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Soil Science Research Report - 1984

Soil Science Research Reports

Soil Water and Water Related Studies

Effect of Irrigation on Salt and Sodium Content of Salt Affected Soils in Central Nebraska .......... Section 1

Physics of Water in Soils and Porous Media .......... Section 2

Objective Indices of Water Regimes for Comparison Purposes .......... Section 3

Water by Nutrient Interaction Studies

Effects of Oscillations in Water Levels on Nutrient Uptake .......... Section 4

Yield, Water Use, and Nutrient Uptake of Corn Hybrids Under Varied Irrigation and Nitrogen Regimes .......... Section 5

Effect of Sprinkler Irrigation Timing and Amount on Yield of Different Winter Wheat Varieties .......... Section 6

Fertilizer Experiments …

Water Erosion On Potato Land During The 1983 Growing Season Donnybrook, D J. Mcfarlane

Resource management technical reports

Soil losses over a three month period varied from 10 to 49 mm.. Soil loss was most highly correlated with length of slope of the plots. Other important factors appeared to be slope angle and soil textures. Grade furrows appear to be the best method of breaking-up long slope lengths. The low capacity of the furrows requires them to be on grades of about 4 to 4 per cent to prevent siltation and overtopping during high density storms.

Summary Of Medic-Rhizobium Field Experiments 1983 – 1984, J G. Howieson

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trials 83ME9, 83ME87, 82ME22, 82ME22A, 82ME23.

Method.

Comments

Pasture Research Programme For The Medium Rainfall Zone Of Wa, C K. Revell, C W. Thorn

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Field Assistants: I.R. Rose S.P. Davis Soil Analysis: I.A. Pritchard. A. Screening trials M. polymorpha var brevispina. M. truncatula. T. cherleri - 84KA41, 84KA42, 84KA43, 84KA47. B. Large scale M. polymorpha evaluation - 84KA38, 84KA39, 84KA40, C. Long term Medic species evaluation - 82KA44, 82KA45. D. Species characterization trials - 83KA66, 83KA67. E. M. murex evaluation - 83KA45. F. Dwalganup replacement subclovers - 83KA69. Since 1981, the major emphasis of the Katanning pasture programme has been to select pasture species suitable for replacing ryegrass on soils where Annual Ryegrass Toxicity (ARGT) has been a major problem. These soils have traditionally …

Cercospora Disease Of Subterranean Clover, Root Rot, Cereal Smuts, Rapeseed Diseases, M J. Barbetti

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Cercospora disease of subterranean clover: - . Susceptibility to and losses from cercospora on sub-clover cultivars. Locality: Bibby Springs, Cervantes. (84M073, 84M075, 84M076). Subterranean clover root rot: - Seed treatments for root rot control. Locality: Albany (84AL39); Scott River (84 BU11). Fungicide drenches for root rot control. Locality: Perth (84PE22) using intact cores from Albany and Scott River. Cultivar screening for resistance to root rot fungi. Locality: Perth (84PE24) with field plantings at Albany and Scott River. Methyl bromide fumigation for control of sub-clover root rot. Locality: Vasse Research Station (84V15). Two sites. Cereal smuts – Fungicidal control of loose …

Studies On The Effects Of Nutrition And Tillage Systems On Cereal Root Diseases, R F. Brennan

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. Split Applications of Nitrogen and Take-all 84N1. 2. Split Applications of Nitrogen and Take-all 84E2. 3. Split Applications of Nitrogen and Take-all 84MT4. 4. Split Applications of Nitrogen and Take-all 84LG1. 5. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Rates and Take-all 83ES41. 6. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Rates and Take-all 83ES42. 7. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Rates and Take-all 83ES43. 8. Micronutrients (Cu, Zn) and Take-all 83ES39. 9. Micronutrients (Cu, Zn) and Take-all 83ES40. 10. Cu Residual on Wheat and Take-all 67E9. 11. Cu Residual on wheat and Take-all 67E8. 12. Take-all and Manganese/Ammonium Interaction 84LG2. 13. Take-all and Manganese/Ammonium Interaction 84MT5. 14. Take-all …

Chemical Manipulation Of Pasture Leys To Regulate Composition Ll., C W. Thorn, M W. Perry, P Fievez

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Introduction.

Materials and methods.

Experimental design.

Sowing.

Herbicides.

Measurements.

Results.

Discussion.

Conclusions.

Historical Crop / Climate Relationships In South Dakota, D.G. Kenefick, J.C. Harlan, K.K. Weischedel, P.D. Evenson

Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Publications

Crop performance and climatic records were collated for high production counties in South Dakota to evaluate the effects of temperature and precipitation on yields. The crops involved were corn, soybeans, sorghum, oats, spring wheat, and winter wheat. Records were compared for the period from 1965 to 1982. The computer data file for each county includes seven climatic parameters, dates of plant development, adjusted yield-and yield rank by year. The crop/climate record for the 17-year period was evaluated in sixteen counties per crop each year. Thus, 272 county x year observations were made for each crop, except for soybeans which involved …

Soil Acidity On High Rainfall Pastures, J S. Yeates, D. A. Mcghie, I. R. Wilson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Most soils of the high rainfall area of south-western Western Australia are naturally acis.

The most acid group of soils, the peaty sands. have been routinely limed before subterranean clover pastures were established since research in the 1950s showed that poor Rhizobium nodulation could be overcome with the application of about 2 tonnes per hectare of coastal limesand.

Algal Growth And The Phosphorus Cycle, Arthur J. Mccomb, K. S. Hamel, A. L. Huber, D. K. Kidby, R. J. Lukatelich

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Larger algae and microscopic phytoplankton foul the waters of the Peel-Harvey estuarine system, upsetting the fishery and polluting the beaches.

These aquatic plants grow in response to phosphorus runoff from drainage, trapping phosphorus in the estuary and using it in their growth. When they die this phosphorus remains in the system to be recycled for further plant growth.

Algal pollution in the estuary can be lessened by reducing the amount of phosphorus entering the system, increasing phosphorus losses to the ocean, or in some way blocking the trapping and recycling processes.

Soil Improvement With Bauxite Residues, W H. Tacey, S. C. Ward, K. J. Summers, N. J. Barrow

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The sandy soils of the Peel-Harvey catchment hold water and nutrients very poorly. The Gavin ridges dry out quickly during rainless periods and this severely limits pasture growth. These ridges and the lower lying Joel and Coolup sands also lose a large proportion of the phosphorus, sulfer and potash fertilisers applied to them. Normally the sands lack clay materials to bind and hold the nutrients so rainfall leaches them out.

The Peel-Harvey Study Group, CSIRO, Alcoa and Murdock University have studied the use of a residue from bauxite mining to help overcome these problems. The treated residue has a texture …

Soil Acidity And Legume Nodulation, J G. Howieson, M. A. Ewing

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Nitrogen is a basic constituent of protien and is essential to all forms of life. Many agricultural plants are legumes - a group of plants which, in co-operation with specialised soil bacteria, fix their own nitrogen from the air. When the legume dies, the organic matter breaks down anf the nitrogen becomes available to the following crops.

Soil acidity is a major factor limitimg the successful association between legumes and their beneficial soil bacteria in Western Australia.

Breeding Wheat Varieties For Acid Soils, I R. Barclay

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Wheat varieties with improved tolerance of acid soils cold increase yeilds be perhaps 20 per cent or more over a substantialarea ofWestern Australia's eastern wheatbelt.

Aluminium toxicity is probably the main cause of poor root growth and therefore reduced yields on these soils.

Soil Acidity In The Eastern Wheatbelt, W M. Porter, I. R. Wilson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In Western Australia parts of the sandplain of the eastern wheatbelt are very acid and produce poor crops, It was not until the late 1970s that the effect of soil acidity on the productivity of the sandplain soils was examined in any detail.

Since then researchers have learnt a great deal about the nature of soil acidity in the eastern wheatbelt sandplain soils and can suggest management options for farmers.

This article discisses the problem of the very acid soils. It does not deal with the moderately acid, medium textured soils of the eastern wheatbelt. Although the acidity of these …

Die Mongoleisammlung Im Herbarium Der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Werner Hilbig

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Das Herbarium der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg besitzt eine umfangreiche Sammlung von Pflanzen aus der Mongolei. Das im wesentlichen während gemeinsamer deutsch-mongolischer biologischer Expeditionen gesammelte Material liegt als selbständige Sammlung vor. Sie enthält ca. 8000 Bögen höherer Pflanzen und umfaßt ca. 1300 determinierte Arten. Ein bedeutender Teil wurde von Spezialisten bestimmt. Umfangreich sind auch die Aufsammlungen von Flechten und Moosen , geringer die von Pilzen. Es konnten hierbei wie bei den höheren Pflanzen zahlreiche Erstnachweise erbracht werden.

In der Hauptsammlung des Herbariums sind Herbarbelege v on Pflanzen des mongolischen und südsibirischen Raumes aus dem 19. Jahrhundert enthalten, z. T. von A . …

Sulphur Nutrition Of Pastures. Potassium Nutrition Of High Rainfall Pastures On Deep Sands, J. S. Yeates, M. F. Clarke

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

A. Sulphur - High Rainfall. 1. Sources, rates, time of application of sulphur to pastures - 80AL1, 80AL4, 80AL48. 2. Sulphur nutrition of pastures - 83PE36. 3. S sources and rates on sandy soils of the high rainfall areas - 84HA20, 84HA27. 4. Maintenance of S on pastures on sandy soils - 84AL35, 84HA19, B4HA26. B. Sulphur - Low Rainfall. 1. Sulphur on pastures - 82AL9, 82KA4. C. Potassium. 1. Sources, rates, time of application of potassium on high rainfall deep sand pastures - 80AL6.

Clover, Bluegreen Aphid And Red Legged Mite Screening, Medicago Murex Evaluation, D J. Gillespie

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Clover scorch: In spite of poor seasonal conditions, adequate levels of clover scorch developed in the test plots to readily identify susceptible clovers. Of the 333 introductions tested, 23% scored 3.0 or less indicating a high level of resistance. Bluegreen aphid screening: Two hundred and twenty four randomly selected subterranean clovers from all Western Mediterranean collections were tested for resistance to BGA in Nov/Dec of 1983. The susceptibility of annual legumes to Bluegreen aphid. Red legged earth mite screening: Results of two preliminary experiments to develop techniques for mass screening for RLEM resistance in subterranean clover were reported last year. …

Lupin Growth And Water Use; Wheat, Barley, Pea, Rob Delane, J. Hamblin, A Bishop Ms

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

84C16/84C17 Lupin Growth and Water Use. 84C19 Effect of Density and Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Uniculm and Tillering Wheat. 84C20 Maturity, Nitrogen and Density Effects of Barley. 84C21 Wheat Variety Trial. 84C18/23/28/33 Pea Research in the Geraldton Region. 84C32 Effect of Terra Sorb on Wheat Yield.

Cereal Crop Tolerance To Herbicides, D Bowran, R Madin, A Lindsay

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

The 1984 experimental programme was a continuation of that started in 1981. The programme was aimed at evaluating the major herbicides in current use for cereals as well as new herbicides against the recommended varieties at three main sites, these being Wongan Hills, Merredin and Mt Barker. In addition Stage 4 breeding lines were evaluated against the same herbicides but only at Wongan Hills. The herbicides used and their rates and time of application are presented in Table 1. Herbicides were applied at both the recommended and twice the recommended rates of application, except in the breeding line trial where …

Phosphorus Nutrition Of High Rainfall Pastures - Peel Harvey Estuarine System Study, J S. Yeates, D M. Deeley, M. F. Clarke, R A. Deyl, G. Cockerton

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. Field experiments. A. Sources, rates, time of application of phosphorous on high rainfall Pastures - 80AL2, 80ALS, 81AL5, 81AL6, 81KE2, 81MA4, 82AL10, 82HA31, 82HA32, 83HA26, 83HA27. B. Soil test calibration curve trials. 82HA20, 82HA26, 82HA29, 83HA20, 83HA21, 83HA22, 83HA23, 83HA24, 83HA25. C. P sources and rates on sandy soils of the high rainfall areas - 84AL33, 84AL34, 84HA18, 84HA25. D.Maintenance P trials - 84AL32, 84HA17, 84HA24, 84HA28. 2.Glasshouse Experiments. 84GL5 - 1. Phosphorus sources on subterranean clover on sandy soils. 2. Soil test calibration experiment.

Lupins Wheat Rotation Long Term Rotation Trials, I Rowland, W Hawkins

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Long term rotation trials - 66M29, 67Cl3, 67N4, 68E5, 68SG5, 73SG16.

Lupins Wheat Rotation - 80TS3, 82TS2, 82M26.

Ecology Of Skeleton Weed (Chondrilla Juncea) In Western Australia, F D. Panetta

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

For the first time a laboratory for conducting this type of research has been established in South Perth, and it has been possible to type plants from mature leaf material. This obviates the necessity of waiting for plants to seed to be able to identify them. A total of six new collections were identified as belonging to either the broad-leaf or narrow-leaf forms, the locations for which are given in Table l.l..

Seed viability. To determine the amounts, viability and dormancy status of seeds produced by field-grown plants during summer and autumn months. Time course of seed production by field-grown …

Pleiochaeta Soil Survey, M Sweetingham

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. Pleiochaeta soil survey - Moora District, March 1984. 2. Lupin root rot trials - 84A40, 84BA26, 84GE50, 84GE56, 84MO82, 85NO59, 84WH28. 3. Fungicides for Rhizoctonia patch control - 84E25, 84E28. 4. 83WH29 : Effect of rotation on wheat diseases. 5. Root disease in long term wheat-lupin rotation trials - 68E5, 79GE37, 80TS2, 81LG29, 82M26.

Soil Acidity And Liming In The Lower Great Southern, R N. Glencross, M. G. Clarke

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In the 375 to 750 millimetre rainfall area of the Lower Great Southern, reports of loss of subterranean clover from established pastures, reduced carrying capacity for sheep and increasing soil acidity lead to the establishment in 1981 of a research programme into the effects of soil acidity on pasture productivity in that region.

Phosphorus Nutrition, M D A Bolland, M J. Baker

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial No.: 84E31 Location: Esperance Downs Research Station.Results: Fertilizer: TSP = triple superphosphate; NCRP = North Carolina rock phosphate; DRP = Duchess rock phosphate. Cultivation: UC = fertilizer applied to the soil surface and left there: C = fertilizer cultivated into the top 10 cm of soil with a rotary hoe after application to the soil surface. Trial No.: 84M63. Location: South Bodallin (Merredin Research Station). Results: TSP = triple superphosphate; NCRP = North Carolina rock phosphate; DRP = Duchess rock phosphate. UC = fertilizer applied to the soil surface and left there; C = fertilizer mixed in to the …

Foliar Disease Of Wheat, A. G. P. Brown

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Wheat leaf diseases were at much reduced levels in 1984. This may have been caused by prolonged summer rain prematurely setting off dispersal of spores and also initiating microbiological breakdown of stubble residues. No survey was carried out in 1984 but a good indication of the seasonal effect can be gained by noting that in the spray-timing experiment at Badgingarra disease levels were extremely low until the end of August some 90 days after sowing. Timing of fungicide for Septoria and Yellow Spot control. 84BA32, 84GE59. Effect of Yellow-spot at Merredin (with S. Trevenen) 84ME57. Yellow-spot is common though not …

Control Of Black Spot; Peas, Potatoes, Lettuce, Eleanor M. Carter

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Please find attached summaries for all experiments completed as at February 1, 1985. Crop Trial number Title Status Peas - 84MT49 Control of black spot Completed. Potatoes - 84PE25 Varietal susceptibility - Powdery scab Completed 84MD46 Varietal susceptibility to soft rot Erwinia Completed 84PE31 Yield loss and disease damage of potatoes due to Erwinia species Aborted 84MD37, 84PE32, 84PE33: Incidence of soft rot Erwinia in potato/cauliflower rotations Completed 84MN31 Yield loss and disease damage of potatoes due to Erwinia species Continuing 84MN32 Varietal susceptibility to soft rot Erwinia Continuing 84MN33 Incidence of soft rot Erwinia in potato crops Continuing Lettuce …

Water Use Of Alternative Wheatbelt Crop Species, A P. Hamblin, M W. Perry, D Tennant, Neil C. Turner Dr

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

84M5, 84M6, 84M7. Location: Merredin Research Station Merredin, Western Australia. Three experiments were conducted to measure the productivity and water use of alternative wheatbelt crop species on contrasting soil types in a dry mediterranean environment. Crop species investigated were wheat, barley, cereal rye, narrow leafed lupin and field pea. These were grown on three contrasting soil types, a red-brown earth, a sandy loam over clay and a deep loamy sand; all soils occurring within close proximity to each other. Detailed measurements were made of meteorological conditions, dry matter production, leaf area, root growth, soil water profiles, light interception and plant …

Take-All Of Cereals. Rhizoctonia Patch Of Cereals, G C. Macnish

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Part 1. A. Take all of cereals: Effect of nitrogen sources on take-all. 76LG25 (N = 50kg/ha) 82NE34. 77E4 (N = 25kg/ha). 77MT19 (N = 45 kg/ha). B. RHIZOCTONIA PATCH OF CEREALS: Rhizoctonia patch on lupins - 82E17. Abbreviations used: D - Drilled with seed G.S. - Growth stage based on H. Fisher scale NA - Not available N – Nitrogen P - Phosphorus TA - Take-all TD - Topdressed D.D. - Direct drilled T.D.D. - Triple disc drill As - Ammonium sulphate An - Ammonium nitrate (Agran 34) Sn - Sodium nitrate Ag1 - Agras No. 1 Ag2 - …

Molybdenum Nutrition, M M. Riley

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Field trials. 1. Residual value of Molybdenum on an acid soil - 81NO40. 2. Residual value of Molybdenum on an acid soil - 81M2. 3. Residual value of Molybdenum on an acid soil - 81LG12. 4. Residual value of Molybdenum on an acid soil - 83ME82. 5. Residual value of Molybdenum on and acid soil - 82NO7. 6. Residual values of different Molybdenum sources - 84ME10. 7. Residual values of different Molybdenum sources - 84GE49. 8. Molybdenum requirements of wheat and lupins - 83ME10. 9. Molybdenum requirements of wheat, triticale and lupins - 84ME8. 10. Forms and rates of soil …