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Grazing Programs: Environmentally Friendly, Economically Sound And Agronomically Feasible, Sid Brantly Jan 2006

Grazing Programs: Environmentally Friendly, Economically Sound And Agronomically Feasible, Sid Brantly

Kentucky Grazing Conference

The environmental soundness of our farms is the greatest, long term asset that farmers have. The topsoil, the trees, the cattle, the grass and crops on your farm are like unto a great financial account...and you are the banker. You make the decisions to: A) Use it all up now, B) Lock it away for someone in the future to make the decisions, or C) Utilize wisely in such a way that it is managed for financial success today, and still builds momentum for your future as well as your descendents.

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Animal Behavior: Impacts On Grazing, Mark Kennedy Jan 2006

Animal Behavior: Impacts On Grazing, Mark Kennedy

Kentucky Grazing Conference

I am not an expert on this subject and give all credit for my limited understanding of this subject to Dr. Fred Provenza, Utah State University; Katy Voth, Livestock for Landscapes, LLC; Jim Gerrish and others. I have tried to put into practice, both personally and with other producers, many of these principles to aid in improved grazing management. This presentation will address only 2 aspects of animal behavior; 1) How animal behavior impacts grazing distribution and forage utilization over the landscape, and 2) How animal behavior affects diet selection.

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Growing Forage Crops For Wildlife, Don Ball Jan 2006

Growing Forage Crops For Wildlife, Don Ball

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Numerous forage crops adapted in the Southeast offer benefits in production of various domestic animals including beef and dairy cattle, horses, and sheep (Ball, et al., 2002). Many of the same attributes these plants offer when grown in connection with livestock enterprises are also valuable in wildlife settings. Furthermore, the attitudes of many wildlife managers are changing, and their desire for knowledge of forage crops is on the rise. Consequently, forage crops are becoming more important and more greatly appreciated by wildlife enthusiasts within our region.

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Maximizing Production Of Beef Cattle On Pastures, Justin Sexten Jan 2006

Maximizing Production Of Beef Cattle On Pastures, Justin Sexten

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Standardized performance analysis (SPA) of beef cattle operations continues to demonstrate the importance of reducing feed related costs. As producers look for alternative methods to reduce feed costs the benefits of improved forage management become increasingly important due to the opportunity to reduce feed costs while improving animal performance. One note of caution related to maximizing beef production from pasture, maximizing anything must be done carefully, the difference between maximum success and a total disaster is a fine line.

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Grazing Program For Goats, Greg Brann Jan 2006

Grazing Program For Goats, Greg Brann

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Goats are often referred to as four legged bush hogs and actually they perform best when consuming browse. Goats eat from the top down so fields have a mown appearance even when forage is three feet tall. The typical browse height for goats is up to four foot however, they will rise up on their hind legs and sometimes prop on others backs to reach higher. Goats have an affinity for high quality forage. Much of the vegetation we have considered weeds as beef producers is excellent forage for goats. Goats select the high quality leaves and tender growing tips …

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From Traditional Confinement Dairying To Grazing Replacement Heifers, Bill Payne Jan 2006

From Traditional Confinement Dairying To Grazing Replacement Heifers, Bill Payne

Kentucky Grazing Conference

I would like to share an account of a transition from a conventional dairy operation to our current Management Intensive Grazing (MIG) enterprise. In 1974, I joined my father who at that time had been dairying on a 265 acre farm in Lincoln County, Kentucky for twenty five years. We fed our registered Holsteins corn silage and alfalfa haylage and purchased a manufactured feed. Our herd of 70 Holsteins spent most of their time on concrete. We did make an effort to allow access to an exercise lot when weather permitted. However, during the greater part of the 1990’s we …

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Pastures For Horses: Challenges And Opportunities, Robert Coleman Jan 2006

Pastures For Horses: Challenges And Opportunities, Robert Coleman

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Horses were born to eat grass and how they evolved has allowed them to be efficient users of a high forage diet. In fact, for many of today’s horses, they will survive and thrive on an all forage diet.

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Can We Graze Year-Around In The Heart Of America, Edward N. Ballard Jan 2006

Can We Graze Year-Around In The Heart Of America, Edward N. Ballard

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Feed costs represent the major cost in most livestock production systems. A recently completed analysis of 225 Standardized Performance Analysis (SPA) Beef Cow Records on herds in Illinois and Iowa showed that feed cost was the overriding factor determining profitability, explaining over 57 percent of the herd-to-herd variation. Typically the cost of supplying nutrients to ruminant livestock is much greater using harvested feedstuffs as opposed to grazing pastures or crop residues. The primary function of a grassland farm is to convert solar energy to marketable livestock products in the most efficient manner. The fewer steps between the animal product and …

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Foreword And Conference Information [2006], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe Jan 2006

Foreword And Conference Information [2006], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe

Kentucky Grazing Conference

No abstract provided.

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Registration Of Twelve Grain Sorghum Genetic Stocks Near-Isogenic For The Brown Midrib Genes Bmr-6 And Bmr-12, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Deanna L. Funnell, John J. Toy, A.L. Oliver, R.J. Grant Jan 2006

Registration Of Twelve Grain Sorghum Genetic Stocks Near-Isogenic For The Brown Midrib Genes Bmr-6 And Bmr-12, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Deanna L. Funnell, John J. Toy, A.L. Oliver, R.J. Grant

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Twelve grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genetic stocks, N599 to N610, (Reg. no. GS-128–GS-139, PI 639709–PI 639720) near-isogenic to their wild-type counterparts for the brown midrib genes bmr-6 and bmr-12 were developed jointly by the USDA-ARS, and the Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, and were released in May 2005.

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Methods To Identify Plant Metabolites, Deane L. Falcone, John M. Littleton Jan 2006

Methods To Identify Plant Metabolites, Deane L. Falcone, John M. Littleton

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

This invention provides materials and methods to manipulate the plant genome at the level of single plant cells in culture resulting in the ability to assign metabolic functionality to plant genes involved in the production of biologically active molecules and to create a means of product discovery based on the biosynthetic capacity of plants. The materials to create an activation mutagenesis include incorporation of enhancer sequences from a plant viral promoter at random places in the plant genome via Agrobacterium mediated DNA transfer (T-DNA). The usefulness is that genes in the immediate vicinity of the incorporation were activated which allows …

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Registration Of ‘Atlas Bmr-12’ Forage Sorghum, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Deanna L. Funnell, John J. Toy, A.L. Oliver, R.J. Grant Jan 2006

Registration Of ‘Atlas Bmr-12’ Forage Sorghum, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Deanna L. Funnell, John J. Toy, A.L. Oliver, R.J. Grant

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Atlas bmr-12 forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] (Reg, no. CV-136, PI 636763) was developed jointly by the USDA, ARS and the Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, and was released in January 2005.

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Registration Of Seven Forage Sorghum Genetic Stocks Near-Isogenic For The Brown Midrib Genes Bmr-6 And Bmr-12, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Deanna L. Funnell, John J. Toy, A.L. Oliver, R.J. Grant Jan 2006

Registration Of Seven Forage Sorghum Genetic Stocks Near-Isogenic For The Brown Midrib Genes Bmr-6 And Bmr-12, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Deanna L. Funnell, John J. Toy, A.L. Oliver, R.J. Grant

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Seven forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genetic stocks, N592 to N598, (Reg. no. GS-121–GS-127, PI639702– PI639708) near-isogenic to their wild-type counterparts for the brown midrib genes bmr-6 and bmr-12 were developed jointly by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, and were released in January 2005.

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Forage Systems For Minimizing Hay And Concentrate Feed Needs, Glen E. Aiken Jan 2006

Forage Systems For Minimizing Hay And Concentrate Feed Needs, Glen E. Aiken

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

Cattlemen typically simplify their pasture management by relying on one or two forages that are well adapted and persist under their targeted levels of management and production. The 5.5 million acres of Kentucky-31 tall fescue in Kentucky is a strong indication how producers in the state rely on the cool-season perennial grass, sometimes in mixture with red or white clover, to meet their grazing needs. An advantage of this approach is that fertilization and grazing management is based on a single growth distribution and set of fertilizer needs. Disadvantages are that yield, growth distribution, and quality of forage may not …

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How Good Is Your Hay?, Tom Keene Jan 2006

How Good Is Your Hay?, Tom Keene

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

All hay that is made or produced should have a value placed on it. Because no matter what livestock enterprise that it is earmarked for, there were significant inputs that went into producing that hay. Therefore, it is imperative that we place a value on the hay product(s) that we have produced.

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New Developments In Pasture Weed Control, William W. Witt Jan 2006

New Developments In Pasture Weed Control, William W. Witt

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

Weeds in pastures continue to offer challenges to the producer for controlling these unwanted plants. The combination of forage grasses grown in pastures and the climate of Kentucky provides an environment that is conducive for having numerous weedy species. Most pastures have a combination of cool season (those that begin growth in fall and mature in spring or early summer) and warm season (those that begin growth in spring and mature in late summer or fall) weeds. Additionally, some weeds such as thistles severely restrict grazing while other weeds do not. The decision to apply a weed management strategy is …

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Roundup Ready® Alfalfa, Novel Endophyte Tall Fescue, Red And White Clover, Bermudagrass, And More, S. Ray Smith Jan 2006

Roundup Ready® Alfalfa, Novel Endophyte Tall Fescue, Red And White Clover, Bermudagrass, And More, S. Ray Smith

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

Finally, Roundup Ready® alfalfa is now available and currently varieties show excellent tolerance to Roundup, good disease res i stance, and good yield potential. Before making plans to plant 100 acres know that the price in most states is over $7.00 per pound and pre-ordering seed is essential if you want to plant the spring of 2006. Roundup tolerance is a very useful trait in alfalfa, but remember that Roundup Ready ® varieties are not superior for other traits. Some current advertisement s promote Roundup Ready® varieties as higher yielding and higher quality. These statements are not untrue, but they …

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Using Legumes To Renew Grass Pastures, Garry D. Lacefield Jan 2006

Using Legumes To Renew Grass Pastures, Garry D. Lacefield

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

Legume content in Kentucky pastures has been reduced dramatically as a result of the drought and high temperatures of 2005 and very muddy conditions this past winter. In addition, late-winter early-spring seedings during 2004 were not as successful as normal due to excessive moisture during the establishment periods. As a result of our reduced amount of legumes in pasture and the many advantages legumes have for improving Kentucky pastures, serious considerations should be given to renovating pastures in 2006.

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Foreword [2006], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe Jan 2006

Foreword [2006], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

No abstract provided.

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Center For Grassland Studies Newsletters, Winter 2006, Volume 12, No. 1 Jan 2006

Center For Grassland Studies Newsletters, Winter 2006, Volume 12, No. 1

Center for Grassland Studies: Newsletters

Nitrogen Sequestration and Groundwater Quality Charles Shapiro and Bill Kranz, Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, UNL

Maximize pre-emergence success in turf by Roch Gaussoin, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL Losing Grasslands and Natural Areas to Development by Richard Sutton, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL

New Prairie Grasses to Fatten Beef Cattle

Nike Golf Camp in Lincoln This July

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Terpenes And Carbohydrate Source Influence Rumen Fermentation, Digestibility, Intake, And Preference In Sheep, J. J. Villalba, F. D. Provenza, K. C. Olson Jan 2006

Terpenes And Carbohydrate Source Influence Rumen Fermentation, Digestibility, Intake, And Preference In Sheep, J. J. Villalba, F. D. Provenza, K. C. Olson

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

We hypothesized that toxins and nutrients in foods interact to influence foraging behavior by herbivores. Based on this hypothesis we predicted that 1) terpenes in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) influence intake and preference in sheep for diets varying in sources of nonstructural (barley grain) and structural (sugar beet pulp) carbohydrates, and 2) these effects are due to the differential effects of terpenes on fermentation products and apparent digestibility of each class of carbohydrates. Lambs were fed 2 isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets with varying proportions of the same ingredients (beet pulp- and barley grain-based diet) or offered a choice between the …

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Fungal Spore Dispersal By The Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene Carolina Carolina), S. C. Jones, W. J. Jordan, Scott J. Meiners, A. N. Miller, A. S. Methven Jan 2006

Fungal Spore Dispersal By The Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene Carolina Carolina), S. C. Jones, W. J. Jordan, Scott J. Meiners, A. N. Miller, A. S. Methven

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Although spores from most macrofungi are wind- or water-dispersed, dispersal may also occur via biotic vectors. The Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) is a facultative mycovore that may play an important role in fungal spore dispersal although, to date, no information exists on fungi occurring in fecal samples of box turtles or on the ecological significance of box turtles as spore dispersal vectors. Consequently, a study of the potential for Eastern box turtles to act as vectors for spore dispersal was initiated by capturing wild turtles and collecting fecal samples. Serial dilutions from fecal samples were made to enumerate …

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Perianth Development In The Basal Monocot Triglochin Maritima (Juncaginaceae), Matyas Buzgo, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, Sangtae Kim, Hong Ma, Bernard A. Hauser, Jim Lebens-Mack, Bo Johansen Jan 2006

Perianth Development In The Basal Monocot Triglochin Maritima (Juncaginaceae), Matyas Buzgo, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, Sangtae Kim, Hong Ma, Bernard A. Hauser, Jim Lebens-Mack, Bo Johansen

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Basal monocots exhibit considerable variation in inflorescence and floral structure. In some cases, such as Triglochin maritima, it is not clear whether the lateral and terminal structures of the inflorescence are flowers or pseudanthia, or where the limits between flowers and inflorescence lie. To address these questions, morphological studies were carried out, and the results show that in T. maritima both terminal and lateral structures are flowers, not pseudanthia. The terminal flower of T. maritima develops from the apical inflorescence meristem, suggesting that the apical meristem identity changes from "inflorescence" to "flower" during inflorescence development. In addition, distal flowers …

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Recommendations And Goals For Evo-Devo Research, Michael J. Frohlich Jan 2006

Recommendations And Goals For Evo-Devo Research, Michael J. Frohlich

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The rapidly growing field of evolutionary-developmental biology (evo-devo) arises from the fusion of formerly disjunct scientific disciplines that traditionally generate very different scientific products. What should the scientific product of evo-devo be? I propose it should be a testable evolutionary scenario. Evolutionary scenarios have suffered eclipse and even opprobrium in recent years, but analysis of genes that control development may make evo-devo scenarios testable, hence scientifically valid. Hypothesis-based studies are more likely than descriptive studies to generate testable evolutionary scenarios. Candidate-gene studies are risky if only one or a few genes are known in the pathway that is putatively responsible …

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The Role Of Phylogenetic Constraints In The Evolution Of Pollination Mechanisms In Iridaceae Of Sub-Saharan Africa, Peter Bernhardt, Peter Goldblatt Jan 2006

The Role Of Phylogenetic Constraints In The Evolution Of Pollination Mechanisms In Iridaceae Of Sub-Saharan Africa, Peter Bernhardt, Peter Goldblatt

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Novel, specialized systems exploiting bibionid flies, oil-collecting bees, wasps, or crepuscular settling moths as pollen vectors are added to the range of recorded pollination mechanisms in sub-Saharan Africa Iridaceae, while knowledge of the pollination of previously understudied genera such as Aristea, Bahiana, Ferraria, Hesperantha, and Tritoniopsis is expanded. The pollination of 357 species of the sub-Saharan African Iridaceae now includes 17 discrete systems. Based on repetitive interlinked suites of floral attractants and rewards we now infer pollination mechanisms for an additional 883 species. Many pollination systems recur in genera containing > 10 species. The ancestral pollination in African Iridaceae, and …

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A Comparison And Combination Of Plastid Atpb And Rbcl Gene Sequences For Inferring Phylogenetic Relationships Within Orchidaceae, Kenneth M. Cameron Jan 2006

A Comparison And Combination Of Plastid Atpb And Rbcl Gene Sequences For Inferring Phylogenetic Relationships Within Orchidaceae, Kenneth M. Cameron

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Parsimony analyses of DNA sequences from the plastid genes atpB and rbcL were completed for 173 species of Orchidaceae (representing 150 different genera) and nine genera from outgroup families in Asparagales. The atpB tree topology is similar to the rbcL tree, although the atpB data contain less homoplasy and provide greater jackknife support than rbcL alone. In combination, the two-gene tree recovers five monophyletic clades corresponding to subfamilies within Orchidaceae, and fully resolves them with moderate to high jackknife support as follows: Epidendroideae are sister to Orchidoideae, followed by Cypripedioideae, then Vanilloideae, and with …

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A Molecular Phylogenetic Study Of Generic And Subgeneric Relationships In The Southwest Australian Endemics Conostylis And Blancoa (Haemodoraceae), Stephen D. Hopper, Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay Jan 2006

A Molecular Phylogenetic Study Of Generic And Subgeneric Relationships In The Southwest Australian Endemics Conostylis And Blancoa (Haemodoraceae), Stephen D. Hopper, Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

We sequenced the plastid gene matK and the nuclear ribosomal spacer ITS for 39 of the 47+ species of Conostylis as well as its monotypic sister genus Blancoa, which some authors have included within Conostylis. Conostylis received 99% bootstrap support as monophyletic, with 100% support that Blancoa is its sister. Within Conostylis, the study provides strong support for two large sister clades, which we refer to as clades A (100%) and B (99%). Clade A consists of C. subgen. Conostylis plus the recently discovered C. glabra of C. subgen. Pendula sect. Divaricata (100%), and C. subgen. Pendula sect. Appendicula (100%). …

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Missing Links Between Disjunct Populations Of Androcymbium (Colchicaceae) In Africa Using Chloroplast Dna Noncoding Sequences, Alberto Del Hoyo, Joan Pedrola-Monfort Jan 2006

Missing Links Between Disjunct Populations Of Androcymbium (Colchicaceae) In Africa Using Chloroplast Dna Noncoding Sequences, Alberto Del Hoyo, Joan Pedrola-Monfort

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

With the objective of clarifying some aspects of the biogeography, phylogeny, and taxonomy of the genus Androcymbium, we sequenced three chloroplastic DNA noncoding regions (trnL intron, trnL-trnF IGS, and trnY-trnD IGS). These data were analyzed with maximum parsimony and the ancestral areas methods following Bremer. Results show that Androcymbium is not monophyletic and that the origin of its distribution and speciation is situated in western South Africa. Later, it dispersed to North Africa, going first to eastern South Africa. Androcymbium austrocapense and A. roseum allow us to phylogenetically connect the species of …

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Gondwanan Vicariance Or Dispersal In The Tropics? The Biogeographic History Of The Tropical Monocot Family Costaceae (Zingiberales), Chelsea D. Specht Jan 2006

Gondwanan Vicariance Or Dispersal In The Tropics? The Biogeographic History Of The Tropical Monocot Family Costaceae (Zingiberales), Chelsea D. Specht

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Costaceae are a pantropical family, distinguished from other families within the order Zingiberales by their spiral phyllotaxy and showy labellum comprised of five fused staminodes. While the majority of Costaceae species are found in the neotropics, the pantropical distribution of the family as a whole could be due to a number of historical biogeographic scenarios, including continental-drift mediated vicariance and long-distance dispersal events. Here, the hypothesis of an ancient Gondwanan distribution followed by vicariance via continental drift as the leading cause of the current pantropical distribution of Costaceae is tested, using molecular dating of cladogenic events combined with phylogeny-based biogeographic …

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A Highly Efficient Transient Protoplast System For Analyzing Defence Gene Expression And Protein–Protein Interactions In Rice, Songbiao Chen, Lizen Tao, Lirong Zeng, Miguel E. Vega-Zanchez, Kenji Umemura, Guo-Liang Wang Jan 2006

A Highly Efficient Transient Protoplast System For Analyzing Defence Gene Expression And Protein–Protein Interactions In Rice, Songbiao Chen, Lizen Tao, Lirong Zeng, Miguel E. Vega-Zanchez, Kenji Umemura, Guo-Liang Wang

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

The transient assay system based on mesophyll or cultured cell-derived protoplasts has been exploited in several plant species and has become a powerful tool for rapid gene functional analysis and biochemical manipulations. However, the system has not been widely used in rice owing to the difficulties in large-scale isolation of viable rice protoplasts from leaves or suspension-cultured cells. Here, we describe a significantly improved method to isolate a large number of protoplasts from stem and sheath tissues of both young and mature plants. High-level coexpression of multiple constructs and efficient suppression of exogenous and endogenous genes were observed in the …

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