrogen (N) emissions and deposition. This N deposition has reached a level that has caused or is likely to cause alterations to the structure and function of many ecosystems across the United States. One approach for quantifying the level of pollution that would be harmful to ecosystems is the critical loads approach. The critical load is dei ned as the level of a pollutant below which no detrimental ecological effect occurs over the long term according to present knowledge.

The objective of this project was to synthesize …

Nitrogen Addition Shapes Soil Phosphorus Availability In Two Reforested Tropical Forests In Southern China, Xiankai Lu, Jiangming Mo, Frank S. Gilliam, Hua Fang, Feifei Zhu, Yunting Fang, Wei Zhang, Juan Huang

Biological Sciences Faculty Research

Scant information is available on how soil phosphorus (P) availability responds to atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, especially in the tropical zones. This study examined the effect of N addition on soil P availability, and compared this effect between forest sites of contrasting land-use history. Effects of N addition on soil properties, litterfall production, P release from decomposing litter, and soil P availability were studied in a disturbed (reforested pine forest with previous understory vegetation and litter harvesting) and a rehabilitated (reforested mixed pine/broadleaf forest with no understory vegetation and litter harvesting) tropical forest in southern China. Experimental N-treatments (above ambient) …

Heterogeneous Stress Response In A Clonal Invader (Imperata Cylindrica): Implications For Management, Sarah Grace Sanford

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Life history traits such as growth, survival, and clonality can vary within a population. When such variation exists in a population of an invasive species, it can affect population dynamics, and if any part of the variation has a genetic basis the population can evolve in response to control regimes. Evolutionary responses to control efforts may shift the population towards a few more resilient genotypes, or towards different types in different microenvironments, depending on the scale of gene flow with respect to the patchiness of the environment. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the application of stress …

Ecological Strategies In California Chaparral: Interacting Effects Of Soils, Climate, And Fire On Specific Leaf Area, B L. Anacker, N Rajakaruna, D D. Ackerly, S P. Harrison, J E. Keeley, M C. Vasey

Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences

Background: High values of specific leaf area (SLA) are generally associated with high maximal growth rates in resource-rich conditions, such as mesic climates and fertile soils. However, fire may complicate this relationship since its frequency varies with both climate and soil fertility, and fire frequency selects for regeneration strategies (resprouting versus seeding) that are not independent of resource-acquisition strategies. Shared ancestry is also expected to affect the distribution of resource-use and regeneration traits. Aims: We examined climate, soil, and fire as drivers of community-level variation in a key functional trait, SLA, in chaparral in California. Methods: We quantified the phylogenetic, …

Techniques To Facilitate The Acquisition Of Accurate Spectral Measurements And Multispectral Imagery Of Plant Foliage Under Artificial Lighting Conditions, Yuridia Patricia Gandy, Ashish Mamachen, Adarsh Mamachen, Jonathan Lieman, Michael W. Persans, Jason Parsons, Elamin E. Ibrahim, James H. Everitt, Christopher R. Little, Kenneth R. Summy

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Spectral measurements obtained in the laboratory under artificial lighting sources have been used for many years to develop spectral ‘libraries’ for various soil types, rocks and minerals, and other inanimate features occurring on or near the earth’s surface. Quartz halogen lamps have been shown to emit all of the electromagnetic (EMR) wavelengths required for the acquisition of quality multispectral imagery, and various techniques have been developed to facilitate the acquisition of accurate spectral measurements using such artificial lighting sources. Our objectives in this study were to evaluate the several factors of critical importance in obtaining accurate spectral measurements for plant …

A Phylogenetic Assessment Of Breeding Systems And Floral Morphology Of North American Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae), J. Andrew Mcdonald, Joshua R. Mcdill, Debra R. Hansen, Beryl B. Simpson

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

A phylogenetic investigation of 68 species and two varieties of tropical and temperate North American Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) using sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) with parsimony and Bayesian analyses revealed multiple origins of autogamy. By assessing breeding systems and floral morphological characters in the context of this phylogeny, we estimate 16 independent origins of autogamy and 4 subsequent reversions to xenogamy. Transitions to autogamy are associated with reduced pollen-ovule ratios, decreased anther-stigma distance, and small flower size. Although the relationship between floral traits and breeding systems has been described in previous studies, this is the first investigation …

Edaphic, Microtopographic, And Light Characteristics Associated With The Endangered Running Buffalo Clover (Trifolium Stoloniferm) At The Blue Grass Army Depot, Madison County, Kentucky, Lance Austin Watt

Online Theses and Dissertations

Soil, microtopographic, and light parameters associated with federally endangered running buffalo clover (Trifolium stoloniferum) plants on the Blue Grass Army Depot, Richmond, KY, were examined during the 2004 and 2005 growing season. Study samples or measurements were determined at 27 "long-term" sites (plots which have had clover present since 1992-1994), 23 "disappeared" sites (plots which had clover in 1992-1994, but did not have plants present at the time of this study) and 25 random/control sites (randomly selected 1 m2 plots in areas in which running buffalo clover has never been reported).

Average precipitation on the Blue Grass Army Depot was …

Analysis Of Airborne Pollen Grains In Kırklareli, Peri̇han Erkan, Adem Biçakci, Mehmet Aybeke, Hulusi̇ Malyer

Turkish Journal of Botany

A continuous aeropalynological survey of the atmosphere of Kırklareli was carried out from January 2002 to December 2003 by means of the gravimetric method using Durham apparatus. Weekly pollen grains in per cm^2 were calculated. During these 2 years, a total of 11,758 pollen grains were recorded. Pollen fall in the years 2002-2003 comprised grains belonging 46 taxa. Of these taxa, 26 belonged to arboreal and 20 taxa non-arboreal plants. In 2002, 6011 pollen grains and, in 2003, 5747 pollen grains were recorded. Total pollen grains consisted of 71.02% grains from arboreal plants, 28.93% grains from non-arboreal plants, and 0.05% …

Seasonal Changes In Phytoplankton Community Structure In Relation To Physico-Chemical Factors In Bukan Dam Reservoir (Northwest Iran), Ali Mohsenpour Azari, Fereidun Mohebbi, Alireza Asem

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study examines the relationship between phytoplankton population and some important physicochemical variables in the Bukan Dam Reservoir. The sampling was performed monthly from 8 sampling sites from April 2008 to February 2009. Phytoplankton counts were made by inverted microscope. Totally, 55 phytoplankton taxa were identified and included Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Dinophyta, Cyanobacteria, Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta and Cryptophyta. Correlations between some important physicochemical factors and total phytoplankton number were calculated. Results indicated that phytoplankton total number positively correlated with NH_3 (R^2 = 0.845) and negatively correlated with Secchi disc depth (R^2 = -0.613).

A New Subspecies Record For The Flora Of Turkey: Artemisia Santonicum L. Subsp. Patens (Neilr.) K.M.Perss. (Asteraceae), Murat Kurşat, İsmai̇l Türkoğlu, Şemsetti̇n Ci̇velek, Selma Tabur

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.

Pollen Morphology Of Six Achillea L. Sect. Achillea (Asteraceae) Species In Turkey, Hani̇fe Akyalçin, Turan Arabaci, Bayram Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Botany

The pollen morphology of 48 specimens of 6 species (9 taxa) of the genus Achillea L. sect. Achillea (Asteraceae), A. nobilis L. subsp. neilreichii (A.Kern.) Formánek, A. nobilis subsp. densissima (O.Schwarz ex Bässler) Hub.-Mor., A. nobilis subsp. sipylea (O.Schwarz) Bässler, A. nobilis subsp. kurdica Hub.-Mor., A. filipendulina Lam., A. clypeolata Sm., A. coarctata Poir., A. biebersteinii Afan., and A. cappadocica Hausskn. & Bornm. distributed in Turkey were investigated using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pollen grains were oblate-spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, subprolate and generally tricolporate, though at times tetracolporate or even pentacolporate. The size of the grains varied, ranging …

Entoloma Mushroom Poisonings In Mediterranean Turkey, Mustafa Işiloğlu, Hayrüni̇sa Baş Sermenli̇, Altuğ Şenol, Mehmet İşler

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this study, 4 cases of poisoning by wild mushrooms collected from Burdur province are reported. The specimens have been identified as Entoloma clypeatum (L.) P.Kumm. by examination of their morphology and spores. A description of the taxon and poisoning cases are presented.

A New Onosma (Boraginaceae) Species From Southern Anatolia, Turkey, Zeki̇ Aytaç, Zafer Türkmen

Turkish Journal of Botany

Onosma aksoyii Aytaç & Türkmen sp. nova (Sect. Haplotricha H.Riedl, Boraginaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species. It grows in a Pinus nigra forest on serpentine rocks in Southern Anatolia (Konya province). Diagnostic characters of related species are compared and discussed. The characteristic features of pollen, stomata structure, and hairs were studied using a scanning electron microscope. The distribution map of this new species is presented.

A New Species Of Minuartia (Caryophyllaceae) From Northwestern Anatolia, Turkey, Murat Koç, Ahmet Aksoy, Ergi̇n Hamzaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Minuartia turcica M.Koç (Caryophyllaceae) is described as a new species of sect. Minuartia. The specimens were collected from the village of Yukarıçiftlik in the district of Safranbolu (Karabük Province, Turkey). The new species is similar to Minuartia leucocephaloides, but the differences between the 2 species are discussed in this paper. Descriptions and illustrations are given, as is information on the distribution and conservation status of the new species.

Changes In Anatomical And Physiological Parameters Of Soybean Under Drought Stress, Serdar Makbul, Nesli̇han Saruhan Güler, Nuran Durmuş, Seher Güven

Turkish Journal of Botany

Anatomical changes in the root, stem, and leaf of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Nazlıcan) plants under drought stress were studied by light microscope and their significance was evaluated by numerical analysis. Some anatomical features related to parenchymatous cells, diameter of tracheas belonging to the root, stem, and leaf; stomata index; and size and average number of stomata and epidermal cells were found to be important characters varying in soybean plants under stress. These characters were also statistically significant. Leaf water potential (\Psileaf), root:shoot ratio, total chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance were measured. \Psileaf, total chlorophyll content, and stomatal …

Proteomic Changes During Boron Tolerance In Barley(Hordeum Vulgare) And The Role Of Vacuolar Proton-Translocating Atpase Subunit E, Ahmet Emi̇n Ati̇k, Gönensi̇n Ozan Bozdağ, Ersi̇n Akinci, Alaatti̇n Kaya, Ahmet Koç, Talat Yalçin, Hüseyi̇n Çağlar Karakaya

Turkish Journal of Botany

Boron is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals; however, it can be toxic when present at high concentrations. The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanisms of boron tolerance in the Turkish barley (Hordeum vulgare) Anadolu cultivar. For this purpose, 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to screen differentially expressed proteins for both control and boron-stressed Anadolu barley genotypes. Seven proteins were revealed by 2-DE: 1) ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo large chain), 2) TLP5, a thaumatin-like protein, 3) PR5, a basic pathogenesis-related protein, 4) a RNase S-like protein, 5) a PSI type III chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, 6) a …

Ultrastructural Changes In The Root Tip And Leaf Cells Of Lens Culinaris Treated With Fluazifop-P-Butyl, Özlem Aksoy, Feruzan Dane

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this study, ultrastructural changes in root tip cells and leaf cells of lentil plants treated with 4 different concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) of the herbicide fluazifop-p-butyl (FPB) were determined. The experiments were performed with light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the chlorophyll content of the leaves was determined using spectrophotometric methods. The effect of FPB included alterations in cell walls, nuclei, plastids, cuticle, and epidermis. The obtained results indicate that the herbicide FPB has the ability to cause different kinds of abnormalities in various cell organelles, especially the cell walls in root tips. The effect of …

A New Genus, Turanecio, Of The Asteraceae (Tribe Senecioneae), Ergi̇n Hamzaoğlu, Ümi̇t Budak, Ahmet Aksoy

Turkish Journal of Botany

Turanecio Hamzaoğlu, a new genus of the Asteraceae, is described. Ten species are included, previously referred to Senecio L., Cineraria L., or Iranecio B.Nord. This genus belongs to the "Quadridentate Group" of the subtribe Senecioninae, because of the 4-lobed disc florets. The new genus closely resembles Dolichorrhiza (Pojark.) Galushko, but differs by the thickish rhizome, the short-sagittate anther bases, the style branches with papillate lower surface, and in possessing a persistent pappus. Turanecio is centred in Turkey, with species in the Caucasus, Iran, and Iraq.

Leaf Anatomy Of Agropyron Gaertn. (Gramineae) In Turkey, Dudu Özlem Mavi̇, Musa Doğan, Evren Cabi̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. is represented by 2 subspecies in Turkey, namely subsp. incanum (Nabelek) Melderis and subsp. pectinatum (M.Bieb.) Tzvelev. This study examines the taxonomic significance of the leaf properties of the taxa of Agropyron Gaertn., comprising diagnostic anatomical features obtained from leaf transverse sections as well as leaf surface micromorphology. Results of the study show that most of the characters, such as the shape of the leaf blades; the size and number of stomata; the density, arrangement, and length of macro hairs; and the presence or absence of midrib and bulliform cells are different in the studied samples …

Check-List Of Additional Taxa To The Supplement Flora Of Turkey V, Fatma Neri̇man Özhatay, Şükran Kültür, Münevver Bahar Gürdal

Turkish Journal of Botany

The fifth check-list of the series entitled "Additional taxa to the Flora of Turkey" comprises a total of 249 taxa based on data given in 167 papers, which have been published up until the end of 2010. It provides details of taxa which have not been recorded either in the 11 volumes of Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands or in the 4 previously published supplementary check-lists.

Pollen Morphology Of Sections Siphonomorpha And Lasiostemones Of The Genus Silene From Turkey, Kemal Yildiz, Mehmet Yaşar Dadandi, Ersi̇n Mi̇nareci̇, Ali̇ Hi̇kmet Çirpici

Turkish Journal of Botany

The pollen morphology of 16 taxa belonging to the sections Siphonomorpha Otth and Lasiostemones Boiss. from the genus Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) was examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pollen types among all of the examined taxa were spheroidal; ornamentations were generally microechinate-microperforate (punctate), but perforate in Silene viridiflora L.; structures were mostly tectate but were observed to be semitectate only in S. viridiflora; the highest pore numbers were found in S. fruticosa L. and S. viridiflora; the lowest pore numbers were those of S. gigantea L. subsp. rhodopea (Janka) Greuter and S. marschallii C.A.Mey.; and interpore distance was greatest in …

The Classification And Assessment Of Vegetation For Monitoring Coastal Sand Dune Succession: The Case Of Tuzla In Adana, Turkey, Hali̇l Çakan, Kemal Tulühan Yilmaz, Hakan Alphan, Yüksel Ünlükaplan

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study aimed to provide an assessment of coastal sand dune vegetation through a number of analyses meant to provide a better understanding of the structure of plant communities and the successional stages of coastal sand dunes in a human-induced coastal landscape, the Seyhan Delta in southern Turkey. Therefore, as a baseline data inventory for monitoring, succession and the community-based classification of sand dune vegetation and human impacts were the major concerns of this study. The zonation of coastal sand dune vegetation was also determined within this scope, providing a contemporary assessment of different successional stages. A total of 96 …

The Response Of Banksia Roots To Change In Water Table Level In A Mediterranean-Type Environment, Caroline Canham

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

For phreatophytic plants to persist in a given habitat they need to maintain a functional connection to the water table, and the capacity for roots to respond to changes in the water table is a key aspect of this. If root growth is limited by season, plants may not be able to grow roots to adjust to changes in the water table at a particular time of the year. The redistribution of roots, particularly the capacity for roots to follow the water table down in summer and autumn months, is vital for phreatophytic plants to maintain a functional connection with …

Restoration Of Tall Fescue Pastures To Native Warm Season Grasslands: Does A Fungal Endophyte Symbiosis Play A Role In Restoration Success?, Sarah Lynn Hall

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Tall fescue, a cool-season grass native to Europe, central Asia, and northern Africa, has been widely distributed throughout the U.S. for use as turf and forage. Following its widespread planting, its ability to associate with a toxic fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum, was discovered. Research has linked this fescue-endophyte association with increased biotic and abiotic stress resistance in endophyte-infected (E+) versus endophyte-free (E-) plants, and these differences may affect the ability of land managers to eradicate tall fescue and restore native grasslands. I conducted three studies to examine whether E+ tall fescue plants respond differently to management than E- plants, …

Intermediate Steps Of Loline Alkaloid Biosynthesis, Jerome Ralph Faulkner

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Epichloë species and their anamorphs, Neotyphodium species, are fungal endophytes that inhabit cool-season grasses and often produce bioprotective alkaloids. These alkaloids include lolines, which are insecticidal and insect feeding deterrents. Lolines are exo-1-aminopyrrolizidines with an oxygen bridge between carbons 2 and 7, and are usually methylated and formylated or acetylated on the 1-amine. In previously published studies lolines were shown to be derived from the amino acids L-proline and L-homoserine. In addition the gene cluster involved in loline-alkaloid biosynthesis has also been characterized. In this dissertation a survey of plant-endophyte symbioses revealed a phenotype with only N-acetylnorloline. This …

Using Manual Defoliation To Simulate Soybean Rust: Effect On Growth And Yield Formation, Abdullah Mohammad Aqeel

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Field experiments were conducted in Kentucky and Louisiana in 2008 and 2009 (split-plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications) to investigate it is possible to simulate with manual defoliation the effect of soybean rust (SBR) (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. and P. Syd) injury on a healthy soybean [Glycine max, (L.) Merr.] canopy, understand how defoliation affects the growth dynamics and canopy light interception, and if defoliation affectsleaf senescence and nitrogen remobilization during the seed-filling period. Two manual defoliation treatments based on changes in effective leaf area index (ELAI) (calculated as the reduction in leaf area …

Conceptualizing And Improving Red Wine Grape Cultivars Grown In Kentucky, Matthew Simson

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Wine sensory attributes are associated with quality of wines. Cabernet Franc did not possess good coloration of its wine. Therefore, in the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons, studies including the sampling of four red wine grape cultivars from the end of flowering throughout the rest of the season and applying treatments to Cabernet Franc grapevines at veraison were commenced to address suitability and color enhancement, respectively. The study examining Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chambourcin, and Norton looked at sampling their grapes at two-week intervals from times post-flowering to understand the demands of each cultivar during key stages of berry development, …

Small Mammal Populations In Switchgrass Stands Managed For Biomass Production Compared To Hay And Corn Fields In Kentucky, Laura Mary Jane Schwer

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), a native warm-season grass, has been investigated as a renewable energy crop that may provide viable wildlife habitat. This study investigated small mammal populations in switchgrass, hay, and corn to assess the relative habitat quality. Four, three-night trapping sessions were conducted at four locations in Kentucky using Sherman livetraps. Trapping occurred in spring (before first hay harvest), summer, fall (before switchgrass and corn harvest), and winter (post-harvest). Relative abundance of small mammals, calculated using a capture per unit effort index (per 100 trapnights), and mean taxonomic richness were used to compare habitats. Switchgrass had a …