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The Relationship Between Male Moth Density And Female Mating Success In Invading Populations Of Lymantria Dispar, Patrick C. Tobin, Ksenia S. Onufrieva, Kevin W. Thorpe

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The successful establishment of non-native species in new areas can be affected by many factors including the initial size of the founder population. Populations comprised of fewer individuals tend to be subject to stochastic forces and Allee effects (positive-density dependence), which can challenge the ability of small founder populations to establish in a new area. Although the conceptual relationship between initial colony size and establishment success has been previously documented, it is not trivial to estimate precisely the colony size needed to ensure colony persistence. Over the last 40 years, there have been many studies on the probability of mating …

A Detrimental Soil Disturbance Prediction Model For Ground-Based Timber Harvesting, Derrick A. Reeves, Matthew C. Reeves, Ann M. Abbott, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, Mark D. Coleman

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Soil properties and forest productivity can be affected during ground-based harvest operations and site preparation. The degree of impact varies widely depending on topographic features and soil properties. Forest managers who understand site-specific limits to ground-based harvesting can alter harvest method or season to limit soil disturbance. To determine the potential areal extent of detrimental (potentially plant growth limiting) soil disturbance based on site characteristics and season of harvest, we developed a predictive model based on soil monitoring data collected from 167 groundbased harvest units. Data collected included dominant site parameters (e.g., slope, aspect, soil texture, and landtype), harvest season, …

A Synoptic Review Of U.S. Rangelands A Technical Document Supporting The Forest Service 2010 Rpa Assessment, Matthew Clark Reeves, John E. Mitchell

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 requires the USDA Forest Service to conduct assessments of resource conditions. This report fulfills that need and focuses on quantifying extent, productivity, and health of U.S. rangelands. Since 1982, the area of U.S. rangelands has decreased at an average rate of 350,000 acres per year owed mostly to conversion to agricultural and residential land uses. Nationally, rangeland productivity has been steady over the last decade, but the Rocky Mountain Assessment Region appears to have moderately increased productivity since 2000. The forage situation is positive and, from a national perspective, U.S. rangelands can probably …

Fish And Other Aquatic Resource Trends In The United States A Technical Document Supporting The Forest Service 2010 Rpa Assessment, Andrew J. Loftus, Curtis H. Flather

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974 requires periodic assessments of the status and trends in the Nation’s renewable natural resources including fish and other aquatic species and their habitats. Data from a number of sources are used to document trends in habitat quality, populations, resource use, and patterns of imperilment among aquatic fauna. Freshwater habitat quality varied widely across the United States. Nationwide, more than half of monitored lakes were ranked in good condition, but the percentage ranged from a high of 91 percent in the upper Midwest to a low of 1 percent in …

Nebraska’S Forest Resources, 2012, Dacia M. Meneguzzo, Chuck Barnett

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This publication provides an overview of forest resource attributes for Nebraska based on an annual inventory conducted by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program at the Northern Research Station of the U.S. Forest Service. These estimates, along with web-posted core tables, will be updated annually. For more information please refer to page 5 of this report.

Profitable Farms And Woodlands: A Practical Guide In Agroforestry For Landowners, Farmers And Ranchers, J. O. Idassi

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This handbook is part of an interdisciplinary, interinstitutional and comprehensive effort to develop a practical guide to assist underserved and limited resource small farmers and woodland owners to adopt best management technologies in agroforestry. Funding for this effort was provided through the USDA National Agroforestry Center (NAC) from the US Forest Service and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) under cooperative agreement number 68-7482-7-361 with Tennessee State University, Cooperative Extension Program and the 1890/1862 Agroforestry Team.

This guide was prepared by an agroforestry team of research and extension specialists from the 1862 and 1890 Land Grant Universities in collaboration with …

Agroforestry: Accounting For Windbreak's Climate Change Contributions, Michele Schoeneberger, Jim Brandle, Xinhua Zhou, John Kort, Tom Sauer

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Mutagenesis-Derived Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance Locus In Wheat, Jackie Campbell, Hongtao Zhang, Michael J. Giroux, Leila Feiz, Yue Jin, Meinan Wang, Xianming Chen, Li Huang

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Wheat leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, and powdery mildew caused by the fungal pathogens Puccinia triticina, P. graminis f. sp. tritici, P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, and Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, respectively, are destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. Breeding durable disease resistance cultivars rely largely on continually introgressing new resistance genes, especially the genes with different defense mechanisms, into adapted varieties. Here, we describe a new resistance gene obtained by mutagenesis. The mutant, MNR220 (mutagenesis-derived new resistance), enhances resistance to three rusts and powdery mildew, with the characteristics of delayed disease …

Development And Application Of Methods Used To Source Prehistoric Southwestern Maize: A Review, Larry Benson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Archaeological cobs free of mineral contaminants should be used to source the soils in which they were grown. Mineral contaminants often contain much higher concentrations of metals than vegetal materials and can alter a cob’s apparent metal and heavy-isotope content. Cleaning a cob via immersion in an acid solution for more than a few minutes will result in the incongruent and sometimes complete leaching of metals, including strontium (Sr), from the cob. When using ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr to determine the location of potential agriculture fields, it is best to either integrate several depth-integrated soil samples or to integrate several …

Molecular Phylogenetics Of Alternanthera (Gomphrenoideae, Amaranthaceae): Resolving A Complex Taxonomic History Caused By Different Interpretations Of Morphological Characters In A Lineage With C4 And C3-C4 Intermediate Species, Ivonne Sánchez-Del Pino, Timothy J. Motley, Thomas Borsch

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Aternanthera (Amaranthaceae) is a diverse genus (80-200 species) largely restricted to the American Tropics. With Pedersenia and Tidestromia, it makes up the Alternantheroid clade in Gomphrenoideae. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of nucleotide sequences of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (rpl16, trnL-F) and morphological characters identify that the capitate stigma of Alternanthera is a synapomorpy within the Alternantheroids. Within Alternanthera, two major clades were resolved, both of which were marked by otherwise homoplasious characters of the gynoecium: Clade A [99% jackknife (JK); 1.0 posterior probability (PP)] with nine species and Clade B (60% JK; 0.98 PP) with 22 …

Biomass Yield And Nutrient Removal Rates Of Perennial Grasses Under Nitrogen Fertilization, M. K. Kering, T. J. Butler, J. T. Biermacher, John A. Guretzky

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Perennial grasses may provide a renewable source of biomass for energy production. Biomass yield, nutrient concentrations, and nutrient removal rates of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), giant miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), giant reed (Arundo donax L.), weeping lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Shrad.) Nees], kleingrass (Panicum coloratum L.), and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) were evaluated at four N fertilizer rates (0, 56, 112, or 168 kg Nha⁻¹) on a Minco fine sandy loam soil in southern Oklahoma. Species were established in 2008 and harvested for biomass in winter of 2009 and 2010. Biomass …

The Effect Of Integrated Weed Management Strategies On Weed Populations And Biomass, Pasture Productivity, Economic Returns, And Forage Quality With And Without Grazing, Joshua Allen Tolson

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Field studies examined the strategies of mowing, herbicide, fertility, and all combinations on tall ironweed populations, weed biomass, pasture yield, grazing, economics, and forage quality at three Kentucky locations. Mowing was performed in July 2008 and 2009, herbicide applied in August 2008, and fertilizer applied in September 2008 and 2009 at all locations. Weed populations were measured in 2008, 2009, and 2010, and forage and weed biomass collected in May or June of 2009 and 2010. Herbicide treatments reduced weed biomass at all locations, and reduced tall ironweed stems by 64% or greater in 2009 at all locations. Weed biomass …

Enantioselective Demethylation: The Key To The Nornicotine Enantiomeric Composition In Tobacco Leaf, Bin Cai

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Nicotine and nornicotine are the two main alkaloids that accumulate in Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco), and nornicotine is the N-demethylation metabolite of nicotine. Nicotine is synthesized in the root, and probably primarily in the root tip. Both nicotine and nornicotine exist as two isomers that differ from each other by the orientation of H atom at the C-2' position on the pyrrolidine ring. (S)-nicotine is the dominant form in tobacco leaf and the enantiomer fraction of nicotine (EF_nic), the fraction of (R)-enantiomer over the total nicotine, is approximately 0.002. Despite considerable efforts to elucidate nicotine and nornicotine …

Evaluation Of Vascular Changes In Cattle Relative To Time-Off Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue, Jessica R. Bussard

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Twenty-four steers were grazed on endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum)-infected [[Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh]; E+] tall fescue (TF) and exposed to ergot alkaloids for an 106-d grazing period. Cattle were removed from pasture, placed in dry lots, and fed a non-toxic diet to evaluate changes in vascular contraction relative to time-off E+ TF pasture. Lateral saphenous veins (SV) were biopsied from steers at 0-, 21-, 42-, and 63-d off TF pasture and from 6 control steers at 0- and 63-d off bermudagrass (BG) pasture. To evaluate contractile response, biopsied SV were exposed to increasing concentrations of ergotamine in a multimyograph. Cross-sectional scans …

Evaluating Streamside Management Zone Effectiveness In Forested Watersheds Of The Cumberland Plateau, Emma Lela Witt

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Headwater stream systems are important components of the overall hydrologic system. Forestry best management practices (BMP) are effective at minimizing non point source pollution from forest harvesting activities. Streamside management zones (SMZ) are one BMP used to protect surface water quality by maintaining shade near streams, filtering runoff, and minimizing soil disturbance near streams. An evaluation of BMP effectiveness on the watershed scale was conducted at the University of Kentucky’s Robinson Forest. Six watersheds were harvested using a two-age deferment harvest with one of three SMZ configurations applied to each watershed. Two unharvested watersheds served as controls.

Treatment 1 was …

Trait Convergence And Plasticity Among Native And Invasive Species In Resource-Poor Environments, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, Albina Khasanova, Jeremy J. James

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Premise of study: Functional trait comparisons provide a framework with which to assess invasion and invasion resistance. However, recent studies have found evidence for both trait convergence and divergence among coexisting dominant native and invasive species. Few studies have assessed how multiple stresses constrain trait values and plasticity, and no study has included direct measurements of nutrient conservation traits, which are critical to plants growing in low-resource environments.

Methods: We evaluated how nutrient and water stresses affect growth and allocation, water potential and gas exchange, and nitrogen (N) allocation and use traits among a suite of six codominant species from …

Modifying Crops To Increase Cell Wall Digestibility, Hans-Joachim G. Jung, Deborah A. Samac, Gautam Sarath

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Improving digestibility of roughage cell walls will improve ruminant animal performance and reduce loss of nutrients to the environment. The main digestibility impediment for dicotyledonous plants is highly lignified secondary cell walls, notably in stem secondary xylem, which become almost non-digestible. Digestibility of grasses is slowed severely by lignification of most tissues, but these cell walls remain largely digestible. Cell wall lignification creates an access barrier to potentially digestible wall material by rumen bacteria if cells have not been physically ruptured. Traditional breeding has focused on increasing total dry matter digestibility rather than cell wall digestibility, which has resulted in …

Analysis Of Off-Grid Hybrid Wind Turbine/Solar Pv Water Pumping Systems, Brian D. Vick, Byron A. Neal

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

While many remote water pumping systems exist (e.g. mechanical windmills, solar photovoltaic, wind-electric, diesel powered), few combine both the wind and solar energy resources to possibly improve the reliability and the performance of the system. In this paper, off-grid wind turbine (WT) and solar photovoltaic (PV) array water pumping systems were analyzed individually and combined as a hybrid system. The objectives were to determine: (1) advantages or disadvantages of using a hybrid system over using a WT or a solar PV array alone; (2) if the WT or solar PV array interfered with the output of the other; and (3) …

First Report Of Strobilurin Resistance In Cercospora Beticola In Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris) In Michigan And Nebraska, Usa, W.W. Kirk, L.E. Hanson, G.D. Franc, W.L. Stump, E. Gachango, G. Clark, J. Stewart

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. is the most important foliar disease of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) worldwide (Jacobsen & Franc, 2009). CLS is controlled mainly with fungicides, including strobilurins (FRAC group 11). Resistance to strobilurins in C. beticola has not been reported in the field (Secor et al., 2010) but insensitive mutations have been artificially developed (Malandrakis et al., 2011). In 2011, fields from several areas in Michigan, USA treated with strobilurins had severe CLS and diminished control was also noted in small plot trials (Fig. 1). Individual leaf spot lesions were sampled from …

Nuisance Flies On Australian Cattle Feedlots: Immature Populations, Jerome Hogsette, R. Urech, P.E. Green, A. Skerman, M.M. Elson-Harris, R.L. Bright, G.W. Brown

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Species composition, seasonality and distribution of immature fly populations on a southern Queensland feedlot during 2001–2003 were determined. Similar data were collected on feedlots in central New South Wales and central Queensland. The fly species recovered in the highest numbers were Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae) and Physiphora clausa Macquart (Diptera: Ulidiidae). Houseflies were the dominant species at all feedlots. Houseflies preferred the warmer months from October to June, but stable flies preferred the cooler months and peaked in spring (September–November) and autumn (March–May). Larval abundance ratings recorded in the feedlot and numbers of larvae …

Efficacy Of A Novel Molecular Tool In Silencing Arabidopsis Genes, Chase Purnell, Vibha Srivastava, M. Aydin Akbudak, Scott J. Nicholson

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

RNA interference (RNAi), a pathway capable of silencing genes, has until recently only been achievable in the laboratory by the use of one method, expression of inverted repeat sequences of DNA. These constructs generate a double-stranded RNA, which in turn induce post-transcriptional silencing of other genes that bear sequence homology with the transgene. This approach of targeted gene silencing is extremely useful for studying the function of genes and engineering new traits in both plants and animals. It has recently been discovered that a transgene lacking the polyadenylation signal, called a truncated transgene, is also capable of inducing RNAi in …

2012 Wildflower Of The Year: Partridge Berry, Mitchella Repens, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

Although partridge berry is a small and creeping herb, its jewel-like beauty rewards attentive naturalists year-round.

Light Management Important Factor For Partridge Berry, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

Factors essential for plant life include adequate levels of light, moisture, mineral nutrients, and temperature; though the list is small, each is crucial for survival. This article is a contemplation of how one of these critical factors, light, impacts the biology of our 2012 Wildflower of the Year, Mitchella repens, partridge berry. Aside from issues of reproductive biology, ecological literature on partridge berry is meager. Consequently most of what follows is derived from general works on woodland ecology, perusal of which provides sufficient insight about the biology of Mitchella to inspire ideas worthy of further study.

Chapter 4 - Aquaria, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 5: Uses

Explore the contents of Bryophyte Ecology, Volume 5, Chapter 4 - Aquaria by clicking the link above. For the Contents section of this ebook, as well as Volumes 1 through 5, please visit the Bryophyte Ecology Main Page.

Use CTRL+F to easily search within PDF files.

Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.

Lectotypification, Description, And Distribution Of Arabis Deflexa (Cruciferae), Bi̇rol Mutlu, Sadik Eri̇k

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this paper, a lectotype for Arabis deflexa Boiss. is designated, and detailed morphological properties and differences between related taxa and a distribution map are given. Furthermore, an IUCN threat category is proposed.

Rugaspermum Minuta - A New Species Of The Seed Genus Rugaspermum From The Triassic Of Nidpur, India, Nupur Bhowmik, Shabnam Parveen

Turkish Journal of Botany

This paper provides a description of a new species of Rugaspermum D.D.Pant & Basu, R. minuta Bhowmik & Parveen, from the Nidpur Triassic beds. The dispersed seeds were recovered after macerating large chunks of shale in hydrofluoric acid. The structurally preserved compressed seed is platyspermic, orthotropus, and oval- to barrel-shaped with a short beak-like micropyle. The surfaces of the seeds are wrinkled and there is a wide lateral ridge running from the apex to the base on both the obverse and reverse sides. Upon maceration, the seed yielded 4 membranes: outer, inner, nucellar, and megaspore membranes. The outer cuticle of …

Epiphytic Lichen Diversity On Quercus Cerris And Q. Frainetto In The Marmara Region (Turkey), Seyhan Oran, Şule Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Botany

The epiphytic diversity of lichens associated with Quercus cerris L. and Quercus frainetto Ten. were investigated in 21 localities of the Marmara region. A total of 106 taxa belonging to 49 genera were reported on Q. cerris and Q. frainetto, and 16 of those taxa were recorded for the first time in the Marmara region. The number of lichen species found on Q. cerris was 83, while 85 taxa were found on Q. frainetto. Several differences regarding the lichen taxa were found in these 2 oaks species even though they were growing in the same habitat and in the same …

Effect Of Silicon On Plant Growth And Drought Stress Tolerance, Kaerlek W. Janislampi

Publications

Silicon is not considered an essential nutrient, but it is typically abundant in soils and can be taken up in large amounts by plants. Silicon is known to have beneficial effects when added to rice and several other plants. These effects include disease and insect resistance, structural fortification, and regulation of the uptake of other ions. In this study, the effect of silicic acid fertilization on the growth and drought tolerance of four crop plants (corn, wheat, soybean, and rice) was analyzed. Plants were studied using three cultivation techniques: 1) hydroponic solution and subjected to salt stress, 2) low-silicon soil-less …

Floristic Lichen Records From Kemaliye District (Erzincan) And Van Province, Yalçin Karagöz, Ali̇ Aslan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Numerous lichen specimens from 32 locations in Kemaliye District of Erzincan Province and 4 locations in Van Province were examined. In total 144 lichens, including 5 varieties, 2 subspecies and 4 forms, in 47 genera were identified. Acarospora lavicola J.Steiner, Adelolecia kolaensis (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold, and Arthonia apotheciorum (A. Massal.) Almq. were found to be new for Turkey. All identified taxa, excluding the ones mentioned above, are new for Kemaliye and 101 taxa are new for Erzincan Province.

Growth And Photochemical Responses Of Three Crop Species Treated With Textile Azo Dyes, Nuran Çi̇çek, Banu Efeoğlu, Deni̇z Tanyolaç, Yasemi̇n Ekmekçi̇, Reto Jörg Strasser

Turkish Journal of Botany

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of textile dye on the early seedling stage of 3 crops: barley, maize, and wheat. Seeds were imbibed in different concentrations of textile dye for 12 h and were then grown in a controlled growth room for 8 days with a related dye solution. Some growth and polyphasic chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured and analysed to appraise the effect of textile dye on the 3 crops. Although different crop species showed differences in response to different concentrations, textile dye generally affected almost all radicle growth parameters more adversely than coleoptile growth …