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Hyperspectral Reflectance-Based Phenotyping For Quantitative Genetics In Crops: Progress And Challenges, Marcin Grzybowski, Kuwan K. Wijewardane, Abbas Atefi, Yufeng Ge, James C. Schnable

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Many biochemical and physiological properties of plants that are of interest to breeders and geneticists have extremely low throughput and/or can only be measured destructively. This has limited the use of information on natural variation in nutrient and metabolite abundance, as well as photosynthetic capacity in quantitative genetic contexts where it is necessary to collect data from hundreds or thousands of plants. A number of recent studies have demonstrated the potential to estimate many of these traits from hyperspectral reflectance data, primarily in ecophysiological contexts. Here, we summarize recent advances in the use of hyperspectral reflectance data for plant phenotyping, …

Soil Microbial Carbon, Nitrate And Ammonium Nitrogen Dynamics In Urochloa Grass Cultivated In Sub-Humid Kenya, K. W. Ndung’U-Magiroi, M. N. Koech, M. C. Mutoko, M. Kamidi, Elias M. Gichangi, Donald M. G. Njarui

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A study was conducted to monitor the dynamics of available soil phosphorus (P), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), nitrogen (SMBN), ammonium and nitrate nitrogen under seven Urochloa grass cultivars at Kitale, Kenya. The Urochloa cultivars: Urochloa brizantha cvs. Marandu, MG-4, Piata, Xaraes, U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, U. hybrid cv. Mulato II and U. humidicola cv. Llanero was compared with two popularly grown forages, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana cv. KAT R3), Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. KK1) and annual weeds. The treatments were tested in a randomized complete block design arranged in a split plot treatment structure with two …

Climate Smart Urochloa Grasses Improves Soil Health In The Semi-Arid Tropics Of Kenya, Elias M. Gichangi, Donald M. G. Njarui, Mwangi Gatheru

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The measurement of soil aggregates stability and soil microbial biomass can be used as an early indicator of long-term changes in soil quality. A study was conducted to quantify the amounts of shoots and roots biomass of Urochloa grass cultivars (commonly known as Brachiaria) and their effects on changes in the size distribution and stability of soil aggregates and on microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in a structurally unstable sandy loam soil at Ithookwe and Katumani in semi-arid tropical Kenya. The Urochloa grass cultivars included Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk, U. brizantha cvs Marandu, MG-4, Piatã and …

Spittlebugs: Bioecology, Host Plant Resistance And Advances In Ipm, José R. Valério, C. Cardona, D. C. Peck, G. Sotelo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Several species and genera of spittlebugs (Homoptera: Cercopidae) are economic pests of grasses in tropical America. These insects compete with grazing animals by reducing forage availability and quality. They may cause serious losses on millions of hectares of improved pastures based on cultivars of several species of Brachiaria (signal grasses). Except for the cultivar Marandu, most of the available commercial cultivars of Brachiaria are susceptible to spittlebugs. In spite of their economic importance, much research need to be done yet. Such insect-plant system encompasses a diverse group of spittlebug species, a diverse group of forage grass species, which are under …

Nutrient Dynamics And Inventory In Tropical Grassland Ecosystem In Southern India, K. Karunaichamy, Kailash Paliwal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present study was to ascertain the distribution of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) in the different plant components and in the soil top 30 cm at Kalikesam in Western Ghats region of southern India. Magnesium concentration increased in the order: dead shoots > belowground > litter > aboveground live. Sodium concentration in live shoots was maximum in February (0.51%) and minimum in August (0.05%). Annually 8.94 g/m² Ca, 2.41g/ m² Mg and 2.30g/ m² Na was taken up by plants. The distribution of the three nutrients in plant/soil system indicated that the major portion of the nutrients …

Effects Of Patch Size, Fragmentation, And Invasive Species On Plant And Lepidoptera Communities In Southern Texas, James A. Stilley, Christopher A. Gabler

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Simple Summary

Human land use has removed habitats, separated habitats into small and disconnected fragments, and introduced foreign species, which all harm wildlife. South Texas is highly diverse and home to many endangered species, but human disturbance threatens its wildlife. In south Texas, we poorly understand how different aspects of human land use influence wildlife diversity and abundance. We studied this by surveying plants and butterflies in 24 habitat fragments in south Texas that differed in size, shape, type, and land use history. Human disturbance was extensive, and foreign and weedy species were dominant in most habitats. Habitat types had …

Production Potential Of South America Grasslands, G. E. Maraschin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslands exist all over the world under a wide range of climates, soil types, topography conditions and seasonality. The South America grasslands cover a wide range of ecosystems and vegetaion types, going from desert areas to steppes, subhumid temperate, subtropical and tropical savannas embodying also portions of the tropical rain forest environment, and represent one of the Earth’s largest expanses of natural rangelands (Oesterheld et al., 1992). They represent developed ecosystems requiring acquaintance to accept sound agronomic and ecological activities. The diversity of vegetation determined by the latitudes 6^oN, down to the southern most tip of the continent …

Matching Up The Complexity Of Grassland Of Inner Mongolia — On The Methodology Issues, Yisheng Zheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Multiple Use Management On Canadian Publicly Managed Rangeland, B. Kirychuk, R. Gaube, S. Kushreshtha, G. Pearson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Identification And Management Of Scotch Thistle (Onopordum Acanthium L.) In Pastures, Rangelands, And Non-Crop Settings, Cody Zesiger, Jacob Hadfield, Kalen Taylor, Corey Ransom

All Current Publications

Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium) is an invasive species native to Eurasia. It was likely introduced into North America during the late 19th century (Young & Evans, 1969). Due to the plant’s size and prickles, a stand can damage pasture productivity, ruin campsites, or make trails nearly impassable. The thistle also outcompetes desirable plants and greatly reduces forage use by large animals. Since not all thistles are related or alike, it is essential to correctly identify Scotch thistle before making management decisions. This fact sheet provides information about identification, lifecycle and distribution, and management.

Effect Of Salinity Stress On Seed Germination In Hordeum Vulgare, A. Tavili, M. Beniaz, E. Shahriary, H. Khedri Gharvibvand

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Invasive Grassland‐Rangeland Plants Of China And The United States Of America, John H. Brock, Jinguo Wu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Environmental Factors Associated With Nitrogen Fixation Prediction In Soybean, Andre Froes Borja Reis, Luiz Moror Rosso, Larry C. Purcell, Seth Naeve, Shaun N. Casteel, Peter Kovacs, Sotirios Archontoulis, Dan Davidson, Ignacio A. Ciampitti

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Spatial Distribution Patterns Of The Populations Of Two Subterranean Termites (Blattodea: Termitidae) In Eucalyptus (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) Plantations, Olaniyi T Alamu, Francis K Ewete, Ayangbade E Ayandokun, John A Ete

Tanzania Journal of Science

The study was conducted in Afaka, Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to determine the spatial distribution patterns of the populations of Ancistrotermes sp. and Microtermes sp. in Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh, Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, Eucalyptus cloeziana F. and Eucalyptus tereticornis Muell plantations. Spatial distributions patterns of the two termite species populations were determined using indices such as ratios of population variance to mean, Lloyd’s index, Green coefficient, Taylor power and Iwao’s regression models. The values of variance to mean ratios, Lloyd’s index and Green coefficient showed that the populations of both termite species had aggregated distribution pattern in all the Eucalyptus …

The Vascular Flora Of Cleburne County, Alabama, Melanie T. Spaulding

Theses

Cleburne County is located in Northeast Alabama and measures 145,298 hectares. Approximately one-third of the county lies within the Talladega National Forest, more than any other county covered by the Talladega National Forest. The county has two physiographic regions: Piedmont and Ridge and Valley. A floristic survey of Cleburne County, Alabama, was conducted on public and private lands from 2014– 2020. Sporadic field collections took place from March 2014 – April 2019, with extensive fieldwork conducted from May 2019 – October 2020. A total of 1,302 vascular plant taxa are reported, including 266 taxa not previously documented for the county. …

The Agronomic Characteristics Of Agropyron Spp. Germplasm In Semi‐Steppe Region Of Iran, Mansour Mesdaghi, Masoume Amirkhani

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Fecundity And Seed Dormancy Variation Within And Among Echinochloa Species, Hussain Tahir, Nilda Roma-Burgos

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Echinochloa genus contains two of the world's top five worst weeds. The persistence and weediness of Echinochloa spp. are partly due to its seed longevity and variable seed dormancy. In the USA, specifically in Arkansas, multiple species infest the same field in many cases. Persistence could vary across species and dormancy affects infestation level. Studies were conducted to evaluate the seed production potential and dormancy of Echinochloa species in the State. Ninety-four accessions were characterized in a common garden in Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA. The species were Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, E. crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv, E. muricata P. …

Abundance, Distribution, And Growth Characteristics Of Three Keystone Vachellia Trees In Gebel Elba National Park, South-Eastern Egypt, Ahmed M. Abbas, Mohammed Al-Kahtani, Stephen J. Novak, Wagdi Saber Soliman

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study was conducted to evaluate the abundance and distribution pattern of three keystone Vachellia taxa in wadi Khoda and wadi Rahaba, Gebel Elba National Park, a protected area in south-eastern Egypt. These taxa included Vachellia tortilis subsp. tortilis, Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana, and Vachellia ehrenbergiana. In wadi Khoda, only two of these taxa were detected (V. tortilis subsp. raddiana and V. tortilis subsp. tortilis), while all three taxa were encountered in wadi Rahaba. The density of trees in wadi Khoda was 34.3 plant ha⁻¹ compared to 26.3 plant ha⁻¹ in …

Understanding Patterns And Functional Impacts Of An Invasive Tree And Its Biological Control In A Riparian System, Annie L. Henry

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Invasive species have become an inextricable part of the landscape, particularly in riparian plant communities, and removal is often a key component of restoration programs. Biological control (biocontrol) is a method of removal that is often both efficient and effective. However, the impact of biocontrol on target species and indirect effects from invasive species removal can be hard to predict. While monitoring the impact of invasive species removal usually involves some species-based assessment such as changes in diversity, historically dominant species or native species, these strategies do not typically provide insight into the mechanisms underlying plant community response to removal. …

Evaluation Of The Effects Of Temperature, Light, And Uv-C Radiation On Hsp70aexpression In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Tuba Sevgi̇, Eli̇f Demi̇rkan

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this study, various physical parameters (temperature, light intensity and UV-C radiation) which could be effective in heat shock response on C.reinhardtii by using molecular tools were investigated. In total, 256 transformants were obtained, among them, 160 transformants had continuous expression while 96 of them had heat-inducible expression. In these transformants, arylsulfatase activities were detected qualitatively and quantitatively. The best two transformants were selected and used in studies. To determine the effect of temperature, the cells were shifted from 23 °C to 35 °C, 37 °C, 40 °C and 42 °C. The heat shock response was induced at all temperatures. …

Remnant Assessment And Soil Inoculation To Inform Large-Scale Prairie Restoration At Eastern Washington University, Erik E. Peterson

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

The Palouse Prairie of Eastern Washington and Western Idaho, characterized by rolling hills of deep loess soil, is one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, with more than 99% converted to tilled farmland. To mitigate this loss, Eastern Washington University has begun prairie restoration on a tilled wheat field adjacent to campus, in the northern extent of the Palouse Prairie Ecoregion. However, effective restoration requires understanding reference conditions, and there are relatively few studies of remnant prairie plant communities or soils, particularly in the Northern Palouse. From north to south in the Palouse Prairie Ecoregion, there are gradients …

Environmental Controls On The Terrestrial Water Cycle In Forested Mountain Ecosystems., Luis Andrés Guillén

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Water is a key resource to natural ecosystems and human societies alike, and the water cycle is fundamentally linked to the climate and the characteristics of catchments. However, the challenges posed by environmental change makes it imperative to understand how the water cycle is affected by biotic and abiotic factors, in particular, in areas that are crucial sources of water like forested headwater catchments. Therefore, this doctoral dissertation aims to advance the knowledge on the dynamics between climate, vegetation and landscape that determine the water balance of forested mountain ecosystems. This document presents five chapters, an introductory chapter, three standalone …

Restoring Rain Use Efficiency To An Incised Upland Valley System In Namibia Using Filters And Ecosystem Management Understanding (Emu) Principles, K. Shamathe, H. J. R. Pringle, I. Zimmermann

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Volume 4, Chapter 8-6: Tropics: Epiphylls, Janice M. Glime, Tamás Pócs

Bryophyte Ecology Subchapters

No abstract provided.

Ecology Of The Roseau Cane Scale (Nipponaclerda Biwakoensis, Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) In Coastal Louisiana, Leslie Alejandra Aviles Lopez

LSU Master's Theses

Common reed, Phragmites australis, is the dominant plant in the Mississippi River Delta (MRD), Louisiana. Phragmites australis stands reduce soil erosion from wave action, protect the oil infrastructure, and freshwater habitats. In the fall of 2016, widespread reed die-backs in the MRD were associated with outbreaks of an invasive scale Nipponaclerda biwakoensis (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae). Due to the recent detection of the scale, there was limited knowledge of its ecology in the adventive range, and its impacts on P. australis lineages. Therefore, the objectives of my thesis were to determine (1) the host specificity of the N. biwakoensis in important economic …

Floodplain Forest Regeneration Dynamics In The Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, Whitney Anne Kroschel

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Floodplain forest species diversity is driven, in part, by variation in disturbance regime. Flood patterns create heterogeneity in microsite quality from small differences in elevation across a floodplain which, in turn, influence flood timing and duration. Differences in species’ regeneration niches in relation to hydrologic patterns can account for long-term coexistence of various species. In the past century floodplain forests have exhibited a wide range of changes in stand development and species composition as a result of altered hydrology in rivers and floodplains. I evaluated the role of regeneration in floodplain forest systems of the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley …

Distribution Of Vegetation Types In Bayinbuluk Alpine Grassland, Y. K. Hu, K. H. Li, W. L. Li, G. G. Gao, Y. M. Gong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Soil Seed Bank Of Three Populations Of Capparis Decidua (Forssk.) Edgew, Abdulaziz M. Assaeed

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Leaf Traits And Performance Vary With Plant Age And Water Availability In Artemisia Californica, Jennifer L. Funk, Julie E. Larson, Gregory Vose

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Background and aims
Leaf functional traits are strongly tied to growth strategies and ecological processes across species, but few efforts have linked intraspecific trait variation to performance across ontogenetic and environmental gradients. Plants are believed to shift towards more resource-conservative traits in stressful environments and as they age. However, uncertainty in how intraspecific trait variation aligns with plant age and performance in the context of environmental variation may limit our ability to use traits to infer ecological processes at larger scales.

Methods
We measured leaf physiological and morphological traits, canopy volume, and flowering effort for Artemisia californica (California sagebrush), a …

Chapter 002 - Streams, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 4: Habitat and Role

Explore the contents of Bryophyte Ecology, Volume 4, Chapter 2 - Streams by clicking the links above. For the Contents section of this ebook, as well as Volumes 1 through 5, please visit the Bryophyte Ecology Main Page.

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Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.