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Forage Potential Of Salsola Species In Arid-Saline Rangelands, Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh, Ali Mirhosseini, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Mirza Hasanuzzaman

Turkish Journal of Botany

We investigated the forage potential of 12 Salsola species including S. arbuscula, S. abarghuensis, S. dendroides, S. crassa, S. imbricata, S. incanescens, S. nitraria, S. kerneri, S. orientalis, S. richteri, S. tomentosa, and S. yazdiana in the Southern rangelands of the Great Salt Desert. The results showed a great significant variation among forage quality and quantity of the Salsola species. The greatest fresh and dry forages were obtained in S. yazdiana (4.54 and 1.53 kg m?2, respectively) followed by S. dendroides (3.02 and 1.13 kg m?2, respectively). The S. tomentosa had the greatest ash content by 20.2%, which significantly was …

A New Asperula L. (Rubiaceae) Species From Gypsum Steppes Of Çankırı Province In Turkey, Bi̇lal Şahi̇n, Mehmet Sağiroğlu, Bi̇rol Başer

Turkish Journal of Botany

Asperula cankiriense B.Şahin & Sağıroğlu, a new species discovered in the central Anatolian region of Turkey (Çankırı), is described herein. A. cankiriense is similar to Asperula bornmuelleri Velen. However, A. cankiriense differs mainly in its habitus, stem, leaves, and inflorescence features. In this study, the diagnostic morphological features, distribution, habitat and ecology, etymology, conservation status, and taxonomic features of the new species are discussed. Additionally, pollen micromorphological characteristics of A. cankiriense and A. bornmuelleri are examined and compared using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The pollen grains are subprolate, aperture type 6?7 or rarely 8 zonocolpate …

Genetic Variation And Population Differentiation Of Dorystaechas Hastata Toturkey: Implications For Conservation Management, Ceren Seli̇m, Songül Sever Mutlu, Nedi̇m Mutlu, İsmai̇l Gökhan Deni̇z, Hasan Meydan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Dorystaechas hastata is a relict endemic medicinal and aromatic plant under risk of extinction. Assessment of genetic diversity and association between geographic distribution and genetic variation could benefit to the conservation efforts. The objectives of this study were to assess genetic diversity and population differentiation of the species in its natural habitat. The genetic structure of 56 accessions sampled from 15 populations encompassing whole natural distribution of the species were analyzed with both sequencerelated amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and inter-primer binding site (iPBS) molecular markers. The 146 polymorphic markers were generated by 13 SRAP and 11 iPBS primers. The similarity of …

A New Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae) Species From South Anatolia (Turkey), Ömer Çeçen, Taner Özcan

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this study, a member of sect. Teucrium, hitherto undescribed as a new species, was analyzed based on morphological and micromorphological features and molecular findings. The closest species of the new species were defined according to leaf morphology via morphological characters. Leaf, stem, and nutlet trichome types were obtained and compared with resembling species. Moreover, two different DNA region sequences were used to evaluate its proper phylogenetic position in the section. The new species was described as Teucrium turcicum Çeçen & Özcan based on the results of using different approaches. According to our observations, flower color, leaf structure, and shape …

Metabolite Profiling, Distribution Of Secretory Structures, And Histochemistry Incurculigo Orchioides Gaertn. And Curculigo Latifolia Dryand. Ex W.T.Aiton, Abdul Halim Umar, Diah Ratnadewi, Mohamad Rafi, Yohana C. Sulistyaningsih, Hamim Hamim

Turkish Journal of Botany

Curculigo orchioides and Curculigo latifolia (Hypoxidaceae) have been widely used as traditional medicines in Indonesia and other Asian countries for antihyperglycemic, aphrodisiac, antioxidant, and antimicrobial treatments. This work aimed to determine the distribution of secretory structures and metabolites. Metabolite profiling approach of the plant organs was determined by UHPLC-QOrbitrap-HRMS. Histochemical-based techniques on rhizome, root, petiole, and leaf, with transversal sections on fresh samples, were prepared using a razor blade to determine the secretory structures of the plants, followed by plant anatomy procedures. Histochemical analysis was carried out using several reagents to detect the metabolites. Metabolite profiling revealed several classes of …

Using A Supermatrix Approach To Explore Phylogenetic Relationships, Divergence Times,And Historical Biogeography Of Saxifragales, Cara Tarullo, Jeffrey Rose, Kenneth Sytsma, Bryan T. Drew

Turkish Journal of Botany

The Saxifragales is a morphologically and ecologically diverse clade of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution. Although families and genera within the order exhibit classic biogeographical disjunctions, no studies to date have rigorously examined and described its historical biogeography. Here, we analyze the historical biogeography of Saxifragales by first generating a new chronogram for the order using a supermatrix approach, based on 61 loci from 251 representative members of Saxifragales. Our results suggest that Saxifragales originated in the early Albian approximately 107 Ma and diversified rapidly in the next 15 Ma, with all stem lineages of extant families present by …

Aethionema Aytachii (Brassicaceae): A New Species From Central Anatolia, Turkey, Kuddi̇si̇ Ertuğrul, Ergi̇n Hamzaoğlu, Hakki Demi̇relma, Tuna Uysal, Meryem Bozkurt, Emrah Şi̇ri̇n, Burcu Yilmaz Çitak, I. A. Al-Shehbaz

Turkish Journal of Botany

Aethionema aytachii Ertuğrul & Hamzaoğlu, a new species from central Anatolia that grows on marly hills in the Ayaş district of Ankara Province (Turkey), is described and its relationships and distinguishing characters from the closest relative A. dumanii are discussed. The shape of pollen grains of A. aytachii is tricolpate, and its seed-coat sculpture is verrucate. Sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the new species was used to determine about its phylogenetic relation within Aethionema.

Interactive Effects Of Salinity And Plant Density On The Growth Ofcyperus Arenarius, A Sand Dune Stabilizer, Farhat Agha, Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed, Bilquees Gul, Muhammad Ajmal Khan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Competition and environmental stress are crucial factors for structuring plant population in natural habitats. Cyperus arenarius, a sedge of coastal sand dunes habitat, is a suitable species for coastal restoration and dune stabilization, but how salinity and plant density interact in affecting its growth is still unknown. Here, growth, survival, and physiological responses of C. arenarius to salinity (sea-salt) and plant density were investigated. A set of growth experiments in which combinations of 4 salinity levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 S m-1 sea-salt) and 3 planting densities (2, 5, 8 plants pot-1) were tested under controlled greenhouse conditions. Plant …

Phenolic Content, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, And Toxicological Investigations Oferodium Guttatum (Geraniaceae) Collected From The Northeast Of Morocco, Hanae Naceiri Mrabti, Latifa Doudach, Mohamed Reda Kachmar, Abdelaziz Ed Dra, Zineb Khali, Nidal Naceiri Mrabti, Kaoutar Benrahou Benrahou, Khouloud Harraqui, Gökhan Zengi̇n, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Moulay El Abbes Faouzi

Turkish Journal of Botany

Erodium genus contains several medicinal traditionally used and pharmacologically explored. However, Erodium guttatum has not been well valorized. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of E. guttatum extracts in addition to their toxicity. To achieve the objectives of this study, methanol and aqueous extracts of E. guttatum were prepared. Then, antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932 by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The antioxidant activity was …

A Comparative Study Of Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant And Enzyme Inhibitionactivities Of Oils Extracted From Seeds Of Seven New Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Lines, Ahmed A. A. Abdalla, Sakina Yagi, Gökhan Zengi̇n, Abdelwahab H. Abdallah, Abdirahman Elmi, Rosella Spina, Francois Dupire, Dominique Mattar

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study was aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and chemical profile of seeds oil obtained from new seven sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines as well as their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity. The seeds powder was extracted by maceration in n-hexane. The oil content of the seven lines was ranged from 20.04% to 36.65% and was either yellow or pale yellow in color. No significant variations were observed on the refractive index (1.46 unit) of the oil. Oils of the seven lines were significantly (p ? 0.05) different in their saponification values (32.13-282.66 mg KOH/g oil), peroxide values (1.76-13.26 …

Chloroplast Genome Evolution In The Klebsormidiophyceae And Streptofilum, Sarah Glass

Theses and Dissertations

The Klebsormidiophyceae are a class of green microalgae found globally in both freshwater and terrestrial habitats. Morphology-based classification schemes of this class have been shown to be insufficient, particularly due to the simple morphology of these algae, the tendency of morphology to vary in culture versus in field conditions, and rampant morphological homoplasy. Molecular studies revealing cryptic diversity have renewed interest in this group. We sequenced the complete chloroplast genomes of taxa in the Klebsormidiophyceae representing the known taxonomic breadth of this class, as well as the chloroplast genomes of three strains of Streptofilum, a recently discovered algal lineage …

An Assessment Of The Ph Of The Soil In The Tamarack Bog, Clarity Gunn

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of this research project was to assess the pH of the Tamarack bog. The research was conducted once a month, weather permitting, at the Tamarack bog at the Bath Nature Preserve in Akron Ohio. Data collection began on July 31st, 2019 ended October 2020 and was supplemented with pilot data collected in 2018. The pH was taken with a pH probe at specific sampling sites and transects that have been placed by Dr. Mitchell previously for other experiments. It was found that the Tamarack bog presented as a mosaic bog with features of a fen as well. The …

Efficacy And Mechanism Of Acs811 In Tomato Immune Responses, Layne Ellen Harris

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Biologicals are increasingly becoming an important part of sustainable integrated pest management in agricultural crop production and encompass a wide variety of products with varying degrees of efficacy and available research data. As biologicals become more integrated into commercial production systems, it is critical to rigorously evaluate biological product efficacy and mode(s) of action in crops. The better that biologicals are understood in terms of effective application, integration into commercial programs, and their specific mechanisms in crop growth and protection, then the greater the opportunity for increasing yields and food security.

ACS811 is a microbial fermentation-based biological product from Alltech …

Concomitant Accumulations Of Ions, Osmoprotectants And Antioxidant System-Relatedsubstances Provide Salt Tolerance Capability To Succulent Extreme-Halophyte Scorzonera Hieraciifolia, Cansu Altuntaş, Rabi̇ye Terzi̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Halophytes adapting to live in salinized areas can activate some tolerance mechanism through signal compounds to cope with salinity. However, the role of co-activity of signal compounds in salt tolerance of halophytes has not yet fully understood. We researched the changes in signal compounds involved in the salt tolerance mechanism, including inorganic ions, osmoprotectants and substances related to the antioxidant system in

Biofortification Of Sodium Selenate Improves Dietary Mineral Contents And Antioxidant Capacity Of Culinary Herb Microgreens, Rachel G. Newman, Youyoun Moon, Carl E. Sams, Janet C. Tou, Nicole L. Waterland

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Selenium biofortification of plants has been suggested as a method of enhancing dietary seleniumintake to prevent deficiency and chronic disease in humans, while avoiding toxic levels of intake. Popular herbs such as basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.), and scallions (Allium fistulosum L.) present an opportunity for biofortification as these plants are used for added flavors to meals and are available as microgreens, young plants with increasing popularity in the consumer marketplace. In this study, basil, cilantro, and scallion microgreens were biofortified with sodium selenate under hydroponic conditions at various selenium concentrations to investigate the effects on yield, …

Stop Helping Pathogens: Engineering Plant Susceptibility Genes For Durable Resistance, Hernan Garcia-Ruiz, Boris Szurek, Guido Van Den Ackerveken

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Alternatives to protect crops against diseases are desperately needed to secure world food production and make agriculture more sustainable. Genetic resistance to pathogens utilized so far is mostly based on single dominant resistance genes that mediate specific recognition of invaders and that is often rapidly broken by pathogen variants. Perturbation of plant susceptibility (S) genes offers an alternative providing plants with recessive resistance that is proposed to be more durable. S genes enable the establishment of plant disease, and their inactivation provides opportunities for resistance breeding of crops. However, loss of S gene function can have pleiotropic effects. Developments in …

A Rich Fading Biocultural Diversity?A Review Of Traditional Herbal Teas Used By Minorities In The Balkans, Muhammad Abdul Aziz, Andrea Pieroni, Syed Abidullah, Anely Nedelcheva

Turkish Journal of Botany

Ethnobotanical studies focusing on medicinal plant ingredients have always been conducted with the aim of protecting the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of these natural resources. In the globalized world, the rapid loss of biodiversity and cultural and linguistic homogenization have threatened the survival of the planet, together with leading us towards an extinction crisis. In this extreme situation, LEK is also facing serious challenges, especially that of minorities where the pressure is manifold. A number of studies have been carried out among minority groups in recent times, and scientists are attempting to devise solid policy recommendations to celebrate their LEK …

The Involvement Of The Induction Of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis And Transport In Toxic Boron Responsive Regulation In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Ceyhun Kayihan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Recently, boron (B) has been found to form a complex with anthocyanin, which could be evidence for the B tolerance mechanisms that reduce free B in the leaf tissues of plants. However, the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport has not been satisfactorily elucidated in plants exposed to toxic B. Therefore, the changes in expression levels of some of the phenylpropanoid pathway genes, early and late flavonoid biosynthetic genes, and transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport were determined in Arabidopsis thaliana under B toxicity. Accordingly, 1 mM boric acid treatment did not cause any significant change in …

Chaetocin Enhances Callus Induction By Decreasing The Expression Of Major Leaf Polarity Genes In Nicotiana Tabacum, Ayyub Ebrahimi, Nagi̇han Özsoy, Saadet Deni̇z Gürle, Baki̇ Yaman, Şule Ari

Turkish Journal of Botany

Using chemicals known as inhibitors of chromatin remodeling enzymes is a useful approach in understanding the regulation machinery that contributes to the maintenance of or conversion to a pluri- and totipotent states of the cells in multicellular organisms. They can serve as tools to reveal the molecular and cellular mechanisms required for reprogramming. A deeper understanding of reprogramming pathways that drive the cell into a dedifferentiated state might help us enhance plant micropropagation and green biotechnology applications. Chaetocin is one of the histone methyltransferase inhibitors known as key drivers in several cellular processes. It was shown that chaetocin enhanced the …

Continuous In Situ Soil Nitrate Sensors: The Importance Of High-Resolution Measurements Across Time And A Comparison With Salt Extraction-Based Methods, Yunjiao Zhu, Yuncong Chen, Md. Azahar Ali, Liang Dong, Xinran Wang, Sotirios V. Archontoulis, James Schnable, Michael J. Castellano

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soil NO₃^– affects microbial processes, plant productivity, and environmental N losses. However, the ability to measure soil NO₃^– is limited by labor-intensive sampling and laboratory analyses. Hence, temporal variation in soil solution NO₃^– concentration is poorly understood. We evaluated a new potentiometric sensor that continuously measures soil solution NO₃^– concentration with unprecedented specificity due to a novel membrane that serves as a barrier to interfering anions. First, we compared sensor and salt extraction-based measurements of soil NO₃^– in well-controlled laboratory conditions. Second, using 60 d of in situ soil NO …

Examining The Utility Of Dna Barcodes For The Identification Of Tallgrass Prairie Flora, Sarah A. Herzog, Maribeth Latvis

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Premise
The tallgrass prairies of North America are one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world, making efficient species identification essential for understanding and managing diversity. Here, we assess DNA barcoding with high‐throughput sequencing as a method for rapid plant species identification.
Methods
Using herbarium collections representing the tallgrass prairie flora of Oak Lake Field Station, South Dakota, USA, we amplified and examined four common nuclear and plastid barcode regions (ITS, matK, psbA‐trnH, and rbcL), individually and in combination, to test their success in identifying samples to family, genus, and species levels using BLAST searches of …

Evaluating Carbon Uptake And Storage Potential Of Three Pine Species Across Environmental Gradients In Florida, Alicia Formanack

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Natural climate solutions, such as reforestation, are increasingly called for to lower atmospheric CO2 concentrations and prevent further warming of the climate. Predictive modeling of forest stand dynamics provides a quantitative framework that can be used to select the tree species with the highest carbon (C) uptake potential for restoration efforts based upon site-specific and species-specific data. To simulate stand dynamics and compare C uptake and storage potential of three pine species across Florida, I developed individual-based models that combined environmentally-sensitive tree growth models with background mortality taken from the literature. Growth model parameters were estimated using space for time …

Traditional And Modern Breeding Strategies Towards Developing Resilient Crops: Two Case Studies In Tomato, Estefania Tavares Flores

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Crop designing for resilience traits to produce satisfactorily under adverse conditions and scenarios is a priority for the future of global food security. In this thesis, two different approaches addressing major stress factors for tomato cropping are presented. We first aimed to domesticate tomato de novo as a high-salinity resistant crop using the wild relative, S. cheesmaniae via gene editing. We conducted single-gene and multiplex knock-out strategies using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to create loss-of-function alleles for the domestication-related genes BIF, CycB, J2, EJ2, MULTI, SP, SP5G, and FW11.3 in order to create a novel, halophyte tomato harboring an inherent high-salinity …

Environmental Controls On The Terrestrial Water Cycle In Forested Mountain Ecosystems., Luis Andrés Guillén

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Water is a key resource to natural ecosystems and human societies alike, and the water cycle is fundamentally linked to the climate and the characteristics of catchments. However, the challenges posed by environmental change makes it imperative to understand how the water cycle is affected by biotic and abiotic factors, in particular, in areas that are crucial sources of water like forested headwater catchments. Therefore, this doctoral dissertation aims to advance the knowledge on the dynamics between climate, vegetation and landscape that determine the water balance of forested mountain ecosystems. This document presents five chapters, an introductory chapter, three standalone …

Abrasive Weeding As A Vehicle For Precision Fertilizer Management In Organic Vegetable Production, Tran Kim Ngan Luong, Frank Forcella, Sharon Clay, Michael S. Douglass, Samuel E. Wortman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Abrasive weeding is a nonchemical weed control tactic that uses small, gritty materials propelled with compressed air to destroy weed seedlings. Organic fertilizers have been used successfully as abrasive grits to control weeds, but the goal for this study was to explore the effects of fertilizer grit, application rates, and background soil fertility on weeds, plant available nitrogen (N) uptake, and crop yield. Field trials were conducted in organic ‘Carmen’ sweet red pepper (Capsicum annuum) and organic ‘Gypsy’ broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and treatments included organic fertilizer grit (8N–0.9P–3.3K vs. 3N–3.1P–3.3K), grit application rates (low …

Development Of Mping-Based Activation Tags For Crop Insertional Mutagenesis, Alexander Johnson, Edward Mcassey, Stephanie Diaz, Jacod Reagin, Priscilla S. Redd, Daymond R. Parrilla, Hanh Nguyen, Adrian Stec, Lauren A.L. Mcdaniel, Thomas E. Clemente, Robert M. Stupar, Wayne A. Parrott, C. Nathan Hancock

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Modern plant breeding increasingly relies on genomic information to guide crop im- provement. Although some genes are characterized, additional tools are needed to effectively identify and characterize genes associated with crop traits. To address this need, the mPing element from rice was modified to serve as an activation tag to in- duce expression of nearby genes. Embedding promoter sequences in mPing resulted in a decrease in overall transposition rate; however, this effect was negated by using a hyperactive version of mPing called mmPing20. Transgenic soybean events carrying mPing-based activation tags and the appropriate transposase expression cassettes showed evidence of transposition. …

Sterol Biosynthesis In Four Green Algae: A Bioinformatic Analysis Of The Ergosterol Versus Phytosterol Decision Point, Adam Voshall, Nakeirah T.M. Christie, Suzanne L. Rose, Maya Khasin, James L. Van Etten, Jennifer E. Markham, Wayne R. Riekhof, Kenneth Nickerson

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Animals and fungi produce cholesterol and ergosterol, respectively, while plants produce the phytosterols stigmasterol, campesterol, and bsitosterol in various combinations. The recent sequencing of many algal genomes allows the detailed reconstruction of the sterol metabolic pathways. Here, we characterized sterol synthesis in two sequenced Chlorella spp., the free-living C. sorokiniana, and symbiotic C. variabilis NC64A. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was included as an internal control and Coccomyxa subellipsoidea as a plant-like outlier. We found that ergosterol was the major sterol produced by Chlorella spp. and C. reinhardtii, while C. subellipsoidea produced the three phytosterols found in plants. In silico analysis …

Plant Physiological Responses To Environmental Change In A Marsh-Mangrove Ecotone, Matthew Sturchio

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Globally, photosynthesis (A) and autotrophic respiration (R) are the two largest physiological processes responsible for CO₂ flux. Coastal wetland ecosystems are responsible for some of the highest rates of C sequestration. Marsh grass and mangrove habitats responsible for this service are important in supporting biodiversity and preventing shoreline erosion, yet little is known about how this vegetation will respond physiologically to effects of climate and global change. In the first chapter a warming experiment was used to determine whether a C₄ marsh grass (Spartina alterniflora) and a C₃ mangrove (Avicennia …

Assessing Short-Term Microalgal Community Responses Over Altering Hydrological Conditions In Experimental Wetlands Of Costal Georgia, Maggie M. Kuhn

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Wetlands provide valuable ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and carbon storage. Microalgae (i.e., diatoms) provide the foundation of primary production and determine rates of energy transfer throughout the system. Climate change models predict an increase in frequency of intense storms and severe drought conditions that pose a threat to known hydrological regimes and wetland ecosystem stability. The purpose of my study was to assess the effects of water permanence (i.e., duration of flooding) on diatom community structure in experimental wetlands. I predicted that wetlands with prolonged periods of flooding (i.e., permanent) would harbor a consistent diatom community throughout flooding …

Identification And Utilization Of Genetic Determinants Of Trait Measurement Errors In Image-Based, High-Throughput Phenotyping, Yan Zhou, Aaron Kusmec, Seyed Vahid Mirnezami, Lakshmi Attigala, Srikant Srinivasan, Talukder Zaki Jubery, James Schnable, Maria G. Salas Fernandez, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, Patrick S. Schnable

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The accuracy of trait measurements greatly affects the quality of genetic analyses. During automated phenotyping, trait measurement errors, i.e., differences between automatically extracted trait values and ground truth, are often treated as random effects that can be controlled by increasing population sizes and/or replication number. By contrast, there is some evidence that trait measurement errors may be partially under genetic control. Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed substantial non-random, genetic contributions to trait measurement errors for five maize (Zea mays) tassel traits collected using an image-based phenotyping platform. The phenotyping accuracy varied according to whether a tassel exhibited …