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Surveys, Field Studies, And Laboratory Incubation Experiments To Improve Alfalfa Production In The Mid-South, William Fleming

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The objective of the alfalfa survey was to determine the role of soil fertility in the alfalfa yield plateau. Soil samples at depths of 10, 15, and 30 cm and tissue samples were collected from 114 alfalfa stands across Kentucky and surrounding states. Results indicate that soil fertility is likely contributing but not driving the alfalfa yield plateau. The main objective of the polyhalite incubation study is to determine if POLY4 was soluble enough to support potassium (K) and sulfur (S) for plant growth. The design of the study included four fertilizer treatments, three soil types, and four incubation times. …

Identifying Physiological, Morphological, And Genetic Drivers Of Key Intermediary Phenotypic Traits Associated With Stalk Lodging Resistance Within Genetically Diverse Maize Germplasm And Sorghum, Norbert Bokros

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Maize stalk lodging reduces grain yields due to the permanent breakage or deformation of stalk tissue before grain harvest. To reveal new insights into the complex problem of maize stalk lodging, this dissertation will examine three primary objectives. First, the direct, diurnal influence of turgor pressure will be shown to have only marginal effects on stalk bending strength, a key trait associated with stalk lodging resistance. Up to a dozen individual stalks, grown to physiological maturity within the same field, were tested using a DARLING testing device. In parallel, stalk turgor status as measured by leaf water potential and turgor …

Silicon Fertilization In Cool-Season Turfgrasses, Cheng Qian

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Previous studies of the benefits of silicon (Si) supplementation in turfgrass have yielded inconsistent results. This dissertation aimed to assess the benefits if Si supplementation in cool-season turfgrass under more well controlled conditions than many previous studies. The first study assessed the effect of Si supplementation on biomass production and Si accumulation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) in buffered Hoagland’s media (pH 6) with four sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) treatments (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mM Si). The two species responded differently to Si supplementation in terms of biomass. Bentgrass biomass was …

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Competition Between Bradyrhizobium Strains For Soybean Nodulation, Lilia Ernestina Montanez Hernandez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) has surged as a natural strategy to provide available nitrogen to crops by taking advantage of diazotrophs, microorganisms that can reduce atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. Soybean, a major crop, greatly benefits from BNF by forming endosymbiotic relationships with rhizobacteria from the genus Bradyrhizobium, which culminates in the formation of specialized organs called nodules, where nitrogen fixation occurs. This is known as Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation (SNF). Inoculation of soybean fields with high nitrogen fixing Bradyrhizobium strains to stimulate SNF is being used as a strategy to increase crop productivity and nitrogen content. However, in North America, SNF …

Benthic And Epibenthic Invertebrate Assemblages Associated With Estuarine Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Differ Between Native And Invasive Plants, Marissa Hall, Kathryn O'Shaughnessy, Bethany Kiley, Ashley Mcdonald, Taber Faurie, Zoey Hendrickson, Anna Reimer, Samantha Smith, Charles Martin

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Estuarine submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) provides vital habitat for macroinvertebrate communities that support diverse food webs and subsequent ecosystem services. Invasive SAV, however, has the potential to alter estuarine food webs through competition with native SAV, resulting in different associated biological communities. In the Mobile-Tensaw Delta (Alabama, USA), the invasive Eurasian milfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum, is fast becoming the dominant SAV, out-competing native SAV such as wild celery, Vallisneria americana. This study investigated the above- and belowground macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with these SAV habitats. We found significantly different assemblages between the SAV, with V. americana supporting more even and …

Growing South Dakota (Winter 2024), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 3 Continuing a Leadership Journey
/="/">[Page] 5 CAFES Leadership Team Grows
/="/">[Page] 7 Award-Winning Faculty & Staff
/="/">[Page] 9 New Endowment Holders Recognized
/="/">[Page] 10 Inaugural Precision Livestock Field School Offered at SDSU Cottonwood Field Station
/="/">[Page] 11 SDSU Celebrates Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine Students [Page] 13 Clay Carlson, SDSU Meat Science Graduate Student Approaches School and Life with Winning Mindset
/="/">[Page] 15 SDSU Alumni has been selected as the Head Coach of the South Dakota State University Livestock Judging Team
/="/">[Page] 16 Livestock Units Promote Hands-On Learning & Premier Research …

Interactions Between New Zealand Mud Snails (Potamopyrgus Antipodarum) And Toxic Cyanoabacteria (Anabaena) In Baduwa’T (Mad River), Humboldt County, California, Cecilia F. Kennelly

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Invasive species in freshwater systems are circulated around the globe, wreaking havoc on natural communities. The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) is a very successful aquatic invader that has established populations in freshwater streams, lakes, and rivers around the globe. The goal of this project was to evaluate the interactions of invasive New Zealand mud snails (NZMS) and toxic cyanobacteria Anabaena in the Mad River in Humboldt County, California. These two species of concern are found in similar habitats along the river, but their whether NZMS consume Anabaena or affect toxin production is unknown. First, I conducted …

Insect Frass Fertilizer As A Regenerative Input For Improved Biological Nitrogen Fixation And Sustainable Bush Bean Production, Agnes Chepkorir, Dennis Beesigamukama, Harun I. Gitari, Shaphan Y. Chia, Sevgan Subramanian, Sunday Ekesi, Birachi Eliud Abucheli, Jean Claude Rubyogo, Theodore Zahariadis, Gina Athanasiou, Aikaterini Zachariadi, Vasileios Zachariadis, Abdou Tenkouano, Chrysantus M. Tanga

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production is undermined by soil degradation and low biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) capacity. This study evaluated the effect of black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF) on bush bean growth, yield, nutrient uptake, BNF, and profitability, in comparison with commercial organic fertilizer (Phymyx, Phytomedia International Ltd., Kiambu, Kenya), synthetic fertilizer (NPK), and rhizobia inoculant (Biofix, MEA Fertilizers, Nairobi, Kenya). The organic fertilizers were applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, and 45 kg N ha−1 while the NPK was applied at 40 kg N ha−1, 46 kg P ha−1, and 60 kg K ha−1. The fertilizers …

Comparative Microbiome Diversity In Root-Nodules Of Three Desmodium Species Used In Push-Pull Cropping System, Isack H. Adan, George Ochieng Asudi, Saliou Niassy, Abdul A. Jalloh, Johnstone Mutiso Mutua, Frank Chidawanyika, Fathiya Khamis, Zeyaur Khan, Sevgan Subramanian, Thomas Dubois, Daniel Munyao Mutyambai

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Background: Desmodium species used as intercrops in push-pull cropping systems are known to repel insect-pests, suppress Striga species weeds, and shift soil microbiome. However, the mechanisms through which Desmodium species impact the soil microbiome, either through its root exudates, changes in soil nutrition, or shading microbes from its nodules into the rhizosphere, are less understood. Here, we investigated the diversity of root-nodule microbial communities of three Desmodium species- Desmodium uncinatum (SLD), Desmodium intortum (GLD), and Desmodium incanum (AID) which are currently used in smallholder maize push-pull technology (PPT). Methods: Desmodium species root-nodule samples were collected from selected smallholder farms in …

Chitin-Enriched Insect Frass Fertilizer As A Biorational Alternative For Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Incognita) Management, James Kisaakye, Dennis Beesigamukama, Solveig Haukeland, Sevgan Subramanian, Paul K. Thiongo, Segenet Kelemu, Chrysantus M. Tanga

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are serious pests of most food crops, causing up to 100% yield loss. Nevertheless, commercial nematicides are costly and harmful to the environment. While the nematicidal potential of crustacean and synthetic chitin has been demonstrated globally, research on the potential of insect-derived chitin for nematode control has received limited attention. Here, seven chitin-fortified black soldier fly frass fertilizer extracts (chFE) were assessed for their suppressiveness of Meloidogyne incognita and impacts on spinach growth in comparison with a commercial nematicide using in vitro and in vivo bioassays. The performance of chFE and control treatments was assessed by …

The Effect Of Biochar From Plant Materials On Agricultural Acid Sulfate Soil: A Laboratory Incubation, Syazwan Sulaiman, Namasivayam Navaranjan, Guillermo Hernandez-Ramirez, Zohrah Sulaiman, Kathereen Liew

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

The scarcity of suitable arable land has led to the development of acid sulfate soil for cultivation. The major problems of acid sulfate soil are the inherent low pH and available phosphorus (P) as well as the mobilization of toxic elements such as aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe), rendering the soil unfavourable for crop production. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of biochar from plant materials on the selected parameters of acid sulfate soil in a laboratory incubation, with unamended control and dolomite treatment soils for comparison. The application of biochar significantly increased (P < 0.05) soil pH by 0.4-0.6 units as well as the soil available P by 13.1 mg kg-1 relative to the control. The soil exchangeable Al was significantly reduced (by 2.4 cmol kg-1 when compared with the control treatment. The dolomite treatment was superior relative to biochar application in increasing soil pH and decreasing Al. The dolomite application, however, was inferior to biochar treatment in increasing soil available P. Moreover, no favourable change was observed in available Fe with the applications of either biochar or lime. These results indicated that biochar has the potential for the amelioration of acid sulfate soil, especially in increasing available P. Further studies should explore the effectiveness of biochar and lime co-application in altering a wider range of soil chemical parameters to inform management options of acid sulfate soil for cultivation.

Investigation Of The Ecological Interactions And Host Specificity Of Verticillium Nonalfalfae, A Proposed Biological Control Agent Against The Invasive Tree-Of-Heaven (Ailanthus Altissima), Kristen H. Pierce

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is a highly invasive tree species with a cosmopolitan distribution, including an expansive range in North America. In the U.S., tree-of-heaven has established populations in more than 40 states and is considered among the most notorious of invasive plant species. The discovery of Verticillium nonalfalfae and V. dahliae causing acute wilt and mortality of Ailanthus in the mid-Atlantic in the 2000s has resulted in numerous studies evaluating the utility of these fungi as potential biocontrol agents. Recent efforts to commercialize V. nonalfalfae have raised additional questions about its widespread use and factors influencing long-term efficacy. …

Iron Coated Sand: A Sustainable Substrate Amendment For Nutrient Management And Growth Of Floriculture Crops, Savannah Mead

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Acid mine drainage and phosphorus pollution are two of the most pervasive forms of water contamination in Appalachia and globally. The horticultural industry is a contributor to nutrient pollution via leaching from greenhouses, necessitating the adoption of more sustainable practices for container production in controlled environments. In this thesis, an acid mine drainage-based iron-coated sand product was assessed on its effectiveness for phosphate adsorption when used as a sustainable substrate amendment for soilless container production of flowering ornamentals. The first study centered around the amount of iron-coated sand to use for production of petunias, pansies, and chrysanthemums. Iron-coated sand at …

Leds For Controlled Environment Agriculture: Leveraging Light To Optimize Crops, Tristan D. Sanders

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Indoor agriculture is a growing industry with many of its benefits being recognized. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) reduce production costs compared to traditional light sources. LEDs emit narrow bandwidths of light that allow growers to easily change the wavelengths plants are being grown under by using different combinations of wavelengths. Manipulating the light that plants are grown under is a method to change their physiology which is the basis of this thesis. The goal of the first two studies was to investigate how different light spectra can be used to enhance the nutrition content, growth, and morphology of kale and …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

A Vision For A Food-Secure Future Through Permaculture, Jim Gale

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

In response to the pressing challenges of food security, sustainability, and resilience, Food Forest Abundance, led by visionary CEO Jim Gale, emerges as a beacon for permaculture-based agriculture and community development. This editorial explores the organization's pivotal role in advocating for a future where individuals, families, and communities thrive through sustainable practices and localized food systems. Central to Food Forest Abundance mission is the conviction that permaculture principles can revolutionize our approach to food security, health, and wellness by uniting agricultural and community leaders.

The catalyst for this movement was the World Farmers Market Coalition report, revealing the tangible economic, …

Ethnobotanical Study Of Antihemorrhagic Plants In The Skikda Region (North East Of Algeria), Nabila Souilah, Hamdi Bendif, Abdelkrim Benaradj, Abdelouaheb Belaid, Scherazad Mekious

Journal of Bioresource Management

Our survey was carried out at the level of 17 Municipalities of the Province of Skikda. Questionnaire sheets were distributed to 55 herbalists and 350 locale population (informants). The processing of survey data with the local population shows us that women (52 %) have more knowledge of phytotherapy compared to men (48 %) with a fairly high level of education. For the herbalists, we found that most are men (85.45 %) aged between 31-40 years (29.09 %) and 41-50 years (25.45 %), and with level of university study (36.36 %). On the other hand, 52.73 % of herbalists said they …

Domestication Trial Of Synsepalum Stipulatum (Radlk.) Engl. In The Humid Tropical Climate Of Kinshasa, Patrick Dande, Bakapana Souza, Jeanne Kwambanda, Eustache Kidikwadi, Honoré Belesi, Constantin Lubini

Journal of Bioresource Management

The present study deals with the domestication trial of Synsepalum stipulatum (Radlk.) Engl. in the humid tropical climate of Kinshasa and aims at contributing to the domestication of the species. To achieve this, proceeded with two methodological approaches: observation and experimentation. The results obtained show that the effect of three seeds treatments: drying of the seeds on the sun, seeds unpulped in the bag kept under the shade for 14 days and no treatment on the germination of Synsepalum stipulatum seeds was evaluated on two types of substrates: potting soil and clay soil. The absence of seed treatment resulted …

Effects Of Mars Global Simulant (Mgs-1) On Growth And Physiology Of Sweet Potato: A Space Model Plant, Karthik Chinnannan, Prapooja Somagattu, Hyndavi Yammanuru, Padma Nimmakayala, Manohar Chakrabarti, Umesh K. Reddy

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences Faculty Publications

Growing food autonomously on Mars is challenging due to the Martian soil's low nutrient content and high salinity. Understanding how plants adapt and evaluating their nutritional attributes are pivotal for sustained Mars missions. This research delves into the regeneration, stress tolerance, and dietary metrics of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) across different Mars Global Simulant (MGS-1) concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75%). In our greenhouse experiment, 75% MGS-1 concentration significantly inhibited sweet potato growth, storage root biomass, and chlorophyll content. This concentration also elevated the plant tissues' H2O2, proline, and ascorbic acid levels. Higher MGS-1 exposures (50 and 75%) …

Review: The Harvesting Process And Recent Advances On Health Benefits Of White Tea, Adhi Irianto Mastur, Agung Karuniawan, Ernah

Jurnal Kultivasi

The meticulous harvesting process and appropriate post-harvest techniques play pivotal roles in preserving the quality and health benefits of white tea. This careful approach maintains the bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, caffeine, gallic acid, Epigallocationchin (EGC), Epigallocationchin gallate (EGCG), and Epicatechin gallate (ECG), integral to white tea's health benefits. The stability of catechin content in tea plants is greatly influenced by the environment (clone, plant age, leaf age, altitude, temperature, humidity, processing, and pH when storing dry tea). In Indonesia, the raw materials used to produce white tea are mostly pecco from the superior GMB clone Assamica variety which has …

Shallot Cultivation Originated From True Shallot Seed (Tss) On Andisols Enriched With Various Ameliorants, Fahmi Aprianto, Mahfud Arifin, Emma Trinurani Sofyan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Application of soil ameliorants is important to improve Andisols properties and increase shallot productivity. The research objective is to determine the kind of ameliorant which the best effect on the growth and productivity of shallots originating from TSS in Andisols Lembang, West Java. The experiment was conducted in Margahayu Research Station, Lembang, West Java from January to May 2021. A randomized block design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 5 replications was set up in the field. Treatments include control (no ameliorant), 20 tons/ha of horse manure, 10 tons/ha of rice straw compost, 10 tons/ha of bamboo leaf compost, 10 tons/ha …

Soybean Genetics, Genomics, And Breeding For Improving Nutritional Value And Reducing Antinutritional Traits In Food And Feed, William M. Singer, Yi-Chen Lee, Zachary Shea, Caio Canella Vieira, Dongho Lee, Xiaoying Li, Mia Cunicelli, Shaila S. Kadam, Mohammad Amir Waseem Khan, Grover Shannon, M. A. Rouf Mian, Henry T. Nguyen, Bo Zhang

Agriculture Faculty Publications

Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] is a globally important crop due to its valuable seed composition, versatile feed, food, and industrial end-uses, and consistent genetic gain. Successful genetic gain in soybean has led to widespread adaptation and increased value for producers, processors, and consumers. Specific focus on the nutritional quality of soybean seed composition for food and feed has further elucidated genetic knowledge and bolstered breeding progress. Seed components are historical and current targets for soybean breeders seeking to improve nutritional quality of soybean. This article reviews genetic and genomic foundations for improvement of nutritionally important traits, such as protein and …

Liquid Organic Matter From Banana Peel Improves Morpho-Physiological Traits Of Coffee Seedlings, Mochamad Arief Soleh, Inaz Nuzul Zalfa, Mira Ariyanti

Jurnal Kultivasi

Due to its economic advantage, the Robusta coffee clones BP 308 and BP 939 are widely grown. Many factors affect coffee growth during the cultivation practice, especially in the availability of adequate nutrients at the nursery stages. Apart from inorganic fertilizer application, organic matter needs to be applied in the nursery stages to support plant growth, such as applying liquid organic matter (LOM) derived from banana peel waste. This study was conducted to find out how the LOM of banana peels affected the morphological and physiological responses of BP 308 and BP 939 clone Robusta coffee seedlings and what proper …

Response Differences Of Two Maize Hybrid Varieties To The Application Of Bioagent-Ameliorant And Chicken Manure In Fertile Soil, Endang Kantikowati, Karya, Yudi Yusdian, Dian Murti Minangsih, Tien Turmuktini, Erna Yuliani, Fija Faujiah

Jurnal Kultivasi

To ensure adequate nutrition for the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) in sustainable agriculture, it is necessary to apply bio-agent soil conditioner and manure. This study aims to determine the effect of doses of bioagent-ameliorant and chicken manure on growth and yield components. The research was conducted in highland with an altitude 800 m above sea level. This study used an experimental method with two sets of experiments, namely experiments using one and two-cobs maize cultivars. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with two treatment factors and three replications. The first treatment factor was the dose of …

Morphophysiological Characteristics Of Upland Rice Plants With Organic Approach Through Reduced Npk Fertilizer And Wood Vinegar Application, Yugi Rahayu Ahadiyat, Ahmad Fauzi

Jurnal Kultivasi

Unefficient use of synthetic fertilizer in upland rice production leads to the low productivity and tends to harm the environtment. An organic approach by using wood vinegar is promising to improve the fertilizer efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the response of upland rice with the application of different wood vinegar and synthetic fertilizer N-P-K rates on morpho-physiological characters. A split plot design with the main plot of N-P-K fertilizer and a subplot of wood vinegar was applied with three replications. Growth and physiological character were observed. The data were analyzed by the F test, then proceed …

Interactive Effects Of Npk Fertilizer And Paclobutrazol Concentration On Growth And Yield Of Hanjeli (Coix Lacryma-Jobi L.), Medita Johana Pakula Bafiqi, Tati Nurmala, Muhamad Kadapi

Jurnal Kultivasi

The balance between growth and crop yield can be manipulated by exploiting nutrient and retardant interactions. This study is aiming to assess the effects of various combinations of NPK 16-16-16 fertilizer in different doses, along with the application of multiple concentrations of paclobutrazol on the growth and yield of hanjeli. This experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Ciparanje, Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang from February 2021 to August 2021. This research was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of 200 kg ha-1, 250 kg ha-1, and 300 kg ha-1. …

Evaluation Of Physiological Quality Of Seed On Yield Of Yellow And Black Soybean Treated With Biological Seed Coating, Muhamad Kadapi, Priscilla Olga Salim, Sumadi

Jurnal Kultivasi

The demand for soybeans as one of cereal commodities increases every year, however, to meet the production and demand level is still challenging in Indonesia. One of the causes of low soybean production is stress during cultivation, lack of nutrients, or poor quality of soybean seeds. One solution is to increase seed protection by coating the seeds with an environmentally friendly biological seed coating. This study aims to obtain the best biological seed coating for increasing soybean seed viability, vigor, and yield. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture Experimental Station of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor from August to …

Emerging Trends In Wheat (Triticum Spp.) Breeding: Implications For The Future, Mujahid Alam, P. Stephen Baenziger, Katherine Anna Frels

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Wheat (Triticum spp and, particularly, T. aestivum L.) is an essential cereal with increased human and animal nutritional demand. Therefore, there is a need to enhance wheat yield and genetic gain using modern breeding technologies alongside proven methods to achieve the necessary increases in productivity. These modern technologies will allow breeders to develop improved wheat cultivars more quickly and efficiently. This review aims to highlight the emerging technological trends used worldwide in wheat breeding, with a focus on enhancing wheat yield. The key technologies for introducing variation (hybridization among the species, synthetic wheat, and hybridization; genetically modified wheat; transgenic …