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Reflections On Plant And Soil Nematode Ecology: Past, Present And Future, Howard Ferris, Bryan S. Griffiths, Dorota L. Porazinska, Thomas O. Powers, Koon-Hui Wang, Mario Tenuta

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this review is to highlight key developments in nematode ecology from its beginnings to where it stands today as a discipline within nematology. Emerging areas of research appear to be driven by crop production constraints, environmental health concerns, and advances in technology. In contrast to past ecological studies which mainly focused on management of plant-parasitic nematodes, current studies reflect differential sensitivity of nematode faunae. These differences, identified in both aquatic and terrestrial environments include response to stressors, environmental conditions, and management practices. Methodological advances will continue to influence the role nematodes have in addressing the nature of …

The Genome Of The Polar Eukaryotic Microalga Coccomyxa Subellipsoidea Reveals Traits Of Cold Adaptation, Guillaume Blanc, Irina V. Agarkova, Jane Grimwood, Alan Kuo, Andrew J. Brueggeman, David Dunigan, James Gurnon, Istvan Ladunga, Erika Lindquist, Susan Lucas, Jasmyn Pangilinan, Thomas Pröschold, Asaf Salamov, Jeremy Schmutz, Donald P. Weeks, Takashi Yamada, Alexandre Lomsadze, Mark Borodovsky, Jean-Michel Claverie, Igor V. Grigoriev, James L. Van Etten

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Background: Little is known about the mechanisms of adaptation of life to the extreme environmental conditions encountered in polar regions. Here we present the genome sequence of a unicellular green alga from the division chlorophyta, Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C-169, which we will hereafter refer to as C-169. This is the first eukaryotic microorganism from a polar environment to have its genome sequenced.

Results: The 48.8 Mb genome contained in 20 chromosomes exhibits significant synteny conservation with the chromosomes of its relatives Chlorella variabilis and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The order of the genes is highly reshuffled within synteny blocks, suggesting that intra-chromosomal rearrangements …

Transgenic Expression Of Lactoferrin Imparts Enhanced Resistance To Head Blight Of Wheat Caused By Fusarium Graminearum, Jigang Han, Dilip K. Lakshman, Leny C. Galvez, Sharmila Mitra, P. Stephen Baenziger, Amitava Mitra

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Background: The development of plant gene transfer systems has allowed for the introgression of alien genes into plant genomes for novel disease control strategies, thus providing a mechanism for broadening the genetic resources available to plant breeders. Using the tools of plant genetic engineering, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial gene was tested for resistance against head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) that reduces both grain yield and quality.

Results: A construct containing a bovine lactoferrin cDNA was used to transform wheat using an Agrobacterium …

Modeling An Improvement In Phosphorus Utilization In Tropical Agriculture, David Edelstein, David J. Tonjes

Technology & Society Faculty Publications

Studies of Terra Preta soils have generated interest in recreating their fertility elsewhere. Much of the research has focused on soil amendment charcoal (“biochar”). Terra Preta also contains bone fragments, producing a high concentration of phosphorus. Some forecast worldwide declines in phosphorus supplies, and better agricultural system management is required to improve phosphorus use efficiency. A conceptual model is offered to consider the influence of charcoal on bioavailability of phosphorus. The model describes a system where improvements in the chemical and biological condition of the soil result in increased phosphorus availability and cycling. Mechanisms of phosphorus/charcoal interaction are considered, and …

Seedling Root Morphology Of Six Alfalfa Populations, Brianna J. Gaughan

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Seedling root morphology plays a crucial role in seedling survival and stand establishment. Naturalized yellow-flowered alfalfa (YFA) (Medicago sativa subsp. falcata) has demonstrated adaptation to semiarid conditions of the Northern Great Plains and tolerance to grazing. Seedling stage root morphology is poorly defined. Our objective was to compare morphological traits of seedling roots for six alfalfa populations. Six entries were evaluated: one M. sativa population as a control, two M. falcata entries, with reported “spreading characteristics” and three naturalized YFA populations. Uniform seeds of each entry were scarified with 320 grade sand paper and inoculated with rhizobium before planting. A …

Shoot Morphology Of Eleven Alfalfa Populations, Jessica A. Schmuck

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a major component of feed for dairy and beef cattle and one of the most productive forage species in North America. Alfalfa has been planted on millions of acres. More than 100 varieties have been developed in North America over the past 100 years. However, historically, alfalfa persistence under grazing in semiarid rangeland has generally been poor. Recently, it was discovered that naturally-selected populations of predominantly yellow-flowered alfalfa have been proven to be adapted to rangelands of western South Dakota and adjacent areas. A study was initiated in May 2006 to evaluate persistence and vigor …

Sensing Development Of A Soybean Canopy Under P Or K Nutritional Stress, Martin M. Navarro

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) has been correlated with physiological plant parameters and used to evaluate plant growth. There is little information about the use of this technique to detect soybean nutrient deficiencies. The objective of this work was to determine the ability of the NDVI sensor to detect P and K deficiencies, and grain yield reduction, in soybean. During 2010 and 2011, NDVI measurements were made on a soybean field trial site known to exhibit yield responses to both P and K nutrition. Four replicates of 8 levels each of P and K nutrition were evaluated. The NDVI …

Validation Of Fhb1 And Qfhs.Nau-2dl In Several Soft Red Winter Wheat Populations, Ana L. Balut

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The use of exotic resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) provides one strategy for breeding wheat cultivars resistant to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), a devastating disease of wheat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two QTL, Fhb1 and QFhs.nau-2DL, in diverse genetic backgrounds and to evaluate their effects on agronomic and quality traits. Five populations from crosses between FHB susceptible parents (26R58, KY97C-0574-01, 25R54, KY97C, KY97C-0554-02, 25R78 and KY93C-1238-17-1) and FHB-resistant VA01W-476, were evaluated in the FHB nursery at Lexington, KY in 2010 and 2011. The populations were also grown in yield trials at Lexington …

Invasive Ecology Of Exotic Old World Bluestem Grasses And Insights For Coastal Prairie Restoration In South Texas, Marvin E. Ruffner

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Despite the agronomic benefits of exotic grass plantings for pasture and rangeland forage, exotic grass invasions are capable of having dramatic and widespread impacts on native communities and ecosystems. Exotic Old World bluestem grasses (OWBG; Bothriochloa and Dichanthium spp.) have become increasingly invasive throughout the central and southern U.S. Little is known regarding the impacts of OWBG invasion on native grassland and savannah ecology and how to successfully control OWBG invasions in natural areas. Accordingly, this dissertation research had several objectives: 1) Evaluate the efficacy of herbicide and/or disking to control OWBG; 2) Assess the relative competitive ability of the …

The Role Of Auxin Resistant 1 (Axr1) In Arabidopsis Cytokinin Signaling, Yan Li

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The plant hormone cytokinin plays essential roles in many aspects of growth and development. The cytokinin signal is transmitted by a multistep phosphorelay to the members of two functionally antagonistic classes of Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs): the type-B ARRs (response activators) and type-A ARRs (negative-feedback regulators). Previous studies have shown that mutations in AXR1, encoding a subunit of the E1 enzyme in the related to ubiquitin (RUB) modification pathway, leads to decreased cytokinin sensitivity. This research shows that the cytokinin resistance of axr1 seedlings is suppressed by loss-of-function of type-A ARRs and that the cytokinin resistance caused by …

Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity And Phytochemical Analyses Of Rhus Aromatica, Rhus Glabra And Sanguinaria Canadensis Native To South Dakota, Gitanjali Nandakafle

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A total of twenty five South Dakota native medicinal plants were screened against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli using a disk diffusion assay. Out of these 25 plants, three plants Rhus aromatica, Rhus glabra and Sanguinaria canadensis demonstrated the highest bacterial inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these plant extracts were determined using a bacterial enumeration assay. Alamar Blue in vitro cytotoxicity test showed that all extracts have some toxic effect to porcine intestinal epithelial cell lines. Phytochemical analysis of these plant extracts indicated the presence high concentration of flavonoids and condensed tannins in R. aromatica and that R. glabra contained …

Pando Clone (World's Largest Living Organism?) History And Evaluation : Case Study For Revalidation, Allen V. Henningson

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Decision Memo: Pando Aspen Clone Restoration Project, Kurt Robins

Aspen Bibliography

The Pando Clone is located in Township 26 South, Range 1 East, Sections 24 and 25 about 1 mile southwest of the Lakeside Resort on State Highway 25 and about 1 mile due east of Mallard Bay at the southwest corner of Fish Lake (see map). The Pando Clone is the largest aspen clone in the world and the largest (most massive) single living organism in existence that has been discovered to date (Grant, 1993; DeWoody et al, 2008). It encompasses approximately 106 acres and is estimated to weigh in excess of 13 million pounds (Grant, 1993). This clone is …

Superweeds And Suspect Seeds: Does The Genetically-Engineered Crop Deregulation Process Put American Agriculture At Risk, Margaret Sova Mccabe

Law Faculty Scholarship

The federal government’s regulatory approach to genetically engineered (GE) crops, known as “The Framework”, is now twenty-five years old. Despite two and half decades of a consistent regulatory regime, GE crop and food regulation remains controversial. This article suggests that regulatory science and its tenets of independence, transparency, and public science should guide reforms of The Framework so that it is an efficient and reliable regulatory system. The article has four parts: 1) it provides a brief overview of the history of GE crop regulation; 2)it describes the key attributes of The Framework and related regulatory documents, with particular focus …

Attraction Of Stomoxys Sp. To Various Fruits And Flowers In Mali, Günter Müller, Jerome Hogsette, University Of Miami Beier, University Of Bamako, M.B. Toure, M.M. Traore, S. Bah, S. Doumbia, Y. Schlein

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The attraction of three Stomoxys species to 26 fruits and 26 flowers of different plant species was investigated in two different sites in Mali during 2008. Stomoxys niger bilineatus Grunberg (Diptera: Muscidae) was attracted to a wider spectrum of species, significantly attracted by four fruits and eight flowers compared with control traps, whereas S. sitiens Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae) was attracted to six fruits and seven flowers of different plants, and S. calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae) was only attracted to one fruit and three flowers. Cold anthrone assays showed a significantly higher prevalence of sugar feeding amongst all three species at …

Germination And Emergence Tests For Predicting Switchgrass Field Establishment, Robert B. Mitchell, K. P. Vogel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effect of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) seed quality tests on field establishment has been addressed inadequately. Our objective was to evaluate the ability of seed quality tests to predict field establishment. Standard Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) tests are based on the percentage of seeds in a seedlot that germinate under standard laboratory conditions, whereas the seedlot establishment tests (SETs) are based on the number of seeds that emerge per gram of seed using different germination or stress test conditions. The SET was determined using six laboratory tests and the results validated in three replicated field trials. …

Opportunities And Challenges From The Use Of Genomic Selection For Beef Cattle Breeding In Latin America, Hugo H. Montaldo, Eduardo Casas, José Bento Sterman Ferraz, Vicente E. Vega-Murillo, Sergio Iván Román-Ponce

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In 2009, Latin American countries had approximately 401 million cattle (29% of the world’s total cattle population) and produced 8.2 million tonnes of beef, equivalent to 29% of the world’s total production (FAO, 2011). Beef in Latin American countries is produced under widely differing climates (ranging from tropical to temperate), resources available (vegetation, food), types of markets, and genetic backgrounds of the animals. The main production systems are classified as beef and dual-purpose cattle. The genetic backgrounds of animals vary from purebred European (Bos taurus taurus) or Zebu (Bos taurus indicus) to crossbreeds (Figures 1 and …

Molecular Crosstalk Between A Chemical And A Biological Stressor And Consequences On Disease Manifestation In Rainbow Trout, Richard Burki, Aleksei Krasnov, Kathrin Bettge, Caird E. Rexroad Iii, Sergey Afanasyev, Miia Antikainen, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm, Thomas Wahli, Helmut Segner

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The aim of the present study was to examine the molecular and organism reaction of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to the combined impact of two environmental stressors. The two stressors were the myxozoan parasite, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, which is the etiological agent of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) and a natural stressor to salmonid populations, and 17β-estradiol (E2) as prototype of estrogen-active chemical stressors in the aquatic environment. Both stressors, the parasite and estrogenic contaminants, co-exist in Swiss rivers and are discussed as factors contributing to the decline of Swiss brown trout populations over the last decades. Using a microarray …

Biology Department Newsletter, No.2, Sacred Heart University

Biology Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation On Biochemical Parameters In Capsicum Annuum Grown Under Long Term Salt Stress, Fazi̇let Özlem Çeki̇ç, Serpi̇l Ünyayar, İbrahi̇m Ortaş

Turkish Journal of Botany

Salt stress is an important environmental stress. Plants cope with salt stress with different strategies. In this study the effects of 2 different arbuscular mycorrhiza species (Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices) on some biochemical parameters in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Cumaovası) exposed to long term salt stress were studied. It was found that mycorrhizal inoculation increased RWC, P, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content of pepper plants during salt application. The enzyme activities changed depending on the enzyme and salt stress application. The lowest MDA content was found in the plants inoculated with G. intraradices; however, there was no …

The Bryophyte Flora Of The Western Part Of The Küre Mountains (Bartın, Kastamonu), Turkey, Muhammet Ören, Güray Uyar, Tamer Keçeli̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study presents the bryophyte flora of the western part of the Küre Mountains, situated in A2 square in the grid system adopted by Henderson, and entirely within the Euro-Siberian phytogeographic region. A total of 1545 bryophyte specimens were collected from the research area in 2008 and 2009. According to the results of this study, 272 taxa belonging to 146 genera and 60 families were recorded. Of these, 2 taxa are hornworts, 53 taxa are liverworts, and 217 taxa are mosses. Among them, 38 taxa are new records for A2 and 4 taxa [Leiocolea badensis (Gottsche) Jörg., Cephaloziella rubella (Ness) …

Antioxidative And Physiological Responses Of Two Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Cultivars Under Peg-Mediated Drought Stress, Mehmet Cengi̇z Baloğlu, Musa Kavas, Gülsüm Aydin, Hüseyi̇n Avni̇ Öktem, Ayşe Meral Yücel

Turkish Journal of Botany

Drought stress is one of the most important yield-reducing factors in crop production. Sunflower, an oilseed crop, is severely affected by abiotic stress. In this study, 2 sunflower cultivars (Musala and Aydın) were evaluated in terms of various biochemical and physiological responses under 2 different polyethylene glycol-mediated drought stress conditions. Stress-determining parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H_{2}O_{2}), and proline contents were determined. Both cultivars showed similar responses at osmotic potentials of both -0.4 and -0.8 MPa. Aydın was less affected than Musala under these stress conditions. MDA, H_{2}O_{2}, and proline levels were similar at both -0.4 and -0.8 …

Experimental And Molecular Studies Of Bryophyte Dispersal On Alpine Summits, Sean Charles Robinson

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A review of bryophyte dispersal studies over the last sixty years revealed that the role of gametophytic fragments in bryophyte population dynamics has not been adequately addressed. In this dissertation, I investigate the dispersal potential of wind blown bryophyte fragments on Adirondack alpine summits using a combination of field and laboratory methods.

Experimental Studies Of The Multitrophic Effects Of Anti-Herbivore Defense In Three Pine Barrens Shrub Species, Elizabeth R. Coffey

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Plants produce numerous chemical defense compounds in response to herbivory. Induced chemical defenses potentially influence soil dynamics by changing the nutrient ratio of the leaves, which are seasonally shed and contribute to the soil, or by affecting the detritus community through leaching of chemicals in the root zone. Manual clipping was utilized in this study to induce chemical compounds with the goal of examining the secondary effects of induced plant defenses. I removed 25% of the mass of fifteen plants of three different plant species in the Albany Pine Bush annually for two consecutive years. I then compared the soil …

Chromosome Counts And Karyomorphology Of Some Species Of Artemisia (Asteraceae) From Turkey, Selma Tabur, Şemsetti̇n Ci̇velek, Si̇ğnem Öney, Şadi̇ye Betül Yilmaz Ergün, Murat Kurşat, İsmai̇l Türkoğlu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of some species belonging to the genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) were investigated, and chromosome counts of 12 species, 1 of which was counted for the first time, are presented with a thorough compilation of previously published data. All of the species studied belong to the subgenus Artemisia Chromosome numbers of 6 taxa confirmed the previous data. Additionally, karyotypes of 8 species were reported. Karyotype analyses of 6 Artemisia species are reported here for the first time. The basic chromosome numbers in the species studied were x = 8 and x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging …

A New Species Of Vinca (Apocynaceae) From Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, Mehmet Koyuncu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Vinca soneri Koyuncu sp. nova (Apocynaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from eastern Anatolia in Turkey. Diagnostic morphological characters of this new species from the related species V. herbacea Waldst. & Kit. are discussed.

Two New Species Of Cephalaria (Caprifoliaceae) From Turkey, Ramazan Süleyman Göktürk, Hüseyi̇n Sümbül, Ayten Çelebi̇, Leyla Açik

Turkish Journal of Botany

Two new Cephalaria Schrad. ex Roem. et Schult. species (Caprifoliaceae) from Turkey, Cephalaria davisiana Göktürk & Sümbül and Cephalaria sumbuliana Göktürk, are described and illustrated. A map showing their distribution and other related taxa is given. The morphological differences of the 2 new species are discussed and comparisons are made with the similar Cephalaria speciosa Boiss. & Kotschy and Cephalaria elmaliensis Hub.-Mor. & V.A.Matthews. In addition to morphological observations, C. davisiana, C. sumbuliana, C. elmaliensis, and C. speciosa were analysed by applying RAPD-PCR techniques. RAPD methods clearly distinguished between the new species and the 2 species that they resemble.

Allium Shirnakiense, Sect. Melanocrommyum (Liliaceae), A New Species From South-Eastern Turkey, Lütfi̇ Behçet, Mustafa Rüstemoğlu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Allium shirnakiense L.Behçet & Rüstemoğlu sp. nova (sect. Melanocrommyum Webb & Berth.) is described as a species new to science on the basis of material collected from Şırnak Province. Morphologically, it is related to A. rhetoreanum Nab., which is an species endemic to South-eastern Turkey. A diagnosis, a taxonomic description, and some illustrations are given.

The Autecological Characteristics Of Desmostachya Bipinnata In Hyper-Arid Regions, Akbar Fakhireh, Majid Ajorlo, Alireza Shahryari, Shahram Mansouri, Soheila Nouri, Ahmad Pahlavanravi

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study aimed to investigate the main autecological characteristics of Desmostachya bipinnata L. (Poaceae) in a hyper-arid region. The study was carried out on Sistan plain, south-eastern Iran. The habitats of D. bipinnata were identified and then the climatic and edaphic characteristics of habitats were determined. Phenological stages, reproduction, root system, and nutritive and preference values of D. bipinnata were also studied. One single habitat of D. bipinnata was identified on Sistan plain. Average annual rainfall and temperature of the habitat were 60 mm and 21.8 °C, respectively. Loamy and loamy sand soils of the habitat had EC and pH …

The Seasonal Succession Of Diatoms In Phytoplankton Of A Soda Lake (Lake Hazar, Turkey), Mehmet Ali̇ Turan Koçer, Bülent Şen

Turkish Journal of Botany

Some physicochemical variables and climatic effects on the succession of a diatom community in the plankton of the pelagic zone of Lake Hazar, an alkaline soda lake, were investigated. Monthly diatom samples were collected from the surface water at western, central, and eastern pelagic areas of the ellipsoid-shaped lake using a plankton net from November 2004 to October 2005. When high temperature and pH levels prevailed in May and September, Epithemia, Rhopalodia, Cocconeis, and Cyclotella were dominant. Cymbella was dominant in early spring and late autumn, but was not significantly correlated with temperature or pH. The species of Gomphonema, Fragilaria, …