Digital Commons Network^™

Water And Nutrient Reuse Within Closed Hydroponic Systems, Emerson Christie

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Currently, little research exists on the maintenance of individual nutrient balance within the nutrient solutions of closed hydroponic systems and how this maintenance may result in reductions in water and nutrient consumption. In this study, a nutrient solution management procedure was developed to maintain outputs while minimizing inputs. Lactuca sativa (lettuce) crops were grown in six closed hydroponic systems utilizing the nutrient film technique. Electrical conductivity was used as the primary indicator of nutrient solution quality and determined if the nutrient solution was discarded and replaced (control systems) or restored (test systems). Restorations in test systems were made individually to …

New Lauraceous Species From The Siwalik Forest Of Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya, And Their Palaeoclimatic And Palaeogeographic Implications, Mahasin Ali Khan, Subir Bera

Turkish Journal of Botany

Leaf remains of 4 lauraceous taxa collected from the Siwalik sediments (Middle Miocene to Pliocene) of Arunachal Pradesh of eastern Himalaya are described in the present communication. One fossil leaf, Cinnamomum palaeobejolghota sp. nov., was recovered from the lower part of the Siwalik succession (Dafla Formation; Middle to Upper Miocene), while Persea mioparviflora sp. nov., Persea preglaucescens sp. nov., and Lindera neobifaria sp. nov. were collected from the middle part of the Siwalik succession (Subansiri Formation; Pliocene) of Arunachal sub-Himalaya. The geographic distribution of the fossils and their modern counterparts is discussed and on that basis tropical vegetation under warm …

Molecular Phylogeny Of Chlorella-Related Chlorophytes (Chlorophyta) From Anatolian Freshwaters Of Turkey, Özgür Baytut, Cem Tolga Gürkanli, Ari̇f Gönülol, İbrahi̇m Özkoç

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study aimed to investigate molecular taxonomic diversity of unicellular chlorophyte strains in the northern Anatolian freshwater habitats of Turkey. Five strains were isolated from various habitats i.e. salty lagoons, shallow lakes, or slow-flowing creeks. The habitats chosen were Cernek lagoon (Kızılırmak Delta, Samsun), Kara lake (Çubuk, Ankara), Sarıkum lagoon (Sinop), and Sırakaraağaçlar creek (Sinop). Although the observations based on light microscopy showed no significant differences in cell morphologies, phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of nuclear 18S rDNA and chloroplast 16S rDNA regions suggested that our isolates are related to 3 chlorophyte species: Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck (S705, S706, and …

Identification Of A Sphingolipid Α-Glucuronosyltransferase That Is Essential For Pollen Function In Arabidopsis, Emilie A. Rennie, Berit Ebert, Godfrey P. Miles, Rebecca E. Cahoon, Katy M. Christiansen, Solomon Stonebloom, Hoda Khatab, David Twell, Christopher J. Petzold, Paul D. Adams, Paul Dupree, Joshua L. Heazlewood, Edgar B. Cahoon, Henrik Vibe Scheller

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramide (GIPC) sphingolipids are a major class of lipids in fungi, protozoans, and plants. GIPCs are abundant in the plasma membrane in plants, comprising around a quarter of the total lipids in these membranes. Plant GIPCs contain unique glycan decorations that include a conserved glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue and various additional sugars; however, no proteins responsible for glycosylating GIPCs have been identified to date. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana protein INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE1 (IPUT1) transfers GlcA from UDP-GlcA to GIPCs. To demonstrate IPUT1 activity, we introduced the IPUT1 gene together with genes for a UDP-glucose dehydrogenase …

Identification Of Differentially Expressed Genes Between Sorghum Genotypes With Contrasting Nitrogen Stress Tolerance By Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling, Malleswari Gelli, Yongchao Duo, Anji Reddy Konda, Chi Zhang, David R. Holding, Ismail M. Dweikat

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Sorghum is an important cereal crop, which requires large quantities of nitrogen fertilizer for achieving commercial yields. Identification of the genes responsible for low-N tolerance in sorghum will facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of low-N tolerance, and also facilitate the genetic improvement of sorghum through marker-assisted selection or gene transformation. In this study we compared the transcriptomes of root tissues from seven sorghum genotypes having differential response to low-N stress.

Results: Illumina RNA-sequencing detected several common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between four low-N tolerant sorghum genotypes (San Chi San, China17, KS78 and high-NUE bulk) and three …

Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia Trifida) Control In Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean, Simranpreet Kaur, Lowell D. Sandell, John L. Lindquist, Amit J. Jhala

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed is one of the most competitive weeds of agronomic crops in the United States. Early emergence and rapid growth rate makes giant ragweed a competitive weed early in the season and reduces crop yields. Therefore, early spring control of giant ragweed using a preplant herbicide is critical. Glufosinate is an alternative POST herbicide for weed control in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Field experiments were conducted at David City, NE, in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the efficacy of preplant herbicides followed by glufosinate applied alone or in tank mixes for control of glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Preplant …

Grassland Sustainability In Kentucky: Case Studies Quantifying The Effects Of Climate Change On Slug Herbivory In Pastures And Different Home Lawn Systems On Turf Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Daniel Adam Weber

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Grasslands comprise the greatest biome by land area, are sensitive to environmental factors affected by climate change, and can impact future climate change through their ability to store and release greenhouse gasses (GHGs). I performed two studies: 1) evaluated the effects of increased temperature and precipitation on slug herbivory/abundance and pasture forage production; 2) quantified different homeowner lawn system effects on soil-to-atmosphere GHG emissions. Climate change will likely affect pasture forage production, with implications for slug herbivory and abundance. I found little evidence that slugs have or will have significant effects on pasture production or plant community. Warming altered the …

Understanding The Role Of Membrane Localized Ugt80b1 Encoding For Udp-Glucose: Sterol Glucosyltransferase In Plant Development, Meera Nair

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Sterols have been identified as major components of membrane lipids that are part of specialized membrane domains necessary for organizing events such as polar protein targeting and signal transduction in plants, fungi and animals. However a common modification of sterols is the addition of sugar moieties via glycosylation abundantly found in plants. An exact physiological role for such diversification of sterols in plants is still unknown. Using reverse genetics and transcriptomics we show that UDP-glucose: sterol glucosyltransferase encoded by UGT80B1 is necessary for correct epidermal patterning in Arabidopsis root. Patterning of hair cells (trichoblasts) and non-hair cells (atrichoblasts) in the …

A Revision Of Centaurea Sect. Centaurea (Asteraceae) From Iran, Massoud Ranjbar, Kazem Negaresh

Turkish Journal of Botany

A taxonomic review of Centaurea L. sect. Centaurea (Asteraceae) in Iran was carried out. Seven taxa are recognized and 1 of them is described as a new species: Centaurea joharchii Ranjbar & Negaresh. This new species has been described and illustrated from Khorasan Province, SE Iran. A new combination is proposed: C. kermanshahensis (Wagenitz) Ranjbar & Negaresh. In addition, C. aggregata Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex DC. subsp. aggregata is typified and C. diffusa Lam. is reported here as a new record for Iran. Finally, a key to all species of the section Centaurea in Iran is provided.

Investigation Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids In Foods Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Caroline Griffin

Theses

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) are known plant toxins which can cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD) in both humans and livestock when ingested. Although PAs are primarily known for their hepatotoxicity they also induce genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and pneumotoxicity. PAs are consumed through plants as food, for medicinal purposes, or as contaminants of agricultural crops. Aside from ingesting the plants directly PA exposure may occur through the consumption of honey produced by bees that visit PA-containing plants or by drinking milk produced by animals that have consumed PA-containing plants. Possible PA contamination in our food chain is a potential health risk.

To assess …

The Vascular Flora Of Garrard County, Kentucky, William Overbeck

Online Theses and Dissertations

Garrard County, Kentucky, was the subject of a floristic study conducted from 2010 to 2013. The study documented 961 species in 494 genera and 137 families. Garrard County encompasses 60,570 hectares in central Kentucky and includes parts of both the Bluegrass Section and the Knobs-Norman Upland of the Interior Low Plateaus. Permitted collecting at The Felix Reynolds Prairie, The Nature Conservancy's Sally Brown and Crutcher Preserve, Tom Dorman State Nature Preserve, and Maywoods Environmental and Educational Laboratory was coordinated with state and private conservation agencies. Two plant communities known to occur in the county, Limestone/Dolomite Prairie and Bluegrass Mesophytic Cane …

Life Cycle Versus Systematic Placement: Phylogenetic And Cytogenetic Studies In Annual Artemisia (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), Jaume Pellicer, Oriane Hidalgo, Teresa Garnatje, Katsuhiko Kondo, Joan Vallès

Turkish Journal of Botany

Artemisia L. comprises ca. 20 annual species out of ca. 500, which are distributed mainly across the Old World grades, accounting for multiple independent acquisitions of annual habit throughout the evolutionary history of the genus. This makes Artemisia an interesting subject for the study of plant life cycle evolution in a phylogenetic context and its consequences at genomic level. The main aim of this phylogenetic analysis was to circumscribe 17 of the annual representatives within the major lineages of Artemisia. Genome size has been assessed and ancestral values reconstructed on the tree. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) has also been …

The Molecular Characterization And Expression Analyses Of Ethylene Receptor Genes From Watermelon Fruit, Yaşar Karakurt, Muhammet Tonguç, Hali̇me Ünlü

Turkish Journal of Botany

Watermelon fruit is very sensitive to ethylene, showing rapid deterioration and water-soaking upon ethylene exposure. The objective of this study was to isolate and determine the expressions of ethylene receptor genes in watermelon fruit. As a result of PCR amplification of cDNAs obtained via RT-PCR of total RNA from watermelon fruit with degenerate primers, 3 partial cDNAs were obtained. After extension of the 3' and 5' ends of the cDNAs via 3' and 5' RACE analysis, 3 full-length genes designated as CL-ETR1, CL-ERS1, and CL-ETR2 were obtained. Upon cloning and sequencing, it was determined that the CL-ETR1, CL-ERS1, and CL-ETR2 …

Plastid And Nuclear Genomic Resources Of A Relict And Endangered Plant Species: Chamaedaphne Calyculata (L.) Moench (Ericaceae), Monika Szczecinska, Angelika Gomolinska, Piotr Szkudlarz, Jakub Sawicki

Turkish Journal of Botany

Chamaedaphne calyculata, one of the largest shrubs in the family Ericaceae, is native to boreal zones of the northern hemisphere. The complete nucleotide sequence of the Chamaedaphne plastid genome was determined in the present study. The genome is a circular double-stranded DNA molecule 176,744 bp in length, that includes the typical large single-copy (LSC), small single-copy, and 2 inverted repeats (IR) regions. The C. calyculata plastid genome contains 113 genes, excluding the second IR region. A comparative analysis revealed that the plastid genome organization of the Chamaedaphne plastome is almost identical to that of Vaccinium macrocarpon, the first sequenced chloroplast …

Reproduction And Diversity Of The Endangered Salix Lapponum L. Populations In Eastern Poland, Magdalena Pogorzelec, Katarzyna Glebocka, Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak, Marzena Parzymies

Turkish Journal of Botany

The main aim of the study was to increase the knowledge on the ecology and biology of the boreal relict Salix lapponum L., an endangered plant in Poland, in order to create an effective protection program. An important aspect was to determine the within- and among-population genetic diversity of the studied species in order to evaluate whether the basic stages of the generative reproduction cycle in the populations were correct. The results confirmed that S. lapponum pollen viability and germinability, for both fresh and stored pollen, were high and so were the seed germination ability and dynamics. All individuals were …

Low-Copy Nuclear Gene And Mcgish Resolves Polyploid History Of Eleusine Coracana And Morphological Character Evolution In Eleusine, Qing Liu, Bin Jiang, Jun Wen, Paul Michael Peterson

Turkish Journal of Botany

Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. (finger millet) is the third most important cereal crop in semiarid regions of the world, but the degree of relatedness of finger millet with other species in the genus is unverified. The study of morphological character evolution in Eleusine Gaertn. has lagged behind due to lack of relevant research. Polyploidy history of finger millet was analyzed using waxy sequences together with multicolor genomic in situ hybridization (McGISH). In the waxy phylogenetic tree, sequences of 2 homoeologous loci were isolated from 3 tetraploids: Eleusine coracana, E. africana Kenn.-O'Byrne, and E. kigeziensis S.M.Phillips. The 3 species grouped with …

The Role Of Mn-Sod And Fe-Sod Genes In The Response To Low Temperature In Chs Mutants Of Arabidopsis, Zahra Gharari, Ramazanali Khavari Nejad, Reza Shekaste Band, Farzane Najafi, Mohammad Nabiuni, Saeed Irian

Turkish Journal of Botany

To determine whether the expression of iron superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) increase superoxide-scavenging capacity, and thereby improve the survival rate of chilling sensitive (chs) mutants of Arabidopsis, 4 chs mutant (chs1-1, chs1-2, chs2-1, and chs2-2) and wild-type plants were grown under low (chilling, 13 °C; cold, 4 °C) and normal growth (23 °C) temperatures. Photosynthetic parameters were investigated following treatment with chilling, cold, and normal growth conditions. Chlorophyll content and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) were reduced in plants grown at chilling stress. The degree of chilling sensitivity of chs1 mutant plants was …

Modulation Of Osmotic Adjustment And Enzymatic Antioxidant Profiling In Apera Intermedia Exposed To Salt Stress, Evren Yildiztugay, Ceyda Özfi̇dan Konakçi, Mustafa Küçüködük, Yağmur Duran

Turkish Journal of Botany

The effects of salinity on growth, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidative responses were evaluated in Apera intermedia. For this purpose, 30-day-old plants were irrigated every other day with Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0, 150, 300, or 600 mM NaCl for 7 and 14 days. The results showed inhibition of growth, relative growth rate, relative water content, and osmotic potential with increasing NaCl concentration. Increased Na^+, Cl^-, and Na^{+}/K^+ ratio and decreased K^+ and Ca^{2+} were determined with increasing NaCl concentrations. The activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were conspicuously enhanced at 150 mM NaCl, but activities of catalase, peroxidase, and …

Phytoplankton Functional Groups Provide A Quality Assessment Method By The Q Assemblage Index In Lake Mogan (Turkey), Ayşe Ni̇lsun Demi̇r, Özden Fakioğlu, Berri̇n Dural

Turkish Journal of Botany

The aim of this research is to test the Q phytoplankton assemblage index based on phytoplankton functional groups in Lake Mogan and to provide a quality state estimation by data from 2006. Phytoplankton was sampled at 2 stations of the lake, paralleled with physical (water temperature, Secchi depth, pH, conductivity) and chemical (DO, chlorophyll-\alpha, alkalinity, total hardness, soluble reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, NO_{2}-N, NO_{3}-N, NH_{3}-N) analyses. The Q index was able to follow the main seasonal changes of the physical and chemical parameters and indicated a moderate ecological status for Lake Mogan. Phytoplankton biomass varied between 0.75 and 10.12 mg/L …

Toxicological Evaluation Of Polar And Nonpolar Components Of Isodon Coetsa (Lamiaceae), Sandhya Vincent Neelamkavil, John Ernest Thoppil

Turkish Journal of Botany

Isodon coetsa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Kudo, a perennial herb used in traditional Chinese folk medicines as an antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and antitumour agent, was subjected to toxicity analysis. Cytotoxic screening using the Allium L. assay was done with extracts containing polar and nonpolar compounds as well as with polar compounds alone. Root tips were treated with different concentrations of both the extracts, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1%, for varying time durations (30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h). Extremely significant levels of chromosome abnormality (P < 0.001) were observed with the extracts when compared with the positive control (0.01% methyl parathion), but the extract with polar and nonpolar compounds showed higher abnormality percentage. Not much variation was observed in the mitotic index when compared to the negative control (distilled water). Studies revealed many clastogenic and nonclastogenic abnormalities. The major abnormalities included chromosome fragments, stickiness, ring chromosomes, chromosome bridges, pulverization, binucleate cell, micronucleus, ball metaphase, chromosome laggards, and shift in microtubule organizing center. The results showed that the nonpolar components possessed more clastogenic activity, which can be specifically targeted in order to destroy cancer cells. The toxic activity of extracts also suggests the need of judicious use of I. coetsa in folk medicines.

Melatonin And Other Factors That Promote Rooting And Sprouting Of Shoot Cuttings In Punica Granatum Cv. Wonderful, Eirini Sarrou, Ioannis Therios, Kortessa Dimassi-Theriou

Turkish Journal of Botany

The agricultural and medicinal plant pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Wonderful) was studied to examine the effects of wounding of cuttings and to test the effects of different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), gibberellic acid (GA_{3}), hydrogen peroxide (H_{2}O_{2}), melatonin (MEL), and ascorbic acid (ASC) on rooting of the shoot cuttings under mist. The data indicated that IBA had a positive influence on the rooting percentage in wounded and nonwounded cuttings. The best rooting was achieved with very thin cuttings (3-4 mm in diameter). The percentage of rooting (100.0 ± 0.0) and the number of roots per plant (15.2 ± …

Protein Mobilisation And Proteolytic Activities In Root Tubers Of Asphodelus Aestivus, Serap Kirmizi, Gürcan Güleryüz, Hülya Arslan

Turkish Journal of Botany

We studied protein mobilisation in Asphodelus aestivus Brot. (Liliaceae) during a 1-year period. The activities of 3 proteolytic enzymes, endopeptidase (EP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and carboxypeptidase (CP), together with soluble protein levels and total nitrogen and water content in root tubers were investigated. We found that protein mobilisation continued throughout the year. The highest levels of the 3 proteolytic enzymes were found in different months: LAP in December (1.19 ± 0.19 µmol pNA/g FW), CP in February (14.19 ± 1.13 µmol Leu/g FW), and EP in May (5.18 ± 0.12 U/h). Activities of LAP and CP generally reached their higher …

Growth Response And Soil-Plant Water Relations Of 4 Dominant Psammophyte Species With Soil Moisture In Central Inner Mongolia, Yuanrun Zheng, Lianhe Jiang, Yong Gao, Xi Chen, Geping Luo, Xianwei Feng, Hideyuki Shimizu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Soil-plant water relations are crucial for understanding the mechanisms by which plants adapt to their environments. An experiment was conducted to understand the responses of 4 dominant psammophyte shrub species to different sandy environments. Pots were filled with tap water or sand, and pots planted with different species and filled with sand with and without pot covers were kept in 4 growth cabinets at 15/25 °C and with a water supply of 75 mm per month. Soil water content; dry weights of roots, shoots, and leaves; and leaf area were measured. The relative growth rate (0.039-0.042 g g^{-1} day^{-1}) was …

Phylogeny Of The Genus Potentilla (Rosaceae) In Iran Based On Nrdna Its And Cpdna Trnl-F Sequences With A Focus On Leaf And Style Characters’ Evolution, Marzieh Beygom Faghir, Farideh Attar, Ali Farazmand, Shahrokh Kazempour Osaloo

Turkish Journal of Botany

The present survey reports maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of the genus Potentilla L. in Iran using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the trnL-F intergenic region of chloroplast DNA. A total of 25 taxa from 9 sections, 2 intersectional hybrids, and 4 related genera of Iranian taxa plus 40 previously sequenced data were analyzed for both trnL-F and nrDNA ITS regions. Individual and combined analysis of ITS and trnL/F data revealed monophyly of the genus Potentilla. The Potentilla core group was composed of monophyletic subclades of the sections Persicae (Th.Wolf) Juz., Potentilla, Micranthae …

Treatment With 24-Epibrassinolide Mitigates Nacl-Induced Toxicity By Enhancing Carbohydrate Metabolism, Osmolyte Accumulation, And Antioxidant Activity In Pisum Sativum, Muhammad Adnan Shahid, Rashad Mukhtar Balal, Muhammad Aslam Pervez, Francisco Garcia-Sanchez, Vicente Gimeno, Tahira Abbas, Neil Scott Mattson, Atif Riaz

Turkish Journal of Botany

A pot culture study was performed to evaluate the differences between salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants of tolerant (Climax and Samarina Zard) and sensitive (Ambassidar and PF-400) genotypes, and to determine whether treatment with 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) could enhance the accumulation of osmolytes and antioxidant activity and thereby induce tolerance in salt-stressed plants. Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to +NaCl (5 dS m^-1) and -NaCl conditions (0 dS m^-1). After 4 days of salt stress, the plants were sprayed with Milli-Q water or EBL (0.125 mg L^-1). The plants were sampled at 32 days after sowing and at the final maturity …

Sem Analysis Of The Epibenthic Diatoms On Eudendrium Racemosum (Hydrozoa) From The Mediterranean Sea, Tiziana Romagnoli, Cecilia Totti, Stefano Accoroni, Mario De Stefano, Chiara Pennesi

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this work, the valve fine structure, morphology, and dimensions of the epibenthic diatoms living on the marine hydroid Eudendrium racemosum Cavolini were investigated through SEM analysis. Hydroid samples were collected from the Ligurian Sea (Mediterranean Sea), from October 2002 to October 2003, with monthly frequency, allowing definition of the annual cycle of diatom communities. Following several taxonomic/systematic papers, this floristics paper documents 32 new records of diatoms (13 araphid, 17 biraphid, 2 monoraphid), which have been classified into different growth forms (adnate, erect, motile, tube-dwelling). Moreover, new information on morphologic data and biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea are offered, …

Caryopsis Micromorphological Survey Of The Genus Themeda (Poaceae) And Allied Spathaceous Genera In The Andropogoneae, Yu Zhang, Xiaoying Hu, Yunxiao Liu, Qing Liu

Turkish Journal of Botany

A caryopsis micromorphological survey of 15 species of the genus Themeda Forssk. (Poaceae) and 4 species of allied spathaceous genera in tribe Andropogoneae allowed the recognition of 2 types of caryopses based on the ventral face and embryo shape for the first time. One kind of caryopsis had a concave ventral face with a grooved embryo, and the other kind of caryopsis had a flat ventral face with a keel-shaped embryo. Although the ventral face and embryo shapes had limited taxonomic value at the infrageneric level, the caryopsis shapes, embryo proportion, and sculpturing patterns were found to be valuable taxonomic …

Orthotrichum Pamiricum (Bryophyta), A New Epiphytic Moss Species From Pamir Mountains In Central Asia, Vitezslav Plasek, Jakub Sawicki, Lukas Cihal

Turkish Journal of Botany

Orthotrichum pamiricum Plasek & Sawicki is described as a new species from the western foothills of the Pamir Mountains of the Tajik-Afghan border in Central Asia. It is placed in Orthotrichum Hedw. subg. Pulchella (Schimp.) Vitt. The species is characterized by obtuse leaf apices, cryptoporous stomata, an exostome composed of 8 pairs of the teeth that are recurved when dry, and an endostome with 16 thin and incurved segments. Molecular data indicating the phylogenetic placement of O. pamiricum are also presented.

Molecular Variability Of Plantain Ecotypes From The Genus Musa (Musaceae), Rakeshkumar Choudhary, Raghunath Keshavachandran, Rema Menon, Ganesh Khalekar, Nirbhay Singh, Divya Maruthiyottu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Twelve plantain ecotypes were characterized for molecular variability using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Out of the 60 RAPD and 40 ISSR primers tested, 16 RAPD and 14 ISSR primers were found polymorphic, and were used for molecular profiling of the plantain ecotypes. The average number of bands per primer, average number of polymorphic bands per primer, mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value, resolving power (Rp), and marker indices (MI) for RAPD primers were 8.63, 3.25, 0.87, 15.49, and 2.86, whereas the respective values for the ISSR assay were 7.93, 4.14, 0.85, 12.49, …

Exogenous Proline And Proline-Enriched Lolium Perenne Leaf Extract Protects Against Phytotoxic Effects Of Nickel And Salinity In Pisum Sativum By Altering Polyamine Metabolism In Leaves, Muhammad Adnan Shahid, Rashad Mukhtar Balal, Muhammad Aslam Pervez, Tahira Abbas, Muhammad Anjum Aqeel, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid, Francisco Garcia-Sanchez

Turkish Journal of Botany

Pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) were exposed to NaCl and/or NiCl_2 stress to investigate whether pure proline and Lolium perenne L. (LP) leaf extract could efficaciously protect against the phytotoxicity generated by nickel and/or salinity stress in pea. Both stress factors (salinity and nickel) significantly inhibited growth, total chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO_2 level, relative water content (RWC), and membrane stability index (MSI). However, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, proline, glycine betaine, total free amino acids, total soluble sugars, total phenolic compounds, tocopherol contents, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage were significantly increased. Similarly, free, soluble-conjugated, and insoluble-bound polyamine contents …