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Alternative Approaches To On-Farm Research And Technology Exchange, Charles A. Francis, Victoria Mundy, Rhonda Janke, James King

CARI Extension and Education Materials for Sustainable Agriculture

Decision Case Studies are Ideal for On-Farm Research by R. Kent Crookston (University of Minnesota)

Use of On-Farm Research by Farmers for Technology Development and Transfer by Stewart Wuest, Baird Miller, Stephen Guy, Russ Karow, Rojer Veseth, and Donald Wysocki (Washington State University, University of Idaho, and Oregon State University)

Best Information for Choosing Crop Varieties by Dale Hicks and Robert Stucker (University of Minnesota)

Adaptability Analysis for Diverse Environments by Peter Hildebrand and John Russell (University of Florida and Washington State University)

Complementary Abilities and Objectives in On-Farm Research by Derrick Exner (Iowa State University)

Credibility of On-Farm Research …

Linkage Relationships Among Loci Controlling Morphological Traits In Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.), S. M. Githiri, P. M. Kimani, R. S. Pathak

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Linkage among loci controlling various morphological traits in cowpea were determined using F2 progenies. Data were collected on individual plants of four crosses segregating for several loci. Recombination estimates between the following pairs of loci were as follows: Sw (swollen vs normal stem base)-Fbc (cream vs green flower buds) (41±4.8%), Pus(purple vs green stems)-Cbr (cocoa-brown vs straw-yellow dry pods) (31±5.7%), Pup(purple vs green immature pods)-Cbr (30±5.7%), Pus-Pup (4±1.5%), Ndt (non-determinate vs determinate)-Pd (peduncle colour) (26±2.8%), Ndt-Hg (semi-erect vs erect plant type) (26±2.8%), Pt(purple vs green pod tips)-Bk (greyish-black vs straw-yellow dry pods) (19±2.4%) and Hg-Bpd (normal vs branching peduncle (24±9.5%). …

Effect Of Pubescence In Cowpea Resistance To The Legume Pod Borer Maruca Testulalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), S. Oghiakhe

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Pubescence (trichomes) in wild and cultivated cowpeas, Vigna vexillata and V. unguiculata, adversely affected oviposition, mobility, and food consumption and utilisation by the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer), in tests conducted with TVnu 72 (wild, highly resistant and highly pubescent), TVu 946 (semi-wild, moderately resistant and pubescent) and IT82D-716 (cultivated, highly susceptible and pubescent). In free-choice and no-choice tests, significantly (P < 0.05) fewer eggs were laid on 3-week-old potted plants of TVnu 72, the highly pubescent and wild species; this species also received fewer eggs on abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. Ovipositional activity on stipules, stem, branches, terminal shoots, adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of the susceptible cultivar, IT82D-716 was higher (P < 0.05) than on TVu 946 and TVnu 72. More eggs were laid on the abaxial surfaces than on the adaxial surfaces of leaves for all tests conducted, except for the TVnu 72 no-choice test. Significant negative correlations (r = -0.99** and r = -0.99**) were found between mean number of eggs laid and length and density of non-glandular trichomes. There was a significant negative correlation (r = -0.99**) between larval velocity and length of non-glandular trichomes on pod surface. Similarly, significant negative correlations (r = -0.85* and -0.89*) were found between larval velocity and density and length of non-glandular trichomes on leaf surface. Pods of IT82D-716 and TVnu 72 were the most - and least - preferred for settling by larvae of M. testulalis, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.99**) between larval penetration time on pods and length of non-glandular trichomes. Weight loss, number of feeding punctures and number of larvae on whole pods of TVnu 72 were lower and significantly different (P < 0.05) from IT82D-716 and TVu 946. This study showed that it would be advantageous to use TVnu 72 in a breeding programme to incorporate pubescence into high-yielding commercial cultivars for resistance against M. testulalis and possibly other major pests. © 1995.

Brown· Midrib Sorghum Silage For Midlactation Dairy Cows, R. J. Grant, S. G. Haddad, K. J. Moore, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Brown midrib sorghum silage was compared with alfalfa, corn, and normal sorghum silages for its effect on performance, ruminal metabolism, and digestive kinetics of Holstein dairy cows in midlactation. Twelve cows averaging 90 ± 5 DIM were assigned to one of four diets in replicated 4 X 4 Latin squares with 4-wk periods. Additionally, 3 ruminally fistulated cows (95 ± 20 DIM) were assigned to the same diets in a 3x 4 Youden square for measurement of ruminal characteristics. Diets were fed as isonitrogenous TMR that contained 65% silage (OM basis). The DMl was greater for the corn and brown …

Land Management Report For The Kent River Catchment, Sue Kelly

Natural resources published reports

The Kent River Catchment is located in the South-West of Western Australia, approximately between latitudes 34° 15' and 35° 10' South and longitudes 116° 45" and 117° 50° East. The north-eastern boundary of the catchment stretches to the Albany Highway at Tenterden, and from there the catchment curves towards Rocky Gully before continuing to the South Coast (Figure 1.1.1). The catchment is located within the Shires of Cranbrook, Plantagenet and Denmark.

The Kent River Catchment is part of Basin 604, which is the Water Authority descriptor for the Kent, Bow and Kordabup River catchments collectively. Basin 604 has a total …

Keys And Distributional Maps For Nebraska Cyperaceae, Part 1: Bulbostylis, Cyperus, Dulichium, Eleocharis, Eriophorum, Fimbristylis, Fuirena, Lipocarpha, And Scirpus, Steven B. Rolfsmeier

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Keys and distributional maps are provided for nine genera and 43 species of Cyperaceae documented from Nebraska (excluding Carex). Two species--Eleocharis elliptica and Fimbristylis vahlii--are newly reported for the state, while seven species attributed to the state in the Flora of the Great Plains (Great Plains Flora Association, 1986)--Eleocharis compressa, E. verrucosa, E. wolfii, E. xyridiformis, Scirpus georgianus, S. smithii, and S. torreyi--are deleted based on re-identifications, lack of specimen evidence, or specimens of doubtful provenance in the state. Notes on local systematic problems within the family are also included.

Understanding Fertilisers For Table Grapes, B. H. Goldspink, I. Cameron, J. Campbell-Clause, N. Lantzke, C. Gordon

Viticulture research reports

A course run by the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, August 1995.

The purpose of this publication is to clarify the role fertilisers play in commercial table grape production and to detail methods of selecting fertilisers. This selection process however is not easy as there are over 600 registered fertilisers in Western Australia.

In deciding which is the best fertiliser for a particular property many factors have to be considered. These include:

* Age of vine

* Rootstock

* Variety of table grape

* Soil type

* Soil chemistry

* Irrigation methods

* Previous fertiliser history Previous yield, vigour and …

Regional Relativities Of Sustainable Pastoral Sheep Production In Western Australia, A. Mcr Holm, R. O'Connor, I. Foster, M. Stevens, G. Beeston

Animal production and livestock published reports

The Pastoral Wool Industry has for many years been in a parlous position. Jennings (1979) in a review of the industry nearly 15 years ago concluded that a significant number of pastoralists were in serious financial trouble, mainly resulting from the inability of station businesses to cope with the worsening terms of trade affecting rural industries. The recent collapse of the wool price has again focused attention on the future viability of the pastoral wool industry. Wilcox and Cunningham (1993) in a review of the industry in October 1993, concluded that the clean price indicator needs to increase by 50 …

Trees On The Great Plains: Agro-Ecosystem Diversity, Laurie Hodges, Mary Ellen Dix, James R. Brandle, Mark O. Harrell, Robert J. Wright, Ron J. Johnson, Ronald M. Case, Kenneth G. Hubbard, Linda J. Young, Rebecca L. Fitzmaurice, Nathalie J. Sunderman, Michele M. Schoeneberger

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Agriculture in the Great Plains faces increasing pressure for environmental stewardship and for more economical farming and pest management practices. The concept of sustainable agriculture was developed to address these needs. A sustainable agricultural system is one that consistently enhances environmental quality and the resource bases, provides basic human food and fiber needs, is economically viable, and enhances the quality of life for farmers and society. In the Great Plains, we define agroforestry as the use of trees to help make agricultural production systems more sustainable. The trees function to conserve soil, water, wildlife, and other natural resources. They also …

Classical And Molecular Approaches To Breeding Horticultural Plants For Disease Resistance: Introduction To The Colloquium, Dermot P. Coyne

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Diseases of horticultural crops have always been a concern of crop producers, processors, merchandisers, and consumers because of reductions in yield and product quality. Excessive chemical application to control diseases of some crops has been a health concern in some countries. Some diseases pose a major constraint, or even a threat, to the production of a crop in a region. Plant breeders, in association with plant pathologists, have had notable successes in breeding disease-resistant varieties, thus ensuring the economic production of a crop. There is now an increased need to breed for disease resistance of horticultural crops because of a …

In Vitro Starch Disappearance Procedure Modifications, C. J. Richards, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. A. Britton, R. A. Stock, C. R. Krehbiel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Four in vitro experiments evaluated the effects of ruminal fluid inoculum:artificial saliva ratios,

grinder type, grind size, and diet of ruminal fluid donor on in vitro starch disappearance. Experiment 1 examined rates of starch disappearance and coefficients of determination obtained by linear regression of starch disappearance using five grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolur (L.) Moench) lines, a corn (Zeu muys L.) control, and a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) control. Grains were incubated for 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 h with inoculum varying in proportion of ruminal fluid and artificial saliva ( l:l, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4). In …

Getting The Lay Of The Land: Introducing North American Native Grasslands, Anthony Joern, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The expected catastrophic extinction of species (already under way in many places) will alter the planet’s biological diversity so profoundly that, at the known rate of extinction, it will take millions of years to recover. Yet few ecologists study extinction. Indeed, very little ecology deals with any processes that last more than a few years, involve more than a handful of species, and cover an area of more than a few hectares. The temporal, spatial and organizational scales of most ecological studies are such that one can read entire issues of major journals and see no hint of impending catastrophe. …

Introduction From The Changing Prairie: North American Grasslands, Anthony Joern, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Preserving remaining North American grasslands requires a multiability approach. In this book, we investigate three aspects of an admittedly larger problem: (1) how we as humans perceive grasslands; (2) the ecology of grasslands, in order to define the framework within which conservation and preservation efforts must operate; and (3) conservation issues. Additional sociological, economic, philosophical, and cultural considerations will provide important additional insights to preserving and managing grasslands, but are not included here. By restricting our focus to only three issues, we feel that we can provide a basic, but appropriate, understanding of grassland ecosystems for the prairie enthusiast. This …

Population Processes, Kathleen H. Keeler, Anthony Joern

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Within the prairies, myriad populations of plants, insects, small mammals, and other organisms form distinct levels of organization. The physical forces of weather and fire and the complex networks of species interactions control each species’s structure and dynamics and determine its abundance or rarity. Variation in population dynamics and interactions over time and space determine the distribution and abundance of species, and ultimately the composition and dynamics of entire prairie communities.

To the casual observer, plant populations on prairies may seem quite static, like museums containing a diverse collection of specimens that can be seen again and again on repeated …

Preface From The Changing Prairie: North American Grasslands, Kathleen H. Keeler, Anthony Joern

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

North American grasslands have figured prominently in our North American heritage. Prairies first provided significant barriers to westward expansion, and then offered both economic and sociological opportunity, as well as heartache, for settlers. Many artists have gained significant inspiration from the beauty as well as the harshness of this region and its biota. And because of ideal climate and soil conditions, these grasslands have provided the agricultural foundation of which much of the economic growth and stability of the United States has historically depended.

Yet many see North American prairies as beautiful only when manipulated or exploited: Green croplands or …

Umingmakstrongylus Pallikuukensis Gen. Nov. Et Sp. Nov. (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) From Muskoxen, Ovibos Moschafus, In The Central Canadian Arctic, With Comments On Biology And Biogeography, Eric P. Hoberg, Lydden Polley, A. Gunn, J. S. Nishi

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. is established for a protostrongylid nematode in muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, from the Kitikmeot Region (central Arctic) of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is distinguished from Cystocaulus and other Muelleriinae by characters that include the following: males: deeply incised, bilobed bursa, independent externodorsal rays, telamon composed of distal transverse plate, absence of falcate crurae, and spicules not distally split; females: absence of provagina; and first-stage larvae: presence of three cuticular folds on the tail. The great length of females (468 mm) and males (171 mm) is exceptional among the Protostrongylidae. Pathognomonic lesions include …

Endocrinology Of The Avian Reproductive System, Mary Ann Ottinger, Murray R. Bakst

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the avian reproductive system. Attention is given to the neuroendocrine regulation of hypothalamic and pituitary gland hormones as well as the target tissues regulated by these hormones. Emphasis is placed on the dynamics of the system and the effects of alterations resulting from environmental and other influences on the function of the reproductive system. The ovulatory cycle, oviduct, and shell gland are discussed relative to egg formation and the hormonal regulation of this process. Testicular function and the cellular bases for spermatogenesis and steroid production are also discussed.

Genetic And Phenotypic (Co)Variances For Growth And Carcass Traits Of Purebred And Composite Populations Of Beef Cattle, K. E. Gregory, L. V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Least squares means, genetic (σ_g), and phenotypic (σ_p) standard deviations, and phenotypic coefficients of variation (CV) were estimated on an age-constant basis for growth, carcass, and meat traits of castrate males from 12 breed groups combined, for 9 purebreds combined, and for the F3 generation of three composite populations combined to which the nine purebreds contributed. Also, heritabilities ( h²) and genetic ( r_g) and phenotypic ( r_p) correlations were estimated among growth, carcass, and meat traits for all breed groups combined involving 1,594 individuals that were the progeny of …

The Optimisation Of Nitrogen Content For Micropropagation Of Eucalyptus Marginata, Andrew James Woodward

Theses : Honours

The use of eucalypts for plantation timber and pulp is becoming increasingly important, as are eucalypts that are resistant to disease and insect herbivory. Where clones with desirable traits have been selected, it is important that these genotypes are preserved. Micropropagation of some eucalypts, and Eucalyptus marginata in particular, can be difficult possibly due to the currently used basal medium of Murashige and Skoog (M&S)(I 962). By examining the nitrogen utilisation and the effects of medium pH of this species, it may be possible to improve general micropropagation protocol. Six clones of the species E. marginata were obtained as shoot …

Effects Of Ozone During Soybean Seed Development On Seed Vigor, Karen A. Gerlach

Masters Theses

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv 'Essex', 'Forrest' and 'Clark') seed were obtained from Dr. Mulchi of the University of Maryland. Seed from 1989 and 1990 were from plants which were exposed to three regimes of ozone during seed development including charcoal-filtered (no ozone), non-filtered (ambient ozone), and non-filtered + 40 n11^-1 O₃. Seed from 1994 were developed with four pollutant regimes of ozone during seed development including charcoal-filtered (no ozone), non-filtered (ambient ozone), non-filtered + 40 n11^-1, and non-filtered + 500 u11^-1 CO₂. The objective of this study was to assess …

Water-Wise Landscaping, Terry Keane

All Current Publications

Land use, like a pendulum, has swung from sparse land settlements of Native Americans, with a reverence for nature, to sprawling developments of western settlers. The settlers’ intent was to “tame” the harsh western elements. The result was the introduction of soggy green English landscapes to the West

A Guide To Floodplain Cattle Fencing, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia, Main Roads, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock published reports

A seminar and workshop was held at Fitzroy Crossing in October 1993 to address the consequences of flooding to landholders and communities.

Damage to flood plain fencing was identified as one of the major concerns to landholders.

An outcome from the workshop was the decision to draw on local knowledge and collate information on options for fence and floodgate designs.

This information was to be made available to land holders and other interested parties - hence this publication.

Age-Related Resistance To 987p Fimbria-Mediated Colonization Correlates With Specific Glycolipid Receptors In Intestinal Mucus In Swine, Evelyn A. Dean-Nystrom, James E. Samuel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that produce 987P fimbriae (987P⁺ strains) colonize the small intestines and cause diarrhea in neonatal (<6-day-old) pigs but not in weaned pigs. However, 987P⁺ E. coli strains adhere in vitro to intestinal epithelial cells from pigs of both ages. Two intestinal components, designated 987R and 987M, bind 987P fimbriae (987P) on Western blots (immunoblots). We examined brush borders (BB) and intestinal washes (IW) from pigs to determine if they contain glycolipids which bind 987P. Total glycolipid extracts from BB and IW of 4-week-old pigs were separated on thin-layer chromatograms and overlaid with purified 987P. Bound 987P were detected with 987P-specific antiserum. …

Nebline, November 1994

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Horticulture

Rural $ense

Human Resources

4-H & Youth

Environmental Focus

Community & Leadership Development

Extension Calendar

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events

The Identification, Distribution, Impacts, Biology And Management Of Noxious Rangeland Weeds, Roger L. Sheley

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This document provides a discussion of the biology and management of exotic rangeland weeds which are a threat to native ecosystems of the western United States. Chapter 1 describes a generalized approach for managing noxious weed infested rangeland, while Chapter 2 focuses on preventing noxious weed invasion. In some cases, noxious weeds readily invade riparian areas, and because of the sensitive nature of these ecosystems Chapter 3 is devoted to riparian weed management. The following 13 chapters describe the identification, origin, history, distribution, potential invasion, impacts, biology and ecology, and management of specific noxious rangeland weeds.

Nebline, October 1994

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Horticulture

Rural $ense

Human Resources

4-H & Youth

Environmental Focus

Community & Leadership Development

Extension Calendar

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events

Nebline, September 1994

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Horticulture

Rural $ense

Human Resources

4-H & Youth

Environmental Focus

Community & Leadership Development

Extension Calendar

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events

Weed Awareness

Nebline, August 1994

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Horticulture

Rural $ense

Human Resources

4-H & Youth

Environmental Focus

Community & Leadership Development

Extension Calendar

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events

1994 Lancaster County Fair Edition

Patterns Of Isozyme Variation In Relation To Population Size, Isolation, And Phytogeographic History In Royal Catchfly, Rebecca W. Dolan

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

The distribution of genetic variation within and among plant populations is influenced by both contemporary and historical factors. I used isozyme analysis of band phenotypes to examine genetic structure in the rare prairie forb Silene regia. Relationships between current-day population size, isolation, and phenotypic variation were assessed for 18 populations in two regions with differing postglacial history. Western populations from unglaciated southern Missouri and Arkansas were more genetically diverse based on the Shannon-Weaver index (H) and a polymorphic index than were more eastern populations. These differences may be due to loss of variation with repeated founding of new populations in …

Bulletin 4279 - Streamlining - An Environmentally Sustainable Drainage Network For The Swan Coastal Plain (Peel-Harvey Catchment), Garry Heady, Neil Guise

Bulletins 4000 -

Community Catchment Centre Pinjarra

A network of over 1400 kilometres of drains and modified natural waterways constructed by the Public Works Department criss-crosses the Peel-Harvey catchment. There are also over 3300 kilometres of minor drains and natural waterways in this same region.

The expansion of agriculture relied on this extensive drainage network, which was designed to ensure rapid drainage of the region. Unfortunately there was little regard to future environmental consequences.

Along with drainage water, these same drains now carry high loads of silt and nutrients. Many of the drains are also degraded and require expensive maintenance annually.