Digital Commons Network^™

Influence Of Vegetation Patch Characteristics On Discriminatory Grazing By Dairy Cows, W M. Griffiths, J Hodgson, G C. Arnold, C W. Homes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two studies involving the sequential grazing of sets of patches on a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) sward were carried out to investigate the effects of patch characteristics on the selective behaviour of grazing cattle. Experiment 1 involved a range of combinations of sward height (8.9 - 19.6 cm) and bulk density (1.33 - 1.67 mg DM/cm3). Distribution of grazing activity (number of bites or residence time) was strongly and positively related to patch height, but additional effects of variation in bulk density were limited. In Experiment 2 patches were manipulated to offer contrasts in both height (13.4 and …

Shade For Cattle On Pasture: A Guide For Ontario Producers, E J. Finegan, T M. Widowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In tropical climates, adequate shade may be essential to ensure the survival and productivity of grazing animals, but in the temperate Ontario climate, the necessity or benefits of providing shade for grazing cattle are less clear, and have proved controversial. Meteorological data indicate that beef cattle in Ontario may be at risk of suffering from heat stress on more than 25% of days during July and August, and may decrease feed intake and benefit from the provision of shade for more than 50% of days during the two hottest summer months. A booklet, entitled ‘Beat the Heat. A Guide …

Leveraging Digital Agriculture For On-Farm Testing Of Technologies, Laila A. Puntel, Laura J. Thompson, Taro Mieno

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The Precision Nitrogen Project (PNP) worked with more than 80 corn and winter wheat producers to inexpensively design and implement randomized, replicated field strip trials on whole commercial farm fields, and to provide site-specific testing of current nitrogen (N) technologies. This article proposes a conceptual framework and detailed procedure to select the N technology to be tested; design and implement field trials; generate, process, and manage field trial data; and automatically analyze, report, and share benefits from precision N technology. The selection of the N technology was farmer-driven to ensure a good fit and to increase the likelihood of future …

Halosulfuron Plus Prosulfuron And Propanil Interactions For Weed Control In Louisiana Rice Production, John A. Williams

LSU Master's Theses

A greenhouse study was conducted on November 18, and December 2, 2020 at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana to evaluate the interaction between a pre-packaged mixture of halosulfuron plus prosulfuron mixed with propanil for alligatorweed control. Antagonism occurred when halosulfuron plus prosulfuron at 55 g ha-1 was mixed with propanil at 2,242 g ha-1 at all evaluation dates and antagonism was also observed with halosulfuron plus prosulfuron at 83 g ha-1 mixed with propanil at 2,242 g ha-1 at all evaluation dates except 14 DAT with observed controls of 69 to 77% compared with expected controls of 94 …

Screening Ryegrass Cultivars For Aluminium Sensitivity In Nutrient Soluations, F O. Gallardo, S Benavides, R Demanet, F Borie

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to evaluate Al and H+ tolerance of nine ryegrass (Lolium perenne and L. multiflorum) cultivars by growing plants in a mineral solution (pH 4.8 and 6.0 and 0-200 (M Al). Results showed that Yatsyn-1, with a relative root length of 91 was the cultivar least affected by acidity (H+), and Concord ( RRLpH = 58) was the cultivar with the highest H+ sensitivity. In connection with Al-tolerance, Yatsyn-1 and Concord, were the most tolerant cultivars with 88 and 87 RRLAl, respectively whereas Nui and Marathon, were the most sensitive ones, reaching only …

Use Of Flow Cytometer In Breeding Festuca X Lolium Hybrids, M C. Kerlan, M Ghesquiere

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ploidy in various generic Lolium - Festuca progenies were assessed by flow cytometry and compared to conventional chromosome counting. In non-segregating triploid and tetraploid progenies, the cytometer estimated so accurately the level of plant ploidy that chromosomes counting would be no use. In segregant progenies, all the tetraploid plants according to the cytometer had effectively 28 chromosomes. Among the triploid and pentaploid plants detected by the cytometer, 40% of the plants were tetraploid. They represented only 29% of the progeny which must be counted. The flow cytometry can be used in routine interspecific breeding programmes. Conventional chromosome counting should be …

Selection Of Interspecific Hybrids Of Brachiaria-A Tropical Forage Grass, C B. Do Valle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of the breeding program at the National Beef Cattle Research Center (CNPGC) of the Brazilian Corporation for Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA), is to produce vigorous apomictic hybrids with wide edaphic adaptation, good production and nutritive value combined with spittlebug (Homoptera:Cercopidea) resistance. Fiftysix superior hybrids were selected based on visual estimates of vigor, leafiness, tolerance to drought and natural spittlebug infestation in the field. These were characterized for mode of reproduction, spittlebug reaction under controlled conditions and for morphological diversity using nine selected traits. Multivariate analysis classified the population into seven groups where the hybrids were clearly intermediate in plant …

Introduction Of Vegetative And Reproductive Characters Into Trifolium Repens By Interspecific Hybridisation, A H. Marshall, T P.T Michaelson-Yeates, M Meredith, D H. Hides

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Interspecific hybridization between white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and ball clover (T.nigrescens) and Caucasian clover (T.ambiguum) is a means of improving the reproductive growth and persistency of T.repens. F1 hybrids between T.repens and T.nigrescens were produced without ovule culture and confirmed as true hybrids by chromosome counts, isoenzyme analysis and leaf markers. Their growth habit was generally intermediate between the two parents. After backcrossing to T.repens the BC1 and BC2 hybrids had more of the characteristics associated with T.repens though they retained some of the greater reproductive growth of …

Plants Reduced Nitrous Oxide Emissions From A Northern Great Plains Saline/Sodic Soil, Sharon A. Clay, Thandiwe Nleya, David E. Clay, Deepak Joshi, Dwarika Bhattarai, Shin-Yi Marzano, Bhanu Prakash Petla

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

The slowly establishing salt-tolerant perennial grasses reduced nitrous oxide (N2 O- N) emissions from saline/sodic soil compared to barren areas. Other salt-tolerant species may accelerate vegetative establishment and reduce N 2 O-N emissions. In a greenhouse study, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Florida broadleaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.), and Kernza intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey] were grown for 63 days to compare shoot biomass and chemical composition, N 2 O-N emissions, and the soil microbiome between saline/sodic and productive (non-salt impacted) soils. Emissions were measured six times daily from 1 to 22 and 42 to 63 …

Feeding Behavior Of Sweet Potato Weevil, Cylas Formicarius (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) On Three Sweet Potato, Ipomoea Batatas L. Cultivars Grown In Tarlac, Philippines, Jerah Mystica Novenario, Flor Ceballo-Alcantara

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Sweet potato is grown in tropical countries for its edible tubers, which have become an essential food source. It is usually propagated through vine-cutting, which can be obtained from harvested plants or nurseries intended for cutting production only. The recurrent use of vines may cause increased weevil infestation. The crop is known to be infested with insect pests. More importantly, the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius, targets the tubers, thus, causing the economic losses. Sweet potato farmers in Tarlac claim that only one sweet potato cultivar is being attacked by C. formicarius, however, it was found in this experiment that …

Effects Of Redrying Methods On The Milling Potential, Crude Protein And Total Phenolic Content, And Antioxidant Activity Of Stored Inorganic And Organically-Grown Paddy, Mary Ann Baradi, Jessica Solero, Clarence Dangcil, Gerome Corpuz, Marissa Romero

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This study sought to determine the effects of redrying techniques (no redrying or Control, 2-h, 4-h, and 6-h redrying with stirring every 30 min, Farmer's Practice or 6-h redrying with one stirring) on grain quality of stored inorganic and organic paddy rice as well as the redrying method that gives the best quality rice. PSB Rc82 rice harvested in October 2016 was used in the experiment conducted in February 2017. Quality parameters evaluated were moisture content, brown rice, total milled rice, crude protein content in percent, total phenolic content, and 2-2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. PSB Rc82 paddy exposed …

Nebline, March/April 2024

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Seven Garden Gaffes to Avoid This Year by Sarah Browning

Youth Advance Health Equity with Community-Based Research by Emily Gratopp

Recipe of the Month: Crunchy Kohlrabi Salad by Emily Gratopp

GROBigRed Virtual Learning Series

Garden Guide: Things to Do This Month

2024 Lincoln Early Childhood Conference

2024 Chemigation Training

Corn Yield Challenge for 4-H and FFA Members

Lancaster County Ag VIP Awards

4-H Teens Work Together to Lead the Lock-In

4-H Horse/Livestock Judging Teams at Nationals

Heart of 4-H Volunteer Award: Sheridan Swotek and Kim Bowen

4-H Club Gives Youth With Disabilities Opportunity to Show Lambs

4-H Rabbit Show, March …

Pollinator Communities And Their Ecosystem Services At Conservation Grasslands And Adjacent Croplands, Araceli Gomez Villegas

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Pollinators are intrinsically linked to the success of unmanaged and managed ecosystems by providing pollination services that aid in the reproduction of wildflowers and many crops. Land use change, habitat loss, fragmentation, and related landscape-level phenomena (for example, increased pesticide exposure) threaten pollinators and have been associated with population declines. In the Midwestern region of the United States, land conversion of native prairies and grasslands to row-crop agriculture has been one of the largest contributors to pollinator habitat loss. Conservation programs, such as the Conservation Reserve Program, have worked towards removing environmentally sensitive lands from agriculture production and enrolling them …

Evaluation Of Fall And Winter Trinexapac-Ethyl Applications On Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Putting Green Color, Quality, And Green Cover, J. C. Booth, W. J. Hutchens, S. D. Askew, J. M. Goatley, X. Zhang, D. S. Mccall

Horticulture Faculty Publications and Presentations

Ultradwarf bermudagrass (UDB) putting greens grown in subtropical and temperate climates can face elevated risk of winter injury from cold temperatures. Trinexapac-ethyl (TE) inhibits UDB growth potentially reducing spring green-up and overexertion of carbohydrate reserves for UDB during the cold de-acclimation period. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of fall and winter TE applications on the visual quality and color of UDB putting greens in Virginia from the cold acclimation phase through the cold de-acclimation phase. A second controlled-environment study was conducted to determine how TE applications to UDB during cold acclimation affected UDB cold tolerance. In …

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2023, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies described within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil-test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.

Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci (Qtl) For Sucrose And Protein Content In Soybean Seed, Daniel R. Jamison, Pengyin Chen, Navam Hettiarachchy, David M. Miller, Ehsanollah Shakiba

Food Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Protein and sugar content are important seed quality traits in soybean because they improve the value and sustainability of soy food and feed products. Thus, identifying Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for soybean seed protein and sugar content can benefit plant breeders and the soybean market by accelerating the breeding process via marker-assisted selection. For this study, a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between R08-3221 (high protein and low sucrose) and R07-2000 (high sucrose and low protein). Phenotypic data for protein content were taken from the F2:4 and F2:5 generations. The DA7250 NIR analyzer and …

Differential Energy Allocation Among 15 New Guineagrass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.) Hybrids, J A. Usberti Jr, R Usberti, R S. Paterniani

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The main aim of this research work was to determine trends of energy allocation among newly developed guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq) hybrids, ranging from very-early to late-flowering genotypes. Besides the flowering cycle, eight phenological and two seed quality traits were scored in a greenhouse randomized complete block experiment including plant height (PH), reproductive tiller number/overall tiller number (RTN/OTN), panicle number/reproductive tiller (PN/RT), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), panicle length (PL), fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), number of seeds/gram (NS/G) and seed sample physical purity (SPP). Very-early and early-flowering hybrids consistently showed the highest correlations values between flowering …

Lodging Resistance Evaluation In Lolium Multiflorum, Katsuo Egara, Kazuhiro Tase, Makoto Kobayashi, Hiroki Fujii

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to develop a simple technique to evaluate lodging resistance in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) for genetic improvement. Significant relationships were recognized between the pushing resistance index and actual lodging degree (ALD), and between the breaking resistance index and ALD, at the 0.1 and 5 percent levels, respectively.

Performance Of Dairy Cows, Feed Quality And N Balance On Pasture Systems With Or Without Mineral N Fertilizer, M Rodehutscord, Ina Hahner, H Spiekers, E Pfeffer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In a 2 year experiment, two levels of mineral N fertilization (nil and 225 kg N/ha) on pasture were checked for their effects on pasture yield and quality as well as for performance of dairy cows. Twenty six cows were used in each treatment and the stocking density was adapted to previous results on pasture growth rates. Cows were kept on pasture during summer and grass silages were harvested from the respective experimental areas for winter feeding periods. Digestibility of organic matter in these silages, determined in wether sheep, was always higher in those silages harvested from pasture without mineral …

Effect Of Milk Yield, Sward Height And Concentrate Supplementation Level On Herbage Intake And Grazing Behaviour Of Set-Stocked Dairy Cattle In Spring, R Pulido, J D. Leaver

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment was carried out in spring over 42 days, with 48 multiparous Holstein Friesian cows, to examine the interrelationship of milk yield level, sward height and concentrate level. Two initial milk yield groups of 21.3 and 35.5 kg/day, two range of compressed sward heights of 3 to 5 cm, and 7 to 9 cm , and three concentrate levels of 0 and 6 kg/day and ad libitum were evaluated in a factorial design. Multiple regression analyses were carried out relating intake and behavioural dependent variables to the independent variables initial milk yield (IMY), sward height (SH) and concentrate intake …

Ruminal Fill Effect Of Forages: Prediction And Relationship With Voluntary Intake, R Baumont, A Barlet, J Jamot

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Voluntary dry matter intake (VDMI) and rumen fill were measured on sheep fed with 18 forages ranging from wheat straw to lucerne hay. In vivo fill effect (IVFE i.e. rumen DM pool divided by VDMI), in situ degradability, cell-wall composition, pepsin-cellulase digestibility and in vitro gas production were determined. In situ estimated fill effect (ISFE) was calculated as the retention time of insoluble potential degradable and undegradable fractions using a constant rate of passage. ISFE and IVFE were highly correlated (r2=0.89) but ISFE values were lower than IVFE values because in situ degradability does not integrate comminution time of …

Intake And Quality Of Panicum Maximum (Cv. Gatton) Receiving Different Levels Of Nitrogen During Autumn, W.A. Van Niekerk, N F.G. Rethman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of N fertilization on the quality of Panicum maximum cv. Gatton (Panicum) and the subsequent intake thereof. Hand cut samples increased in N (1.8 - 2.7%) and NO3-N content (0.75 - 1.54%) and decreased in WSC (14.6 - 13.9 g/kg) content, but with no changes in IVDOM as N fertilization levels raised from 0 to 150 kg N/ha respectively. No changes occurred in the NDF and ADL values. The animal selected N, and IVDOM values were higher and NDF value lower than the hand cut samples, which was expected due …

Intake And Partial Digestibility Of Panicum Maximum (Cv. Gatton) At Three Stages Of Maturity During Summer, W.A. Van Niekerk, N F.G. Rethman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of stage of maturity on the intake and digestibility of P. maximum (cv. Gatton) during the active growing season. Low DM content at the young and medium growth stages (24.9 and 25.2%) did not hamper DOMI (48.8 and 44.1 g/kg W0.75/d) respectively. The N concentration of the three stages were well within the limit required for optimal rumen microbial production (1.8 - 2.0%). The high NDF value of the adult stage (59.5%) resulted in a significantly lower IVDOM value (62.3%) but the IVDOM values of all stages were on the …

Implications Of Biomechanical Characters Of Subterranean Clover On Feeding By Redlegged Earth Mite And Intake By Sheep, D A. Henry, S K. Baker, T J. Ridsdill-Smith

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The biomechanical strength of cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) that were either resistant or susceptible to feeding by redlegged earth mite was measured as the force required to penetrate their leaves with a small, tubular punch. Cotyledons and trifoliate leaves of cultivars resistant to redlegged earth mite had a higher resistance to penetration than cultivars susceptible to redlegged earth mite. Cotyledons needed a higher force to penetrate than trifoliate leaves. The possible implications for intake by ruminants of differences between the cultivars in biomechanical characters are also considered.

Bird Friendly Beef: Exploring The Impacts Of Regenerative Forage Production, B. Rigley, J. Gilley, Aem Johnson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the eastern US, managed hayfields and pasturelands represent a significant portion of remaining available grassland bird habitat, hosting several declining species including the eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna) and the grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum). However, these working landscapes have deteriorated in their ability to support grassland birds in recent decades due to more frequent and early hay cuttings and intensive grazing. Since the conservation of grassland birds is inextricably linked to agricultural systems, for conservation to be effective, land management must aim to benefit both producers and birds. Regenerative agriculture is an emerging approach that incorporates …

Comparison Between Geese, Peking Ducks And Mallards In Ability To Digest Common Rye-Grass, H Jeroch, R Timmler, G Guy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of this digestibility experiment was to observe the differences between geese, peking ducks and mallards to digest common ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Adult birds were used for the trials. The grass was frozen after harvesting, stored until the experimental period and fed in fresh constitution. The birds were reared in special single cages and had free access to water and grass. Geese have the best adapted digestive tract of all waterfowl species to consume and digest high-fibre feedstuffs. Peking ducks are able to consume a lot of grass and it seems the digestibility values are similar to …

Genotypic Effects On Condensed Tannins In The Leucaena Genus, S A. Dalzell, H M. Shelton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

One hundred and eighteen accessions of the Leucaena genus were assayed for extractable and bound condensed tannins (CT). Leucaena taxa varied from low or no CT (0-1%) to extremely high levels (>15%). There was considerable intraspecific variation in CT within key taxa. The proportion of bound tannin decreased with increasing total CT content.

Forage Grasses And Legumes With Broad Adaptation For Southeast Asia, Ibrahim, E Lanting, C Khemsawat, C C. Wong, Liu Guodao, V Phimphachanhvongsod, L H. Binh, P M. Horne

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A wide range of forages is currently being evaluated by farmers and researchers in seven countries in Southeast Asia. Broadly-adapted species have been identified for fodder banks, grazed systems, tree cropping, erosion control and improved fallows. The most promising accessions to date are Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT 184, Brachiaria decumbens cv Basilisk, Brachiaria humidicola cv Tully and CIAT 6133, CIAT 6780, Centrosema pubescens CIAT 15160 and Andropogon gayanus cv Kent and CIAT 621. Other forages that show promise are Paspalum atratum, Arachis pintoi, and Macroptilium gracile cv. Maldonado. Local seed supply and distribution systems are needed to ensure that …

Herbage Productivity And Quality Of Common Forage Shrubs And Browse Plants Grown In Ghana, P Barnes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two trials on herbage productivity and aspects of herbage quality were conducted on a number of indigenous and exotic forage shrubs and browse plants. The first trial involved 13 species and the second 4 species. The two studies were carried out concurrently in one year. In the first study, it was found that the species which combined high herbage yield and good quality feed attributes were Cajanus cajan, Calliandra calothrysus, Flemingia macrophylla, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala. These species produced more than 60g. leaf dry matter yield per metre-length in 6 months and more than 15% crude protein …

Monitoring Productivity And Quality Of Grass-Legume Pastures Under Irrigated Condition, L Tahtacioglu, A Mermer, M Avcy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The performance of six grass-white clover mixtures were evaluated in winter cold zone of Eastern Anatolia. In combination with white clover, ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) cocksfoot, (Dactylis glomerata L) and smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss) were used in double and triple plant mixtures. Average DM production ranged from 7.5 to 10 t/ha , with no significant differences observed among the mixed swards. DM production of all mixed swards significantly varied between cutting periods and years. A gradual decrease in DM production was observed both from the first to forth cut and from the first to third year. …