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Plant Pathology

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Meiotic Arrest Compromises Pollen Fertility In An Interspecific Hybrid Between Brachiaria Ruziziensis X Brachiaria Decumbens (Gramineae), M. S. Pagliarini, Cacilda B. Do Valle, A. B. Mendes-Bonato, C. Risso-Pascotto May 2023

Meiotic Arrest Compromises Pollen Fertility In An Interspecific Hybrid Between Brachiaria Ruziziensis X Brachiaria Decumbens (Gramineae), M. S. Pagliarini, Cacilda B. Do Valle, A. B. Mendes-Bonato, C. Risso-Pascotto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Disruptions in meiosis, development of the free microspores, microspore mitosis, pollen differentiation or anthesis can result in male-sterile plants (Glover et al., 1998). An understanding of the meiotic process is pivotal to work on reproduction, fertility, genetics and breeding in plants, with serious implications in crop production (Armstrong & Jones, 2003). Some African species of Brachiaria are the most important for pastures in the American tropics due to good adaptation and production. Artificial hybridization is underway in Embrapa to improve production, quality and insect resistance (Valle & Miles, 2001). For a cultivar to be successfully adopted good seed production …

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Analysis Of Genomic Affinity Between Brachiaria Ruziziensis And B. Brizantha Through Meiotic Behaviour, Cacilda B. Do Valle, M. S. Pagliarini, A. B. Mendes-Bonato, C. Risso-Pascotto May 2023

Analysis Of Genomic Affinity Between Brachiaria Ruziziensis And B. Brizantha Through Meiotic Behaviour, Cacilda B. Do Valle, M. S. Pagliarini, A. B. Mendes-Bonato, C. Risso-Pascotto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Genetic divergence between polyploid hybrids is displayed in chromosome pairing and in the rate of chromosome elimination due to differences in cell cycle between the two combined genomes (Sundberg et al. 1991). In Brachiaria, a genus of African grasses reaching continental proportions as a tropical pasture in Latin America, genome analysis has never been performed. The majority of accessions in this genus is polyploid and apomictic, which restricts breeding. The relative ease of obtaining fertile interspecific hybrids once ploidy barriers are overcome (Pereira et al. 2001) confirms the phylogenetic proximity among B. ruziziensis, B. decumbens and …

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The Economic Benefit Of Increased Yield And Digestibility In A Perennial C4 Grass, R. Mitchell, K. P. Vogel, G. Sarath May 2023

The Economic Benefit Of Increased Yield And Digestibility In A Perennial C4 Grass, R. Mitchell, K. P. Vogel, G. Sarath

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) is a perennial C4 grass native to the North American tallgrass prairie (Weaver, 1954). It provides productive, high quality forage during late spring and summer in the Great Plains, USA (Mitchell et al., 1994). Increasing forage yield and digestibility can increase livestock performance and grassland profitability (Casler & Vogel, 1999). This study aimed to compare the economic value of 2 big bluestem strains developed by 3 generations of breeding for increased forage yield and digestibility with the base populations from which they were derived.

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Growth Characteristics Of Superior Lines Of Zoysia Grass (Zoysia Japonica) And Development Of Its Dna Markers, Y. W. Rim, K. Y. Kim, M. J. Kim, B. R. Sung, Y. C. Lim, E. S. Chung May 2023

Growth Characteristics Of Superior Lines Of Zoysia Grass (Zoysia Japonica) And Development Of Its Dna Markers, Y. W. Rim, K. Y. Kim, M. J. Kim, B. R. Sung, Y. C. Lim, E. S. Chung

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Demand for turf grass has steadily increased for recreation and sport fields after the 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup in Korea. Zoysia grass has the advantage of easy management, including low water and fertiliser requirement, but has limitations such as low recovery, low shoot density and short green period (Kim et al., 1999). Objectives of this research were to select superior lines in the collected clones, compare the superior lines of zoysia grass with other standard cultivars for growth characteristics and to develop the DNA markers of superior lines.

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Quality Legume-Based Forage Systems For Contrasting Environments: Cost Action 852, A. Helgadottir, John Connolly, M. Fothergill, R. P. Collins, Claudio Porqueddu, Andreas Lüscher, M. T. Sebastia, Michael Kreuzer, M. Wachendorf May 2023

Quality Legume-Based Forage Systems For Contrasting Environments: Cost Action 852, A. Helgadottir, John Connolly, M. Fothergill, R. P. Collins, Claudio Porqueddu, Andreas Lüscher, M. T. Sebastia, Michael Kreuzer, M. Wachendorf

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Agricultural systems that reduce environmental degradation, sustain agricultural productivity and economic viability, maintain stable rural communities, enhance the quality of life and respond to increasing demand for livestock products are promoted in developed countries. Though major challenges exist, forage legumes, adapted to a wide range of soil types, climatic conditions and management systems, will become increasingly important components of sustainable agricultural production systems in Europe. Temporal and spatial variation in legume performance often occurs. Compared to pure grass systems, legume-based systems may lead to increased N losses. To what extent ruminants can use the protein from forage legumes, and whether …

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Higher Yield And Fewer Weeds In Four-Species Grass/Legume Mixtures Than In Monocultures: Results From The First Year At 20 Sites Of Cost Action 852, Laura Kirwan, Gilles Bélanger, J. A. Finn, M. Fothergill, Bodil E. Frankow-Lindberg, R. Garcia-Sarrion, A. Ghesquiere, P. Golinski, A. Helgadóttir, M. Jørgensen, Z. Kadžiuliene, D. Nyfeler, P. Nykänen-Kurki, G. Parente, V. Vasileva, R. Collins, J. Connolly, Andreas Lüscher, Claudio Porqueddu, M. T. Sebastià May 2023

Higher Yield And Fewer Weeds In Four-Species Grass/Legume Mixtures Than In Monocultures: Results From The First Year At 20 Sites Of Cost Action 852, Laura Kirwan, Gilles Bélanger, J. A. Finn, M. Fothergill, Bodil E. Frankow-Lindberg, R. Garcia-Sarrion, A. Ghesquiere, P. Golinski, A. Helgadóttir, M. Jørgensen, Z. Kadžiuliene, D. Nyfeler, P. Nykänen-Kurki, G. Parente, V. Vasileva, R. Collins, J. Connolly, Andreas Lüscher, Claudio Porqueddu, M. T. Sebastià

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Utilisation of grass/legume mixtures instead of grass monocultures is a sensible alternative for low input, efficient agricultural systems that reduce production costs, promote environmental policy and maintain a living countryside. Consequently, widely adapted forage legumes will become increasingly important. Instability of simple grass / legume mixtures with only one grass and one legume species is a major problem (Wachendorf et al., 2001). An experiment was established in 39 sites in Europe, Australia and Canada within COST Action 852 to: (1) assess the benefits of grass / legume mixtures in terms of forage production, (2) test whether the combination of …

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Exploring The Potential Of Heterosis To Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Popcorn Plants, Talles De Oliveira Santos, Antônio Teixeira Do Amaral Junior, Rosimeire Barboza Bispo, Wallace De Paula Bernado, Bruna Rohem Simão, Valter Jário De Lima, Marta Simone Mendonça Freitas, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Roberto Dos Santos Trindade, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Weverton Pereira Rodrigues, Eliemar Campostrini, Flávia Nicácio Viana, Cosme Damião Cruz May 2023

Exploring The Potential Of Heterosis To Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Popcorn Plants, Talles De Oliveira Santos, Antônio Teixeira Do Amaral Junior, Rosimeire Barboza Bispo, Wallace De Paula Bernado, Bruna Rohem Simão, Valter Jário De Lima, Marta Simone Mendonça Freitas, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Roberto Dos Santos Trindade, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Weverton Pereira Rodrigues, Eliemar Campostrini, Flávia Nicácio Viana, Cosme Damião Cruz

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen is crucial for plant growth and development, and improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a viable strategy for reducing dependence on nitrogen inputs and promoting sustainability. While the benefits of heterosis in corn are well known, the physiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in popcorn are less understood. We aimed to investigate the effects of heterosis on growth and physiological traits in four popcorn lines and their hybrids under two contrasting nitrogen conditions. We evaluated morpho-agronomic and physiological traits such as leaf pigments, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, and leaf gas exchange. Components associated with NUE were also evaluated. …

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Induction And Suppression Of Gene Silencing In Plants By Nonviral Microbes, Eric Parperides, Kaoutar El Mounadi, Hernan Garcia Ruiz May 2023

Induction And Suppression Of Gene Silencing In Plants By Nonviral Microbes, Eric Parperides, Kaoutar El Mounadi, Hernan Garcia Ruiz

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Gene silencing is a conserved mechanism in eukaryotes that dynamically regulates gene expression. In plants, gene silencing is critical for development and for maintenance of genome integrity. Additionally, it is a critical component of antiviral defence in plants, nematodes, insects, and fungi. To overcome gene silencing, viruses encode effectors that suppress gene silencing. A growing body of evidence shows that gene silencing and suppression of silencing are also used by plants during their interaction with nonviral pathogens such as fungi, oomycetes, and bacteria. Plant–pathogen interactions involve trans-kingdom movement of small RNAs into the pathogens to alter the function of genes …

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Induction And Suppression Of Gene Silencing In Plants By Nonviral Microbes, Eric Parperides, Kaoutar El Mounadi, Hernan Garcia Ruiz May 2023

Induction And Suppression Of Gene Silencing In Plants By Nonviral Microbes, Eric Parperides, Kaoutar El Mounadi, Hernan Garcia Ruiz

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Gene silencing is a conserved mechanism in eukaryotes that dynamically regulates gene expression. In plants, gene silencing is critical for development and for maintenance of genome integrity. Additionally, it is a critical component of antiviral defence in plants, nematodes, insects, and fungi. To overcome gene silencing, viruses encode effectors that suppress gene silencing. A growing body of evidence shows that gene silencing and suppression of silencing are also used by plants during their interaction with nonviral pathogens such as fungi, oomycetes, and bacteria. Plant–pathogen interactions involve trans-kingdom movement of small RNAs into the pathogens to alter the function of genes …

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Adaptation, Compatibility And Acceptability Of Grass-Legume Pastures In The Andean Region Of Colombia, E. Cárdenas, E. Castro May 2023

Adaptation, Compatibility And Acceptability Of Grass-Legume Pastures In The Andean Region Of Colombia, E. Cárdenas, E. Castro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Colombia, the specialised dairy production system is located in the high altitude Andean region. Its main feed resources are pure stands of Pennisetum clandestinum or/and Lolium spp. Nevertheless, the present market conditions require highly competitive and quality forages year round. These forages should be produced with low inputs (irrigation, fertilisers and agrochemicals) and be resistant to pests and diseases. The objective of this research was to evaluate the adaptation, compatibility and acceptability of introduced forage species for sustainable pasture management.

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New Cultivars For High Quality, Persistent Legume-Grass Pastures In The Southern Usa, J. H. Bouton May 2023

New Cultivars For High Quality, Persistent Legume-Grass Pastures In The Southern Usa, J. H. Bouton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the southern USA one cannot depend on perennial legume-grass pasture systems to have persistently high nutritive quality. 'Jesup' tall fescue, a cultivar with better persistence in the region than 'Kentucky 31', was re-infected with a non-ergot alkaloid producing strain of the Neotyphodium coenophialum fungal endophtye (MaxQTM) and found to give persistence equal to Jesup with its endemic strain (E+), but without animal toxins (Bouton et al., 2002). 'Durana' white clover (Bouton et al., 2004) was developed from regional ecotypes of Trifolium repens f. hollandicum germplasm and found to improve animal performance in both E+ and …

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Seed Productivity Of Festulolium And Lolium X Boucheanum Varieties, Iveta Gutmane, Aleksandr Adamovich May 2023

Seed Productivity Of Festulolium And Lolium X Boucheanum Varieties, Iveta Gutmane, Aleksandr Adamovich

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hybrid ryegrasses are intermediate lines between perennial ryegrass and Italian ryegrass as regards growth parameters, productivity and resistance. Good quality and digestibility of forage and higher yield are the main advantages of hybrid ryegrass over perennial ryegrass. Climatic conditions in the Baltic States and North Europe are not favourable enough for ryegrass cultivation but Festulolium is a prospective forage crop for this area (Nesheim, 2000, Adamovich, 2003). Ryegrasses, including hybrid ryegrasses, surpass Festulolium in forage quality. However, Festulolium persistance (resistance, winter-hardiness and, thus, high productivity) are noteworthy. Due to yield quality and competitive productivity, Festulolium may rank equally with timothy …

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Comparing Yield And Quality Of Milk From Dairy Cows Fed Stockpiled Annual Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum L.) And Cereal Rye (Secale Cereale L.), L. E. Meinhardt, R. L. Kallenbach May 2023

Comparing Yield And Quality Of Milk From Dairy Cows Fed Stockpiled Annual Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum L.) And Cereal Rye (Secale Cereale L.), L. E. Meinhardt, R. L. Kallenbach

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stockpiling annual ryegrass and cereal rye provides a low cost substitute to hay and creates an excellent source of feed during winter (Kallenbach et al., 2003). In addition to lowering feed costs, grazing increases the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk compared to feeding hay. Previous research suggested that forage species might differ in their ability to alter milk CLA content during the growing season (Wu et al., 1997). However, research is needed to determine if different forage species used for winter and early spring grazing impacts the CLA content of milk. The objective of this experiment …

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A Grazing Method To Solve The Lack Of Pastures In The Dry Season Of Tropical Areas With Long Periods Of Drought, R. O. Martinez, R. Tuero, M. F. Díaz May 2023

A Grazing Method To Solve The Lack Of Pastures In The Dry Season Of Tropical Areas With Long Periods Of Drought, R. O. Martinez, R. Tuero, M. F. Díaz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rotational grazing systems used in tropical areas in Latin America do not solve the great difference in pasture availability between the dry and the rainy season. The main studies on rational grazing (Voisin, 1963) were performed in temperate areas where the deficit of feeds in winter may only be solved with external feeds such as forages and silages produced out of the grazing system. The objective of this work was to demonstrate that it is possible to maintain pasture availability throughout the year with the use of a Pennisetum purpureum clone (Cuba CT-115) adapted to grazing (Martínez et al., …

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Breeding And Evaluation Of Forage Soyabeans, T. E. Devine May 2023

Breeding And Evaluation Of Forage Soyabeans, T. E. Devine

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The principal use of soyabean in the US in the early 1900s was as livestock forage. Soyabeans are less expensive to establish than small seeded perennial legume forages and can provide legume protein after winter killing of perennial legumes. Soyabean can improve production distribution by vigorous growth during the hot summer season when traditional perennial legumes are less productive.

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Effect Of Utilisation Date On The Yield And Quality Of A Semi-Natural Grass Stand In Winter, Jiří Skládanka May 2023

Effect Of Utilisation Date On The Yield And Quality Of A Semi-Natural Grass Stand In Winter, Jiří Skládanka

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Prolongation of the grazing period into the winter season reduces the costs of feedstuffs for dry cows. To enable the use of pastures in winter it is necessary to carry out the last cut or grazing cycle in June or July and to postpone the last grazing until the first week of August. (Opitz von Boberfeld, 1997). The time of the last utilisation in summer influences the yield and quality of herbage during the winter season (Bartholomew et al., 1997). This research studied changes in yield and quality of a semi-natural grass stand in autumn and in winter following …

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Annual Forage Legume Response To Herbicides Labelled For Lucerne Establishment, Twain J. Butler, R. Bow, J. P. Muir May 2023

Annual Forage Legume Response To Herbicides Labelled For Lucerne Establishment, Twain J. Butler, R. Bow, J. P. Muir

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Weed competition reduces stand establishment, thus lowering forage production and quality. However, there are no herbicides labelled for annual legume establishment, despite several labelled for the establishment of lucerne (Medicago sativa). Some of these may be useful in the establishment and production of annual forage legumes. Lucerne herbicides have greater potential for use on other legumes, since they have grazing and feeding clearance. The objective of this paper is to summarize annual legume yield response trials to herbicides labelled for lucerne establishment.

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Hymenachne Amplexicaluis [(Rudge) Nees] Genetic Resources Collection In México, A Suitable Grass For Flood Plains In Tropical Areas, J. F. Enriquez-Quiroz, A. R. Quero-Carrillo, J. Perez-Perez, A. Hernandez-Garay, E. Garcia-Moya May 2023

Hymenachne Amplexicaluis [(Rudge) Nees] Genetic Resources Collection In México, A Suitable Grass For Flood Plains In Tropical Areas, J. F. Enriquez-Quiroz, A. R. Quero-Carrillo, J. Perez-Perez, A. Hernandez-Garay, E. Garcia-Moya

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hymenachne amplexicaluis [( Rudge ) Nees; 2n= 2x= 24; Azuche, West Indian marsh grass] is a native Central and South America C3 grass that grows well under intermittent flooding conditions. It produces good seed set and stolons to thrive on new areas assuring its survival, combined with an efficient N metabolism to promote vigorous new growing leaves and tillers (Antel et al., 1998). Azuche is a dual attribute species when introduced to new areas; it has valuable forage attributes but also is a potential weed (Hill, 2000). As Azuche is a native species, one must deal with in …

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Critical Analysis Of Tropical Forage Breeding In Brazil, J. A. Usberti Jr., P. B. Alcantara May 2023

Critical Analysis Of Tropical Forage Breeding In Brazil, J. A. Usberti Jr., P. B. Alcantara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage grasses account for 90% of the Brazilian forage seed market while the genera Brachiaria, Panicum and others are responsible for 85, 10 and 5% of the traded grass seeds, respectively. Most of the forage grass and legume cultivars available for sowing in Brazil were selected in germplasm banks during the last 20 years, while few of them were derived from artificial crossings, followed by selection for desirable forage traits. The selection of new genetic materials in germplasm banks (exploitation of naturally-occurring genetic variability) is still feasible but the chances of success are decreasing through time. From now on, …

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Oxalic Acid Leaf Disk Soak Assay Is A New Possibility In Screening For Blight Resistance In Castanea Species, Kaitlyn Harden May 2023

Oxalic Acid Leaf Disk Soak Assay Is A New Possibility In Screening For Blight Resistance In Castanea Species, Kaitlyn Harden

Honors Theses

Chestnut blight is a disease caused by the ascomycete fungus Cryphonectria parasitica in the Castanea species. The fungus uses oxalic acid (OA) to attack the tree’s cells. Castanea dentata, the American chestnut, was wiped out by chestnut blight in the early to mid-20th century, but several East Asian Castanea species appear highly resistant to the fungus. To breed resistant American type trees, screening methods are used to enable selection of interspecific hybrids. The alternative small stem assay (aSSA) is a method of screening container-grown hybrid seedlings during their first growing season by directly infecting them with C. parasitica. Some plant …

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Gene Expression Changes Linked To Phenylpropanoid-Based Resistance To Fusarium Head Blight Of Wheat, Shiv Singla May 2023

Gene Expression Changes Linked To Phenylpropanoid-Based Resistance To Fusarium Head Blight Of Wheat, Shiv Singla

Department of Plant Pathology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogen of wheat that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) and contaminates the grain with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Resistance to FHB is quantitative and it is important to identify additional genes conferring resistance against it. The goal of this thesis was to examine if the constitutive expression of two sorghum phenylpropanoid pathway genes, SbCCoAOMT (encoding caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase) and SbC3’H (encoding p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase), in the moderately-susceptible spring wheat CB037 can provide Type-I and Type-II resistance to F. graminearum and determine the underlying mechanisms of the enhanced resistance. The constitutive expression lines (CCoAOMT413, CCoAOMT421, C3H112, …

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A Small Stem Assay Using Hypovirulent Cryphonectria Parasitica To Screen Castanea Dentata Backcross F2 Families May Set The Stage For Long-Term Survival, Trish Nguyen May 2023

A Small Stem Assay Using Hypovirulent Cryphonectria Parasitica To Screen Castanea Dentata Backcross F2 Families May Set The Stage For Long-Term Survival, Trish Nguyen

Honors Theses

By combining the results of blight resistance breeding and the application of hypovirulence as a biocontrol, populations of resistant hybrid trees could be deployed together with a less pathogenic strain of Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. I used a small stem assay to screen seedlings in thirteen half-sibling backcross F2 families with an attenuated strain of C. parasitica containing the Cryphonectria parasitica hypovirus-1 (CHV-1) Euro7 virus. The experiment was set up as a randomized complete block design in 2-gallon containers. Measurements of canker length and morphology were gathered at 90 days post-inoculation. Although statistically significant differences were seen between canker lengths …

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Management Of Nematodes Associated With Tobacco And Sweet Potato Using Non-Fumigant Approach, Md Shah Alam May 2023

Management Of Nematodes Associated With Tobacco And Sweet Potato Using Non-Fumigant Approach, Md Shah Alam

All Theses

Tobacco and sweet potato are attacked by several species of plant-parasitic nematodes leading to substantial yield losses. Because host-plant resistance is lacking in commercial cultivars and other common methods of nematode management either have low efficacy or pose adverse effects to the environment, controlled environment studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of non-fumigant chemical and biological nematicides against Meloidogyne enterolobii on tobacco and Rotylenchulus reniformis on sweet potato. Results suggest that fluensulfone was the most effective in suppressing M. enterolobii in tobacco, followed by oxamyl and fluopyram. The biological Burkholderia derived biological nematicide did not suppress the nematode population. …

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Laser Inscribed Graphene Aptasensor For Detection Of Apple Stem Pitting Virus, Yifan Tang May 2023

Laser Inscribed Graphene Aptasensor For Detection Of Apple Stem Pitting Virus, Yifan Tang

All Theses

Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) is a latent RNA virus that could cause significant loss to apple production; early-stage field diagnosis could reduce the economic loss caused by ASPV infection. Biosensor is a promising user-friendly detection tool that could transduce biological or chemical interactions into electric signals. Among various types of biosensors, aptasensor, which use aptamers as recognition elements show potential as a high throughput, in-field test. The goal of this thesis is to develop an electrochemical aptasensor testing system for ASPV detection. The quality control study of laser inscribed graphene (LIG) based working electrode of the biosensor was conducted …

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Investigating The Role Of The Sumo-Activating Enzyme, Uba2, In Infection-Related Morphogenesis Of Magnaporthe Oryzae, Rachel Taylor May 2023

Investigating The Role Of The Sumo-Activating Enzyme, Uba2, In Infection-Related Morphogenesis Of Magnaporthe Oryzae, Rachel Taylor

Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

The plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae forms a specialized pressure-generating infection cell called an appressorium on the leaf surface, which it uses to mechanically rupture the otherwise impenetrable cuticle, enabling colonization of the underlying tissue and the establishment of blast disease. Appressorium differentiation by M. oryzae is cell cycle-regulated and requires programmed cell death of a three-celled propagative spore, as well as extensive remodeling of the microtubule, actin, and septin cytoskeletons. Recent studies have proposed the importance of sumoylation – the enzymatic conjugation of a small ubiquitin-like modifier to target proteins, for various aspects of infection-related development by M. oryzae, …

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Differential Behaviour Of Guineagrass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.) Hybrids, With Different Al+3 Reactions, As To Major Nutrient Translocations To The Leaves, R. S. Paterniani, J. A. Usberti Jr., J. C. Werner Apr 2023

Differential Behaviour Of Guineagrass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.) Hybrids, With Different Al+3 Reactions, As To Major Nutrient Translocations To The Leaves, R. S. Paterniani, J. A. Usberti Jr., J. C. Werner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Most of the Brazilian cultivated pasture fields presents soils with high Al+3 levels and liming is economically unfeasible. So, there is an urgent need for grasses with good forage yielding potentials that can withstand Al+3 deleterious effects (abnormal root development: short, thick and poorly branched roots, which are unable to effectively translocate water and essential nutrients to the leaves) (Foy, 1984); as a consequence, susceptible genetic materials have their field persistences greatly affected, mainly during drought periods. Researches on Al+3 reaction are usually compare supposedly resistant/tolerant genotypes with a resistant control check; doing so, the genotypic effect …

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Animal Performance And Productivity Of New Ecotypes Of Brachiaria Brizantha In Brazil, Valéria P. B. Euclides, Manuel C. M. Macedo, Cacilda B. Do Valle, R. Flores, M. P. Oliveira Apr 2023

Animal Performance And Productivity Of New Ecotypes Of Brachiaria Brizantha In Brazil, Valéria P. B. Euclides, Manuel C. M. Macedo, Cacilda B. Do Valle, R. Flores, M. P. Oliveira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brazil has the competitive advantage of a very dynamic and cost effective animal production system on pastures over other countries. The pursuit for more productive forages that will result in higher quality beef at a lower cost is then justified. Brachiaria is the most important forage genus utilised in Brazil, thus an intense search for new cultivars amongst collected and introduced ecotypes from Africa is underway. Following agronomic evaluation of this material in plots, 8 pre-selected Brachiaria ecotypes were tested under intermittent grazing in paddocks (Euclides et al., 2001). Continuing on the process of cultivar development, two out of …

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Development Of A Bahiagrass Paspalum Notatum Flugge With Increased Short-Day Biomass, P. Mislevy, Ann R. Blount, T. R. Sinclair Apr 2023

Development Of A Bahiagrass Paspalum Notatum Flugge With Increased Short-Day Biomass, P. Mislevy, Ann R. Blount, T. R. Sinclair

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Low herbage productivity of subtropical grasses during the short-day winter months of October through to March can place a severe burden on livestock producers in Southeastern U.S. Researchers at the University of Florida (Sinclair et al., 2001) hypothesised that the decrease in forage production might result from physiological dormancy induced by short day length. A study using artificial lights to extend the day length demonstrated that maintaining the day length at 15 hr during the short-day length period increased 'Pensacola' bahiagrass P. notatum Flugge saure Parodi forage yield 122% when compared with normal photoperiod (Mislevy et al., 2001). …

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Genetic And Molecular Characterization Of Temperate And Tropical Forage Maize Inbred Lines, B. Alarcón-Zúñiga, E. Valadez-Moctezuma, T. Cervantes-Martinez, T. Cervantes-Santana, M. Mendoza‐Rodriguez Apr 2023

Genetic And Molecular Characterization Of Temperate And Tropical Forage Maize Inbred Lines, B. Alarcón-Zúñiga, E. Valadez-Moctezuma, T. Cervantes-Martinez, T. Cervantes-Santana, M. Mendoza‐Rodriguez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The livestock feeding in the Central highland of Mexico is based on harvest, grazing and annual forage conservation, being forage maize the most important silage crop (Alarcón, 1995). Even though forage maize is extensively bred in Europe, USA and Asia since 1900's, this started in Mexico in the 1960's, and little is known about the genetic diversity in both agronomic and nutritive value traits. Our breeding program goals are to analyze combining ability of biomass and quality predictors and to study the genetic relationship of inbred lines between lowland tropical and temperate races from Mesa Central, by genetic and molecular …

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Preliminary Performance Of Panicum Maximum Accessions And Hybrids In Brazil, Liana Jank, Rosangela M. S. Resende, S. Calixto, M. M. Gontijo Neto, V. A. Laura, Manuel C. M. Macedo, Cacilda B. Do Valle Apr 2023

Preliminary Performance Of Panicum Maximum Accessions And Hybrids In Brazil, Liana Jank, Rosangela M. S. Resende, S. Calixto, M. M. Gontijo Neto, V. A. Laura, Manuel C. M. Macedo, Cacilda B. Do Valle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Due to the lack of high quality forages adapted to the distinct ecosystems in Brazil, a national network to evaluate 14 accessions, 4 hybrids and 5 commercial standards of Panicum maximum was established in 2002, in 5 regions of Brazil (states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Acre, Rondônia, Minas Gerais and in the Federal District). Staff of the Embrapa Beef Cattle group co-ordinated the network and pre-selected the accessions and hybrids (Jank, 1995; Jank et al., 2001; Resende et al., 2004). We present their performance as to leaf dry matter yield (LDMY) and leaf percentage (LP) obtained from …

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