Digital Commons Network^™

Optimizing Cover Crop Benefits With Diverse Mixtures And An Alternative Termination Method, Samuel E. Wortman, Charles A. Francis, Mark L. Bernards, Rhae A. Drijber, John L. Lindquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Previous studies have demonstrated benefits of individual cover crop species, but the value of diverse cover crop mixtures has received less attention. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of spring-sown cover crop mixture diversity and mechanical cover crop termination method on cover crop and/or cash crop productivity, soil moisture and N, and profitability in an organic cropping system. An experiment was conducted between 2009 and 2011 near Mead, Nebraska, United States, where mixtures of two (2CC), four (4CC), six (6CC), and eight (8CC) cover crop species, or a summer annual weed mixture were included in a …

Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis Of Saturated Fatty Acids In A Population Of Recombinant Inbred Lines Of Soybean, Xianzhi Wang, Guo-Liang Jiang, Marci Green, Roy A. Scott, D. L. Hyten, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop which contributes approximately 58% of the world’s oilseed production. Palmitic and stearic acids are the two main saturated fatty acids in soybean oil. Different levels of saturated fatty acids are desired depending on the uses of the soybean oil. Vegetable oil low in saturated fatty acids is preferred for human consumption, while for industrial applications, soybean oil with higher levels of saturated fatty acids is more suitable. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for saturated fatty acids, analyze the genetic effects of single QTL …

Natural Variation In Iron Use Efficiency And Mineral Remobilization In Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus), Brian M. Waters, Grace Troupe

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Aims: Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient, and plant-available Fe is often limited in alkaline soils. Fe deficiency chlorosis decreases plant growth and yield. Identification of germplasm with high and low Fe use efficiency will allow studies to better understand the genetic components for breeding Fe efficient varieties.

Methods: A screen using cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings identified varieties that maintained contrasting levels of chlorophyll under Fe deficiency or limitation. A time course of mineral dynamics in cotyledons was conducted.

Results: The variety Ashley had the highest chlorophyll under Fe deficiency and per unit Fe in the leaf, while …

Widespread Triploidy In Western North American Aspen (Populus Tremuloides), Karen E. Mock, Colin M. Callahan, M. Nurul Islam-Faridi, John D. Shaw, Hardeep S. Rai, Stewart C. Sanderson, Carol A. Rowe, Ronald J. Ryel, Michael D. Madritch, Richard S. Gardner, Paul G. Wolf

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 13 2012, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Transgenic Expression Of Lactoferrin Imparts Enhanced Resistance To Head Blight Of Wheat Caused By Fusarium Graminearum, Jigang Han, Dilip K. Lakshman, Leny C. Galvez, Sharmila Mitra, P. Stephen Baenziger, Amitava Mitra

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Background: The development of plant gene transfer systems has allowed for the introgression of alien genes into plant genomes for novel disease control strategies, thus providing a mechanism for broadening the genetic resources available to plant breeders. Using the tools of plant genetic engineering, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial gene was tested for resistance against head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) that reduces both grain yield and quality.

Results: A construct containing a bovine lactoferrin cDNA was used to transform wheat using an Agrobacterium …

Rna-Seq Analysis Of The Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa – Creeping Bentgrass Pathosystem, Angela M. Orshinsky, Jinnan Hu, Stephen O. Opiyo, Venu Reddyvari-Channarayappa, Thomas K. Mitchell, Michael J. Boehm

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Sclerotinia homoeocarpa causes dollar spot disease, the predominate disease on highly-maintained turfgrass. Currently, there are major gaps in our understanding of the molecular interactions between S. homoeocarpa and creeping bentgrass. In this study, 454 sequencing technology was used in the de novo assembly of S. homoeocarpa and creeping bentgrass transcriptomes. Transcript sequence data obtained using Illumina’s first generation sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) were mapped to the transcriptome assemblies to estimate transcript representation in different SBS libraries. SBS libraries included a S. homoeocarpa culture control, a creeping bentgrass uninoculated control, and a library for creeping bentgrass inoculated with S. homoeocarpa and incubated for …

Modeling An Improvement In Phosphorus Utilization In Tropical Agriculture, David Edelstein, David J. Tonjes

Technology & Society Faculty Publications

Studies of Terra Preta soils have generated interest in recreating their fertility elsewhere. Much of the research has focused on soil amendment charcoal (“biochar”). Terra Preta also contains bone fragments, producing a high concentration of phosphorus. Some forecast worldwide declines in phosphorus supplies, and better agricultural system management is required to improve phosphorus use efficiency. A conceptual model is offered to consider the influence of charcoal on bioavailability of phosphorus. The model describes a system where improvements in the chemical and biological condition of the soil result in increased phosphorus availability and cycling. Mechanisms of phosphorus/charcoal interaction are considered, and …

Sensing Development Of A Soybean Canopy Under P Or K Nutritional Stress, Martin M. Navarro

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) has been correlated with physiological plant parameters and used to evaluate plant growth. There is little information about the use of this technique to detect soybean nutrient deficiencies. The objective of this work was to determine the ability of the NDVI sensor to detect P and K deficiencies, and grain yield reduction, in soybean. During 2010 and 2011, NDVI measurements were made on a soybean field trial site known to exhibit yield responses to both P and K nutrition. Four replicates of 8 levels each of P and K nutrition were evaluated. The NDVI …

Invasive Ecology Of Exotic Old World Bluestem Grasses And Insights For Coastal Prairie Restoration In South Texas, Marvin E. Ruffner

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Despite the agronomic benefits of exotic grass plantings for pasture and rangeland forage, exotic grass invasions are capable of having dramatic and widespread impacts on native communities and ecosystems. Exotic Old World bluestem grasses (OWBG; Bothriochloa and Dichanthium spp.) have become increasingly invasive throughout the central and southern U.S. Little is known regarding the impacts of OWBG invasion on native grassland and savannah ecology and how to successfully control OWBG invasions in natural areas. Accordingly, this dissertation research had several objectives: 1) Evaluate the efficacy of herbicide and/or disking to control OWBG; 2) Assess the relative competitive ability of the …

The Role Of Auxin Resistant 1 (Axr1) In Arabidopsis Cytokinin Signaling, Yan Li

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The plant hormone cytokinin plays essential roles in many aspects of growth and development. The cytokinin signal is transmitted by a multistep phosphorelay to the members of two functionally antagonistic classes of Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs): the type-B ARRs (response activators) and type-A ARRs (negative-feedback regulators). Previous studies have shown that mutations in AXR1, encoding a subunit of the E1 enzyme in the related to ubiquitin (RUB) modification pathway, leads to decreased cytokinin sensitivity. This research shows that the cytokinin resistance of axr1 seedlings is suppressed by loss-of-function of type-A ARRs and that the cytokinin resistance caused by …

Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity And Phytochemical Analyses Of Rhus Aromatica, Rhus Glabra And Sanguinaria Canadensis Native To South Dakota, Gitanjali Nandakafle

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A total of twenty five South Dakota native medicinal plants were screened against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli using a disk diffusion assay. Out of these 25 plants, three plants Rhus aromatica, Rhus glabra and Sanguinaria canadensis demonstrated the highest bacterial inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these plant extracts were determined using a bacterial enumeration assay. Alamar Blue in vitro cytotoxicity test showed that all extracts have some toxic effect to porcine intestinal epithelial cell lines. Phytochemical analysis of these plant extracts indicated the presence high concentration of flavonoids and condensed tannins in R. aromatica and that R. glabra contained …

Superweeds And Suspect Seeds: Does The Genetically-Engineered Crop Deregulation Process Put American Agriculture At Risk, Margaret Sova Mccabe

Law Faculty Scholarship

The federal government’s regulatory approach to genetically engineered (GE) crops, known as “The Framework”, is now twenty-five years old. Despite two and half decades of a consistent regulatory regime, GE crop and food regulation remains controversial. This article suggests that regulatory science and its tenets of independence, transparency, and public science should guide reforms of The Framework so that it is an efficient and reliable regulatory system. The article has four parts: 1) it provides a brief overview of the history of GE crop regulation; 2)it describes the key attributes of The Framework and related regulatory documents, with particular focus …

Effects Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation On Biochemical Parameters In Capsicum Annuum Grown Under Long Term Salt Stress, Fazi̇let Özlem Çeki̇ç, Serpi̇l Ünyayar, İbrahi̇m Ortaş

Turkish Journal of Botany

Salt stress is an important environmental stress. Plants cope with salt stress with different strategies. In this study the effects of 2 different arbuscular mycorrhiza species (Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices) on some biochemical parameters in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Cumaovası) exposed to long term salt stress were studied. It was found that mycorrhizal inoculation increased RWC, P, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content of pepper plants during salt application. The enzyme activities changed depending on the enzyme and salt stress application. The lowest MDA content was found in the plants inoculated with G. intraradices; however, there was no …

An Example For Comparison Of Storage Methods Of Macrofungus Cultures: Schizophyllum Commune, Ayşe Betül Karaduman, Burcu Atli, Mustafa Yamaç

Turkish Journal of Botany

Twelve different methods were compared for storage of a newly isolated mushroom strain, Schizophyllum commune Fr. The fungal strain was stored in different media [sterile distilled water (SDW), glycerol (15%) or media including trehalose], in different forms (mycelium-colonised wheat seeds, mycelium-colonised agar plugs) and at different temperatures (+4, +20, -20 °C). The fungal culture was checked periodically for its viability and biological activity for up to 1 year. The mycelial recovery ratio, mycelial growth rate, mycelial biomass weight, and enzyme activity of the recovered cultures were used for comparison of the different methods. After 12 months' storage, the vitality of …

Antioxidative And Physiological Responses Of Two Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Cultivars Under Peg-Mediated Drought Stress, Mehmet Cengi̇z Baloğlu, Musa Kavas, Gülsüm Aydin, Hüseyi̇n Avni̇ Öktem, Ayşe Meral Yücel

Turkish Journal of Botany

Drought stress is one of the most important yield-reducing factors in crop production. Sunflower, an oilseed crop, is severely affected by abiotic stress. In this study, 2 sunflower cultivars (Musala and Aydın) were evaluated in terms of various biochemical and physiological responses under 2 different polyethylene glycol-mediated drought stress conditions. Stress-determining parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H_{2}O_{2}), and proline contents were determined. Both cultivars showed similar responses at osmotic potentials of both -0.4 and -0.8 MPa. Aydın was less affected than Musala under these stress conditions. MDA, H_{2}O_{2}, and proline levels were similar at both -0.4 and -0.8 …

The Relationship Between The Antioxidant System And Phycocyanin Production In Spirulina Maxima With Respect To Nitrate Concentration, Razi̇ye Öztürk Ürek, Leman Tarhan

Turkish Journal of Botany

The relationship among antioxidant enzyme activities, such as iron-superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) and ascorbate-dependent peroxidase (AsA-POD), and phycocyanin, chlorophyll, total carotenoid, ascorbate contents, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were investigated in Spirulina maxima SAG 84.79 in nitrate limited (10 mM), control (30 mM), and supplemented (50 mM) conditions. In the present study, extracellular nitrate and intracellular iron, magnesium, and copper levels were also investigated. The highest FeSOD and AsA-POD activities and chlorophyll content and the lowest LPO levels were found in control conditions on day 13: 21.9 ± 1.5, 5.7 ± 0.3 IU mg^{-1}, 16.2 ± 0.5 mg g^{-1}, and 0.322 …

Influence Of Mycorrhizal Strategy On The Foliar Traits Of The Plants On The Tibetan Plateau In Response To Precipitation And Temperature, Zhaoyong Shi, Yanying Liu, Fayuan Wang, Yinglong Chen

Turkish Journal of Botany

Mycorrhizas play key roles in important ecosystem processes and functions. To enhance our understanding of the impact of mycorrhizal strategies on important foliar traits of host plants and their response to climate changes, we analysed 6 selected foliar traits among 54 plant species in 129 sampling sites of ascertained mycorrhizal types on the Tibetan Plateau based on their functional groups. The selected traits were leaf mass per area (LMA), nitrogen concentration (on mass and area bases, N_{mass} and N_{area}, respectively), photosynthetic capacity (A_{mass} and A_{area}) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). The analysed foliar traits showed no significant difference between …

Experimental Studies Of The Multitrophic Effects Of Anti-Herbivore Defense In Three Pine Barrens Shrub Species, Elizabeth R. Coffey

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Plants produce numerous chemical defense compounds in response to herbivory. Induced chemical defenses potentially influence soil dynamics by changing the nutrient ratio of the leaves, which are seasonally shed and contribute to the soil, or by affecting the detritus community through leaching of chemicals in the root zone. Manual clipping was utilized in this study to induce chemical compounds with the goal of examining the secondary effects of induced plant defenses. I removed 25% of the mass of fifteen plants of three different plant species in the Albany Pine Bush annually for two consecutive years. I then compared the soil …

Reproductive Biology Of Ludwigia Leptocarpa And L. Adscendens Subsp. Diffusa In Ile Ife, Nigeria, Matthew Oziegbe, Julius Olaoye Faluyi

Turkish Journal of Botany

Ludwigia L. (Onagraceae) species are known to be invasive in most parts of the world, serving as a threat to native plant species and blocking navigational channels. In Africa, they block waterways and are serious weeds in wet fields, most especially in rice paddies. The floral morphology, mode of sexual reproduction, and mechanism of fruit dispersal in water of L. leptocarpa (Nutt.) H.Hara and L. adscendens (L.) H.Hara subsp. diffusa (Forssk.) P.H.Raven were assessed in the Department of Botany of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, from March 2006 to March 2009. L. leptocarpa produced cylindrical, hairy fruits of 34.80 …

Induction Of Phytochelatin And Responses Of Antioxidants Under Cadmium Stress In Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius) Seedlings, Shahram Namdjoyan, Shahrokh Namdjoyan, Hossein Kermanian

Turkish Journal of Botany

We investigated the role of antioxidant compounds (e.g.,\alpha-tocopherol, phytochelatins, glutathione, and other non-protein thiols) in the cadmium (Cd) tolerance of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. cv. Arak2811) seedlings exposed to different concentrations of Cd (0-100 \muM) for a week. A concentration- and tissue- dependent response to Cd was observed. Increasing Cd supply markedly reduced the dry weight of roots. Plants accumulated a substantial amount of Cd, especially in the roots. Levels of \alpha-tocopherol showed a significant increase with an increase in the concentration of Cd in leaves. Upon Cd exposure, \alpha-tocopherol levels followed a similar pattern in the root tissue with …

The Autecological Characteristics Of Desmostachya Bipinnata In Hyper-Arid Regions, Akbar Fakhireh, Majid Ajorlo, Alireza Shahryari, Shahram Mansouri, Soheila Nouri, Ahmad Pahlavanravi

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study aimed to investigate the main autecological characteristics of Desmostachya bipinnata L. (Poaceae) in a hyper-arid region. The study was carried out on Sistan plain, south-eastern Iran. The habitats of D. bipinnata were identified and then the climatic and edaphic characteristics of habitats were determined. Phenological stages, reproduction, root system, and nutritive and preference values of D. bipinnata were also studied. One single habitat of D. bipinnata was identified on Sistan plain. Average annual rainfall and temperature of the habitat were 60 mm and 21.8 °C, respectively. Loamy and loamy sand soils of the habitat had EC and pH …

The Response Of The Xerophytic Plant Gypsophila Aucheri To Salt And Drought Stresses: The Role Of The Antioxidant Defence System, Aşkim Hedi̇ye Sekmen Esen, Rengi̇n Özgür, Bariş Uzi̇lday, Zehra Özgecan Tanyolaç, Ahmet Di̇nç

Turkish Journal of Botany

The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidant system responses of a xerophytic plant to salinity and drought, which were not elucidated before. Physiological and antioxidant responses of the xerophytic plant Gypsophila aucheri Boiss. were investigated under salinity (100 and 300 mM NaCl) and drought (withholding watering) treatment for 2 weeks in a controlled growth chamber. Besides growth responses (relative growth rate (RGR)), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, and SOD and CAT isoenzymes activities were determined under stress conditions. Moreover, the level of lipid peroxidation was determined …

Nebline, January 2012

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: UNL Food Processing Center Provides Valuable Assistance to Food Manufacturers

Farm Views

Urban Agriculture

Food & Fitness

Home & Family Living

Horticulture

Environmental Focus

4-H & Youth

Community Focus

Extension Calendar

Nutrition Education Program

Family and Community Education (FCE) Clubs

and other extension news and events

2011 Annual Report Special Pullout Section

An Annotated Checklist Of The Horse Flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) Of Lebanon With Remarks On Ecology And Zoogeography: Pangoniinae And Chrysopsinae, Günter Müller, Theo Zeegers, Jerome Hogsette, Edita E. Revay, Vasiliy Kravchenko, Andrey Leshvanov, Yosef Schlein

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Knowledge of the horse fly fauna (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Lebanon is fragmentary, while the local fauna of most neighboring countries has been fairly well researched. Within the framework of the 20-year project “The ecology and zoogeography of the Lepidoptera of the Near East,” we regularly collected biting flies in the whole region, including Lebanon. During this time we recorded 14 horse fly species for two subfamilies in Lebanon: four Pangoniinae and ten Chrysopsinae. Only a single species, Chrysops flavipes Meigen, 1804, was known previously in Lebanon, but the following four Pangoniinae: Pangonius haustellatus (Fabricius, 1781), Pangonius obscuratus Loew, 1859, Pangonius …

Effects Of Root-Zone Temperature And N, P, And K Supplies On Nutrient Uptake Of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) Seedlings In Hydroponics, Qiuyan Yan, Zengqiang Duan, Jingdong Mao, Xun Li, Fei Dong

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The nutrient uptake and allocation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings at different root-zone temperatures (RZT) and different concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients were examined. Plants were grown in a nutrient solution for 30 d at two root-zone temperatures (a diurnally fluctuating ambient 10°C-RZT and a constant 20° C-RZT) with the aerial parts of the plants maintained at ambient temperature (10°C -30°C). Based on a Hoagland nutrient solution, seven N, P, and K nutrient concentrations were supplied to the plants at each RZT. Results showed that total plant and shoot dry weights under …

Milling Characteristics Of High And Low Quality Rice, Alexandria Huck, Sarah Lanning, Terry Siebenmorgen

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Harvest moisture contents (HMCs) have been proven to play a role in rice quality, especially affecting head rice yield (HRY) due to fissuring or immature kernels. Differences in milling characteristics between samples having high and low level milling quality were studied in this experiment. Two hybrid, long-grain cultivars (CL XL729 and CL XL745) and two pureline, long-grain cultivars (CL 181 and Wells) were harvested at near optimal and low HMCs, representing high and low milling quality, respectively. Lots were dried to approximately 12.5 ± 0.5% and milled in triplicate for durations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 s. Results showed …

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Ecological Aspects Of The Arid And Semi-Arid Truffle In Turkey: Evaluation Of Soil Characteristics, Morphology, Distribution, And Mycorrhizal Relationships, Mehmet Akyüz, Sevda Kirbağ, Murat Kurşat

Turkish Journal of Botany

We undertook an evaluation of the physical and chemical quality of soil characteristics, micro- and macroscopic features of morphology, distribution, and mycorrhizal relationships of Terfezia boudieri Chatin. The topsoil was found to be 54.73% sand, 21.97% clay, 23.30% dust, 45.27% dust-clay, 0.126% nitrogen, 1.848% organic matter, and 3.78% total lime. Investigations revealed that the soil contained 40.92 ppm P_2O_5, 613.0 ppm K_2O, 28.82 ppm Na, and 0.164 mmhos/cm salt. It had a pH of 7.12 and the soil type was determined to be sand-clay-slimy. Various characteristics were recorded including ascocarp features (hypogeous, like tubers) and colour (peridium, glebe red tones), …