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Seagrass Community Change At Three High Risk Ports In The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area From 2005 To 2014, Celeste Venolia

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Seagrass meadows are extremely valuable and dynamic ecosystems currently facing pressure from anthropogenic disturbances. Seagrass ecosystems are declining globally because of direct and indirect threats that shift environmental conditions controlling seagrass distribution. Seagrass species responses to disturbances vary based on a number of factors including life history strategy. The goal of this study was to map and analyze patterns of dominant seagrass species change at Cairns and Gladstone from 2005-2014 and Townsville from 2007-2014. This compilation data set was symbolized according to the life history strategy of the species. The major disturbances during this time period were physical damage from …

Invasive Grasses Consistently Create Similar Plant-Soil Feedback Types In Soils Collected From Geographically Distant Locations, Lora B. Perkins, Gary Hatfield, Erin K. Espeland

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Aims Plants of similar life forms and closely related species have been observed to create similar types of plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs). However, investigations of the consistency of PSFs within species have not yielded clear results. For example, it has been reported that species create different types of PSFs in their native and introduced ranges. The aim of this project is to examine if four species create similar PSF types from soils collected from widely distributed areas within their introduced range. The soil for this project was collected from three areas in western North America. With this design, we aim to …

Pengaruh Penambahan Arang Sekam Dan Jumlah Cabang Produksi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman, Hasil Dan Kualitas Buah Tomat Kultivar Doufu Hasil Sambung Batang Pada Inceptisol Jatinangor, Nasrulloh, Tino Mutiarawati, Wawan Sutari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Tomat beef merupakan salah satu jenis tomat yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi. Salah satu teknik budidaya yang dapat diguna-kan untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman tomat yaitu perbaikan media tanam dengan penambahan arang sekam dan mengatur jumlah cabang produksi. Percobaan bertujuan untuk mempelajari berbagai dosis arang sekam dan jumlah cabang produksi yang baik untuk pertumbuhan, hasil dan kualitas tomat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Terkendali, Fakultas Pertanian, Univer-sitas Padjadjaran di Jatinangor. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah penambahan arang sekam dengan empat taraf: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% dan anak petak adalah jumlah cabang produksi dengan dua …

Nanoparticles Composed Of Zn And Zno Inhibit Peronospora Tabacina Spore Germination In Vitro And P. Tabacina Infectivity On Tobacco Leaves, George Wagner, Victor Korenkov, Jonathan D. Judy, Paul M. Bertsch

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being used for commercial purposes and certain NP types have been shown to have broad spectrum antibacterial activity. In contrast, their activities against fungi and fungi-like oomycetes are less studied. Here, we examined the potential of two types of commercially available Zn NPs (Zn NPs and ZnO NPs) to inhibit spore germination and infectivity on tobacco leaves resulting from exposure to the fungi-like oomycete pathogen Peronospora tabacina (P. tabacina). Both types of NPs, as well as ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO control treatments, inhibited spore germination compared to a blank control. ZnO ENMs …

Developing Probability Maps For Locating And Scouting Unprotected Areas Of Gravel Hill Prairies On Rodman Soils Along The Wabash River Valley Near Lafayette, Indiana, Ryan W.R. Schroeder

Engagement & Service-Learning Summit

No abstract provided.

Identifying Rare Fhb-Resistant Segregants In Intransigent Backcross And F2 Winter Wheat Populations, Anthony J. Clark, Daniela Sarti-Dvorjak, Gina Brown-Guedira, Yanhong Dong, Byung-Kee Baik, David A. Van Sanford

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telomorph: Gibberella zeae Schwein.(Petch)] in the US, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum L.). Infected grain is usually contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON), a serious mycotoxin. The challenge in FHB resistance breeding is combining resistance with superior agronomic and quality characteristics. Exotic QTL are widely used to improve FHB resistance. Success depends on the genetic background into which the QTL are introgressed, whether through backcrossing or forward crossing; QTL expression is impossible to predict. In this study four high-yielding soft red …

Mapping Irrigated And Rainfed Wheat Areas Using Multi-Temporal Satellite Data, Ning Jin, Bo Tao, Wei Ren, Meichen Feng, Rui Sun, Liang He, Wei Zhuang, Qiang Yu

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Irrigation is crucial to agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas and significantly contributes to crop development, food diversity and the sustainability of agro-ecosystems. For a specific crop, the separation of its irrigated and rainfed areas is difficult, because their phenology is similar and therefore less distinguishable, especially when there are phenology shifts due to various factors, such as elevation and latitude. In this study, we present a simple, but robust method to map irrigated and rainfed wheat areas in a semi-arid region of China. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at a 30 × 30 m spatial resolution …

How Can Agroforestry Help Landowners Adapt To Increased Rain Intensity?

Working Trees (USDA-NAC)

Agroforestry practices can help landowners adapt to increased rain intensity.

Uplc–Qtof–Ms And Nmr Analyses Of Graviola (Annona Muricata) Leaves, Ingrid De Moraes, Paulo Ribeiro, Flávio Schmidt, Kirley Canuto, Guilherme Zocolo, Edy De Brito, Rensheng Luo, Kristy Richards, Kevin Tran, Robert Smith

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Plant Community Composition And Structure Monitoring For Scotts Bluff National Monument, 2011-2015 Summary Report, Isabel W. Ashton, Christopher J. Davis

United States National Park Service: Publications

Executive Summary

The Northern Great Plains Inventory & Monitoring Program and Fire Effects Program have been monitoring vegetation in Scotts Bluff National Monument for over 18 years. While methods have changed slightly, this report summarizes data from over 80 locations from 1998-2015. Below, we list the questions we asked using these data and provide a summarized answer. For more details see the full report. A summary of the current condition (2011-2015) and trends (based on 1988-2015) in plant communities at Scotts Bluff is found in Table ES-1.

1. What is the current status of plant community composition and structure of …

Characterizing Genotype X Management Interactions On Soybean Seed Yield, David A. Marburger, Bryson J. Haverkamp, Randall G. Laurenz, John M. Orlowski, Eric W. Wilson, Shaun N. Casteel, Chad D. Lee, Seth L. Naeve, Emerson D. Nafziger, Kraig L. Roozeboom, William J. Ross, Kurt D. Thelen, Shawn P. Conley

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Increased soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] commodity prices in recent years have generated interest in high-input systems to increase yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of current, high-yielding cultivars under high- and low-input systems on soybean yield and yield components. Research trials were conducted at 19 locations spanning nine states from 2012 to 2014. At each location, six high-yielding cultivars were grown under three input systems: (i) standard practice (SP, current recommended practices), (ii) high-input treatment consisting of a seed treatment fungicide, insecticide, nematistat, inoculant, and lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO); soil-applied N fertilizer; foliar LCO, fertilizer, …

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2015, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies described within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil-test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.

Influence Of Temperature On Intra- And Interspecific Resource Utilization Within A Community Of Lepidopteran Maize Stemborers, Eric Siaw Ntiri, Paul Andre Calatayud, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Fritz Schulthess, Bruno Pierre Le Ru

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Competition or facilitation characterises intra- And interspecific interactions within communities of species that utilize the same resources. Temperature is an important factor influencing those interactions and eventual outcomes. The noctuid stemborers, Busseola fusca and Sesamia calamistis and the crambid Chilo partellus attack maize in sub-Saharan Africa. They often occur as a community of interacting species in the same field and plant at all elevations. The influence of temperature on the intra- And interspecific interactions among larvae of these species, was studied using potted maize plants exposed to varying temperatures in a greenhouse and artificial stems kept at different constant temperatures …

Review Of Land Capability Assessment For The Swan Valley, Peter Tille, Angela Stuart-Street

Resource management technical reports

Land capability review for the Swan Valley.

The land capability review of the Swan Valley examined and updated previous soil and capability studies done in the area, which are still considered highly relevant for the planning requirements of the Swan Valley. As a result we have updated information on the potential for irrigated agriculture in the Swan Valley which will guide decision-making in the future.

This review uses a modified version of a new approach to presenting information for land use planning, developed by DAFWA in the Mid West region.

The main findings of the review include:

• The alluvial terraces …

Photo Highlights Of The 14th Heart Of America Grazing Conference, Heart Of America Grazing Conference

Kentucky Grazing Conference

No abstract provided.

Picking Apples Off The Grazing Tree: How Far Can We Extend The Grazing Season Profitably?, Greg S. Halich

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Will grazing more and feeding less hay always increase profitability? There are many cases where cattle farmers could graze more days profitably. I would guess that more than half the cattlemen in Kentucky and the region could find ways to do so. But the statement is not universally correct and we need to evaluate the specific situation to determine if increasing grazing days will pay off.

Grazing Corn To Maximize Late Summer And Fall Gains, Jeff Lehmkuhler, Eric Vanzant

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Corn is a warm-season grass with a growth pattern dependent on temperatures. Warmer temperatures accelerate growth while cooler temperatures slow maturation. Thermal time is often referred to as Growing Degree Days (GGD) and calculated as GGD = ((Max Temp – Min Temp)/2) – 50 when calculating in Fahrenheit (Nielsen, 2012). In the upper transition zone, corn thrives and is the major planted crop. The warmer temperatures of the summer months combined with adequate precipitation allows this crop to be a potentially high yielding crop.

Native Warm-Season Grasses: Naturally Adapted Productive Pastures, Pat Keyser

Kentucky Grazing Conference

The series of severe droughts between 2007 and 2012 resulted in substantial decreases in cattle numbers – and enterprises – in our region. Some of the impact of these droughts may have been offset if producers in the region had reliable, drought-resilient summer forages. For all of the benefits of tall fescue, it was never meant to provide our summer forage. After all, it is a cool-season grass. What we have been learning about toxicosis in recent years further emphasizes the value of having alternative forages available during summer months.

How Diversity Extends The Grazing Season At Dogwood Farm, Debby Dulworth

Kentucky Grazing Conference

This article was previously published in Cow Country News.

Cattle are a valuable resource these days, in ways that most people, consumers and producers alike, haven’t yet realized. Putting some other resources into making the change for a better grazing system makes sense, especially here in Kentucky, where grass has, in the past, been the basis of a healthy and expansive economy. Grass can once again be the basis for a healthy economy, if enough people with the vision to see its possibilities get involved and make it happen. A truly healthy economy begins with good human health and …

Putting Some Pop Back In Your Crop: Alfalfa In Crop Rotations, Ben M. Goff

Kentucky Grazing Conference

While alfalfa is often recognized as the “Queen of the Forages”, corn may be considered “King of the Crops” and currently ranks as the nation’s largest acreage crop with over 87 million acres. The corn acreage U.S. has continued to increase in recent years for various reasons including greater market demand, a shift towards larger farms that focus on a fewer number of crops, and the development of improved varieties and management practices. According to the U.S. Census of Agriculture, the acreage devoted to corn and soybeans has risen by 64 and 255%, respectively, over the last 30 years, while …

Reduced Or Low Lignin Alfalfa: Advantages For Hay And Grazing, S. Ray Smith

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Lignin is an essential structural component of all land plants. It fills spaces in the cell wall between cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Lignin provides the strength to plants from giant Sequoia trees to alfalfa growing in hay fields. A good analogy is that lignin is like the steel reinforcing rods in concrete. Life on earth would not be possible without lignin to allow plants to grow upright. The limitation for livestock is that lignin is indigestible. Forage breeders have long realized that the quickest way to improve forage quality would be to reduce lignin concentration, but if lignin is reduced …

Grazing Alfalfa: Producer Perspective, Bob Hall

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Scott County native Robert (Bob) Hall, Jr. is a man of many hats. He and his wife Bonnie have embarked on many ventures on their farm including sheep, hogs and tobacco. Hall was born and raised on the farm outside of Georgetown, where he currently resides and operates a stocker operation. Some may recognize Hall for the feed mill he purchased in the 1960’s known as Hallway Feeds. Early in the Mill’s history over 90 percent of their sales were to dairy producers. Now 95 percent of company’s sales go to the equine industry. Hallway Feed is sold and distributed …

'Lacefield Maxqll' Novel Tall Fescue, Timothy D. Phillips

Kentucky Grazing Conference

The goal of deploying novel endophyte strains in tall fescue varieties has been to achieve forage yields, stress tolerance, and persistence similar to toxic endophyte tall fescue varieties (mainly ‘Kentucky 31’ endophyte infected with the common toxic endophyte strain), but with the superior animal performance results seen with endophyte-free tall fescue varieties or other non-toxic forage species (orchardgrass, alfalfa, etc.). In addition to better stand persistence, less weed encroachment has been reported in novel endophyte (and toxic endophyte) tall fescue varieties compared to their endophyte-free versions (Rudgers et al., 2010; Bouton et al., 2002). The improved competitive ability of endophyte-containing …

Soy Hulls: More Than Just A Feed Supplement, Glen E. Aiken, Michael Flythe

Kentucky Grazing Conference

There is approximately 35 million acres of tall fescue in the USA, with most of this acreage being utilized in hay meadows and grazed pastures in a region between the temperate northeast and subtropical southeast and commonly referred to as the Fescue Belt. Popularity of the grass is due to its productivity, persistence, and low cost of management. Unfortunately, a fungal endophyte that infects most plants of tall fescue produces ergot alkaloid toxins that cause a toxicosis in cattle and other grazing livestock. Fescue toxicosis may reduce reproductive performance of cow herds and weaning weights, and reduce post-weaning weight gain …

The Secret Ingredients Of Clover: Biochanin A And Isoflavonoids, Michael Flythe, Glen Aiken, Isabelle Kagan

Kentucky Grazing Conference

It is well known that the value of clover is in nitrogen. Clovers fix their own nitrogen so that an input of nitrate fertilizer is not required. Furthermore, they are rich in protein-nitrogen, and can be used to meet the protein requirements of ruminants. Clovers also contain a class of chemicals called isoflavones, and we have recently discovered evidence that the isoflavones positively influence the way that ruminants digest protein.

Foreword And Conference Information [2016], S. Ray Smith, Krista Lea

Kentucky Grazing Conference

No abstract provided.

Water Use Of Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties, Shawn Foster

Research on Capitol Hill

• With drought so prevalent in the West, water use on urban landscapes is being closely scrutinized with up to 60% of urban water use directed to landscape irrigation-primarily our lawns.
• Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is widely used because of its soft texture, attractive color, and ability to recover from intensive use.
• More water-efficient varieties of Kentucky bluegrass may result in less irrigation yet maintain quality and function of the turf.

Experimental Evidence For Drought Induced Alternative Stable States Of Soil Moisture, David A. Robinson, Scott B. Jones, Inma Lebron, Sabine Reinsch, Maria T. Dominguez, Andrew R. Smith, Davey L. Jones, Miles R. Marshall, Bridget A. Emmett

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Ecosystems may exhibit alternative stable states (ASS) in response to environmental change. Modelling and observational data broadly support the theory of ASS, however evidence from manipulation experiments supporting this theory is limited. Here, we provide long-term manipulation and observation data supporting the existence of drought induced alternative stable soil moisture states (irreversible soil wetting) in upland Atlantic heath, dominated by Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. Manipulated repeated moderate summer drought, and intense natural summer drought both lowered resilience resulting in shifts in soil moisture dynamics. The repeated moderate summer drought decreased winter soil moisture retention by ∼10%. However, intense summer drought, …

Biological Lignocellulose Solubilization: Comparative Evaluation Of Biocatalysts And Enhancement Via Cotreatment, Julie M. D. Paye, Anna Guseva, Sarah K. Hammer, Erica Gjersing

Dartmouth Scholarship

Feedstock recalcitrance is the most important barrier impeding cost-effective production of cellulosic biofuels. Pioneer commercial cellulosic ethanol facilities employ thermochemical pretreatment and addition of fungal cellulase, reflecting the main research emphasis in the field. However, it has been suggested that it may be possible to process cellulosic biomass without thermochemical pretreatment using thermophilic, cellulolytic bacteria. To further explore this idea, we examine the ability of various biocatalysts to solubilize autoclaved but otherwise unpretreated cellulosic biomass under controlled but not industrial conditions.

The Effect Of Root Exudate 7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone And Naringenin On Soil Bacterial Community Structure, Márton Szoboszlay, Alison White-Monsant, Luke A. Moe

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Our goal was to investigate how root exudate flavonoids influence the soil bacterial community structure and to identify members of the community that change their relative abundance in response to flavonoid exudation. Using a model system that approximates flavonoid exudation of Medicago sativa roots, we treated a soil with 7,4′-dihydroxyflavone and naringenin in two separate experiments using three different rates: medium (equivalent to the exudation rate of 7,4′-dihydroxyflavone from M. sativa seedlings), high (10× the medium rate), and low (0.1× the medium rate). Controls received no flavonoid. Soil samples were subjected to ATP assays and 16S rRNA gene amplicon …