Digital Commons Network^™

Bulletin No. 317 - Range Lands Of Utah County And Their Utilization, L. A. Stoddart

UAES Bulletins

Utah County, comprising about 1,394,760 acres, lies in the north central part of Utah immediately west of the precipitous Wasatch Mountains. These mountains, which occupy about the eastern half of the county, vary in elevation from 4,700 feet at the bench lands to 9,000 and 10,000 feet. Extreme elevations of 12,000 feet are found on the highest peaks. The western half of the county, although broken by small mountain ranges, is much more level, lower in elevation, and more arid. Whereas the mountainous eastern parts of the county are marked by higher precipitation and, consequently by relatively dense vegetation, mostly …

Yields And Consumption Of Forage In Three Pasture-Types: An Ecological Analysis, R. W. Darland, J. E. Weaver

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Native pastures in eastern Nebraska and adjacent states have undergone profound changes as a result of drought. Bluestems (Andropogon) and associated grasses have been thinned and weakened, although recovery has been marked since 1941. In many pastures they were replaced by western wheat grass (Agropyron smithii) or other invading species. In nearly all, wheat grass now occurs in considerable abundance. Kentucky bluegrass (Paa pratensis), into which many overgrazed native pastures had degenerated, was almost completely killed by the drought, or greatly damaged as in western Iowa. Despite these widespread changes, few studies have been made on the relative yields, preferences …

Bulletin No. 315 - Biennial Report, 1942-1944

UAES Bulletins

The war years have made new demands on Station personnel and facilities. With fewer staff members and less adequate equipment the Station has not only carried on the regular project work, but the research program has been expanded, and numerous activities resulting from the emergency have been assumed.

The Station has taken a leading place in the victory food production program. Each year it has assumed the lead in a study of the wartime agricultural production capacity of the state and desirable crop and livestock adjustments studying all the agricultural assets and the ability to produce various crops.

As a …

Bulletin No. 314 - Gains Made By Cattle On Summer Range In Northern Utah, L. A. Stoddart

UAES Bulletins

The Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, in 1934, began experimental studies on the grazing of beef steers on mountainous summer range lands. Although the direct purpose of this work was to find whether supplementing phosphorus in the diet of grazing steers would increase their gains, many incidental observations proved of great interest. Among the most significant were the distribution and extent of weight gains through the summer grazing season and the effects of various factors such as weather upon the gains, causing them to vary greatly from year to year.

Common Distributional Pattern In Geographical Ranges Of Plant Species And The Problem Of Center Of Origin, C. W. Sharsmith

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Drought, Dust, And Intensity Of Grazing On Cover And Yield Of Short-Grass Pastures, F. W. Albertson, J. E. Weaver

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The vast range lands of western Kansas occupy approximately one half of that area. They are now recovering from the terrible destruction wrought by overgrazing, drought, and dust-burial during the past decade. Since grass is man's most powerful ally in soil and water conservation, since pastures are tremendously important as the cheapest and most satisfactory feed for cattle, and since the recovery of the western range is not only an economic problem of great importance but a phenomenon of outstanding ecological interest, the redevelopment of the plant cover warrants careful investigation.

Replacement Of True Prairie By Mixed Prairie In Eastern Nebraska And Kansas, J. E. Weaver

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Destruction of a portion of one plant association and its replacement by another has just been completed. This has occurred not as the result of man's interference with the vegetation nor the effect of his grazing animals. It has been due to a dry climatic cycle and has been accomplished within a period of seven years. The scene of action was the broad area on the western edge of true prairie in central Kansas, eastern Nebraska, and eastern South Dakota. It is distinctly east of the mixed prairie in the central portion of these states. Although the phenomenon was general …

Bindweed Eradication In Nebraska, N. S. Hanson, F. D. Keim, D. L. Gross

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

Bindweed, which is easily recognized by its creeping, entwining habit of growth, is Nebraska's most destructive weed because of its effect on crop plants. Its total annual cost to the agricultural industry of the state is several million dollars, which ultimately affects all those citizens who depend directly or indirectly upon income from agriculture.

Bulletin No. 309 - An Economic Analysis Of The Milking Enterprise On Farms In The Ogden Area, Utah, 1937-39, George T. Blanch, Dee A. Broadbent

UAES Bulletins

The area included in this study is part of the better irrigated section of Utah. Although the soils are variable, that part used for arable agriculture is generally fair to good. The poorer soils are used largely for pastures which makes necessary a forage-consuming livestock enterprise in the farm organization. Dairy cattle is the type of livestock most common. Topography, climate, irrigation water supply, transportation, and markets all permit or favor a relatively intensive and successful cash-crop and dairy type of farming. The average farm is relatively small in area of cultivated land which also makes necessary intensive usage, high …

Bulletin No. 308 - A Farm Management Study Of Farms With Dairy Enterprises In The Ogden Area, Utah, 1937-39, George T. Blanch, Dee A. Broadbent

UAES Bulletins

Farmers in the irrigated sections of Utah are confronted by several difficult problems in the management of their farms. The farms are far distant from the consumption centers of the country which results in high freight rates and a need to produce concentrated products for market, and also in violent fluctuations in farm prices. The farms usually consist of relatively few crop acres which makes intensive usage necessary for an adequate sized business. Most farms also include a considerable acreage of land unsuited to tillage. The utilization of this land makes necessary the inclusion in the farm business of a …

Bulletin No. 303 - Utilization Of Irrigable Land In The Reservation Area Of Uinta Basin, Utah, George T. Blanch, Clyde E. Stewart

UAES Bulletins

Several years ago the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station began a project entitled "Study of agricultural resources in Utah and their utilization." This project contemplates conducting detailed soils, irrigation water, range and economic studies in all areas of Utah. To date these studies have been made for a portion of the state including the Uinta Basin. However, in order that the information so obtained can be more effectively used for public and private programs of operation, there is a need to combine and correlate the basic data.

The primary objective of the study reported herewith is to bring together and analyze …

Bulletin No. 307 - Skin Folds In Sheep, Milton A. Madsen, Alma C. Esplin, Ralph W. Phillips

UAES Bulletins

Sheep vary greatly, even within breeds, in the number and size of folds in the skin. At one time producers were emphasizing the importance of having a large number of skin folds in fine wool sheep such as the Merino and Rambouillet. This was based on the belief that skin folds were associated with high yields of grease wool and fineness of wool fibers. In recent years the trend has been toward a smoother bodied sheep with longer staple and less grease in the fleece.

The objects of this bulletin are to present a review of the available information concerning …

Plant Diseases Common, Destructive, Preventable In South Dakota (Revised), W.F. Buckhholtz

Agricultural Experiment Station Plant Pathology Pamphlets (1942-1962)

Abundant agricultural production is a victory goal and in South Dakota is based on an abundance of feed, forage and cash field crops and an adequate home vegetable and fruit supply. On the other hand, soil conservation and the maintenance of South Dakota’s agricultural productivity depends on a practice of moderate rather than wholesale over-cropping of cultivated land. Shortages of labor and machinery place a definite limit on the amount of really good farming that can be done it South Dakota for the duration of the war. One of the ways to insure maximum crop production from a minimum of …

Bulletin No. 305 - The Composition Of Sumer Range Plants In Utah, L. A. Stoddart, J. E. Greaves

UAES Bulletins

In Utah, a vast industry of livestock grazing, which is the backbone of the state's agriculture, has arisen during the past 75 years. Range land furnishes between 6 and 7 million animal unit months of forage to some 2 1/2 million sheep and 275 thousand range cattle. Income from meat, wool, and range livestock sales in Utah is about $15,801,500 annually, of which $11,700,000 is calculated to be obtained from range lands exclusive of cultivated pastures.

These range lands can be used economically in no other way than by grazing livestock and, because of heavy winter snows and protracted dry …

Bulletin No. 302 - Nutritional Inadequacy Of Beet Molasses Rations For Swine, Russel A. Rasmussen, Harry H. Smith, Ralph W. Phillips, Ton J. Cunha

UAES Bulletins

The feeding of large amounts of beet molasses to young hogs causes a condition that is characterized by a wobbly gait, and that is frequently fatal. Hog raisers have apparently recognized this condition for a number of years, since a number of farmers have reported it in their animals. Some farmers have also reported breeding failures and abortions when beet molasses was fed to brood sows. Consequently, beet molasses has not been considered a good hog feed by Utah raisers.

Beet molasses is a relatively cheap source of carbohydrates and could be used advantageously in pork production if the cause …

A Study Of Origins And Ecological Features Of Hardy, Cultivated, Herbaceous Plants Of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Dorothy Elaine Witheck

Bachelors’ Theses

Gardeners have always been interested in herbaceous plants, chiefly because of their beauty and usefulness. As a result of the great popularity, a large number of attractive varieties have been produced through centuries of' cultivation, selection and breeding. Very early agricultural and medical demands stimulated an interest in the plants, and as early as 372-287 B.C. Theophrastus, a pupil of Aristotle, described about 460 cultivated plants and classified them as herbs, undershrubs, shrubs and trees. Much of the work accomplished by the ancient Greeks was lost and it was not until the sixteenth century that renewed enthusiasm for the study …

Plant Diseases Common, Destructive, Preventable In South Dakota, W.F. Buckhholtz

Agricultural Experiment Station Plant Pathology Pamphlets (1942-1962)

Abundant agricultural production is a victory goal and in South Dakota is based on an abundance of feed, forage and cash field crops and an adequate home vegetable and fruit supply. On the other hand, soil conservation and the maintenance of South Dakota’s agricultural productivity depends on a practice of moderate rather than wholesale over-cropping of cultivated land. Shortages of labor and machinery place a definite limit on the amount of really good farming that can be done it South Dakota for the duration of the war. One of the ways to insure maximum crop production from a minimum of …

The Relations Of Vegetative Composition And Cattle Grazing On Nebraska Range Land, T. E. Brinegar, F. D. Keim

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The objectives of the studies reported in this paper were: (1) to obtain an analysis of the vegetation in tall and short grass range lands, (2) to observe the activities of cattle on the range, and (3) to determine the effects of grazing upon vegetation.

Bulletin No. 306 - Report Of The Agricultural Experiment Station Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, R. H. Walker

UAES Bulletins

The agricultural experiment stations have contributed in a very material way to the progress of agriculture in the United States not only by the development of better crops and livestock and production practices, but, through basic research on the many and varied problems of agriculture, they have furnished an understanding of those principles upon which progress must depend.

The permanent value of these research centers to the progress of agriculture is no better illustrated than in the present emergency. The ability of farmers to meet the tremendous additional contributions to defense in the way of increased food supplies is dependent …

History Of The Native Vegetation Of Western Kansas During Seven Years Of Continuous Drought, F. W. Albertson, J. E. Weaver

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

When the pioneers came from the East to make new homes in the Great Plains region, they found a dense cover of native vegetation. It was disturbed only by buffaloes, prairie dogs, other plains animals, Indians, and prairie fires. The Federal Government required that a certain amount of land be broken and put under cultivation, whether the land was obtained as a homestead or as a timber claim (McArdle and Costello, 1936).

The practice of the settlers was to break up a small tract of the prairie on which they could grow enough winter feed to sustain their cattle, horses, …

Bulletin No. 300 - A Study Of Farm Organization By Type Of Farm In Sanpete And Sevier Counties, W. Preston Thomas, George T. Blanch, Edith Hayball

UAES Bulletins

This study is one of a series being conducted by the Department of Agricultural Economics which are designed to furnish a general description and a detailed analysis of the type of farming in various parts of Utah. The specific purpose of the general state-wide study is to: (1) locate and delineate the major type-of-farming areas of the state; (2) analyze and describe the major and some minor types of farming within each area; and (3) indicate the fundamental reasons for the principal differences which exist within and among these type-of-farming areas.

Upon the completion of the first part of the …

Bulletin No. 4: The Connecticut Arboretum, Its Tenth Anniversary, George S. Avery

Bulletins

No abstract provided.

Bulletin No. 298 - Wool Scouring Tests In Utah, Alma C. Esplin, Ralph W. Phillips, Milton A. Madsen

UAES Bulletins

Wool, as it is shorn from the sheep, is known as grease wool. The first step in the manufacturing of wool is scouring, or removal of all grease and foreign matter. Within any given grade, as determined by length of staple and fineness of fiber, the yield of clean wool is the primary factor in determining the value of the original grease wool. The price of scoured or clean wool is multiplied by the percentage yield of clean wool to determine the value of the grease wool.

Bulletin No. 297 - Pale Western Cutworm, C. J. Sorenson, H. F. Thornley

UAES Bulletins

THE PALE WESTERN CUTWORM ( Agrotis orthogonia Morr.) has caused periodic damage to dry-farm grains in Utah during the past 25 years. In the spring of 1916, entomologists of the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station were asked to determine the cause of large bare spots occurring in fields of fall-planted wheat in the Indianola district of Sanpete County. A moderately severe infestation of pale western cutworm was found to be the causative agent. Pack reported that during the spring of 1929 this insect had inflicted serious damage to fall wheat at Fairview, Sanpete County.

Regeneration Of Native Midwestern Pastures Under Protection, J. E. Weaver, W. W. Hansen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The origin of native midwestern pastures from virgin prairie and the degeneration of the prairie under long-continued grazing have been outlined in some detail in a previous bulletin (Weaver & Hansen 1941). During the last four years much study has been given to the converse phenomenon of the regeneration of native midwestern pastures when grazing animals were excluded. This universal phenomenon of the return of vegetation to something of its former natural condition is summed up in the term plant succession (Clements 1928). In connection with pastures derived from true prairie, it is of great practical as well as scientific …

Hardiness Of Woody Plants In Minnesota, H. E. Stork

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Native Midwestern Pastures: Their Origin, Composition, And Degeneration, J. E. Weaver, W. W. Hansen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

According to Doctor J. E. Weaver and Mr. W. W. Hansen the purpose of this bulletin is to present certain facts involved in range and pasture management by outlining in some detail the fundamental phenomenon of vegetational change upon which all rational pasture studies must be based. They maintain that the native prairie vegetation is an organic entity in close adjustment with soil and climate, which has developed gradually to its present condition of dynamic stabilization. When the prairie is grazed and trampled, various changes occur, the nature and extent of which vary somewhat directly with the degree of disturbance, …

Bulletin No. 295 - Comparison Of Two Methods Of Determining Wool Density, Milton A. Madsen, Ralph W. Phillips, John V. Christensen, Roy L. Henrie

UAES Bulletins

Density of the fleece is one of the primary factors determining the wool-producing capacity of the sheep. Sheepmen have attempted to evaluate density by handling the fleece. This method is not sufficiently refined for use in experimental work, and may be subject to errors and misinterpretations. For example, if two fleeces are alike in density and diameter of fibers, yet differ in length, the longer fleece will feel less dense. If, on this basis, the sheep with the fleece that appeared most dense were selected for breeding, selection would be away from the longer fleece. Any method that can be …

Preliminary Report On The Legumes Of The Arkansas Uplands, Orrin J. Henbest

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A brief discussion is presented on the ecologic, taxonomic, and economic features of the leguminous plants of the uplands occupying the northwestern half of Arkansas. The list of 37 genera and 115 species is compiled from the author's collection and from the specimens in the herbarium of the University of Arkansas collected in this part of the state. The geographic position of this area and its variety of ecological habitats indicate that it may yield nearly 175 species of legumes.

Bulletin No. 294 - Research Aids Utah Agriculture: Biennial Report Utah Agriculture Experiment Station 1938 - 1940, R. H. Walker

UAES Bulletins

The foundation of progress in agriculture as in any other industry is research. Research has resulted in knowledge now daily applied in soil treatment, in irrigation practices, in dealing with insect pests, in breeding new varieties of plants, in animal improvement, in better farm practices, and in better land-use planning. Research undertaken by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station has been outlined to solve specific problems facing Utah agriculture, among them the problems of irrigation, dry farming, range management and animal production. The prosperity of the state is dependent upon the success of these agricultural enterprises. Agricultural research should not, therefore, …