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Nidus Idearum. Scilogs, X: Via Neutrosophica, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this tenth book of scilogs – called via neutrosophica (the neutrosophic way) –, one may find new and old questions and solutions, referring mostly to topics on NEUTROSOPHY, but also MULTISPACE, with miscellaneous addition of topics on Physics, Mathematics, or Sociology – email messages to research colleagues, or replies, notes about authors, articles, or books, spontaneous ideas, and so on.

Exchanging ideas with A. Elhassouny, Junhui Kim, Jeong Gon Lee, Kul Hur, Hojjatollah Farahani, W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Said Broumi, Mumtaz Ali, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Ozen Ozer, Madad Khan, Gheorghe Săvoiu, John Mordeson, Adesina Agboola, Waldyr Rodrigues, Ajay Sharma, Stephen …

Magnetic Microscopy And Search For Exotic Interaction Detection With Color Centers In Diamond, Nathaniel Ristoff

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers have been used extensively for the measurement of magnetic fields in applications of geology, biology, medicine, and fundamental physics. In regard to fundamental physics, NV centers offer a unique opportunity to test potential velocity dependant spin-spin interactions as well as velocity-spin interactions at the micron scale. In regards to magnetic materials, NV centers offer a platform to investigate magnetic properties of nanoparticles in an individual, but highly parallelized measurement. In this work, an experiment is proposed to measure a potential fundamental interaction between spins, mediated by an integer spin boson. These velocity dependent interactions will couple …

Structural, Electrical And Optical Properties Of Copper Oxide Phase Mixture: An Active Layer Of Solar Cell, Rifat Ara Shams

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Both CuO and Cu2O have been well studied and implemented individually as an active layer of a solar cell from early age of manufacturing. A mixture of these two-phase contents at different ratios can bring variance in absorbance which can present new and diverse aspect in solar cell fabrication with added efficiency. Previous works were successful to vary the phase mixture, and the nanostructures provided very high absorption co-efficient but poor optical response on electrical conductivity. The goal of this research is to find out the optimum parameter for the phase mixture of copper oxide with high absorption coefficient as …

การสังเคราะห์และการอบฟิล์มบาง Vo2 ที่ปลูกด้วยกระบวนการโซลเจลเพื่อนำไปใช้เป็นกระจกกันความร้อนอัจฉริยะ, พงศธรณ พันธ์บูรณะ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ผู้ทดลองทำการทดลองเพื่อหาเงื่อนไขที่เหมาะสมสำหรับการปลูกฟิล์มบาง VO2 (M) ที่มีสมบัติ Semiconductor Metal transition (SMT) ซึ่งสามารถนำไปใช้ในการทดลองและใช้เป็นอุปกรณ์ต่างๆ เช่นกระจกกันความร้อนอัจฉริยะ (Smart Window) ผู้ทดลองปลูกฟิล์มบาง VO2 (M) ด้วยกระบวนการโซลเจลซึ่งเป็นวิธีที่มีความซับซ้อนไม่มากและค่าใช้จ่ายต่ำกว่าวิธีอื่น การทดลองนี้ศึกษาผลของตัวแปรทั้ง 5 ต่อการอบฟิล์มบาง VO2 ซึ่งตัวแปรทั้ง 5 ประกอบด้วย อุณหภูมิ เวลา บรรยากาศในขณะอบฟิล์ม ซับสเตรตและสารตั้งต้นที่ใช้ในการอบฟิล์ม ผู้ทดลองปลูกฟิล์มภายใต้อุณหภูมิต่างๆ (300, 400 และ 500 °C) และอบฟิล์มด้วยเวลาที่ต่างกัน (30, 60, 90 และ 120 นาที) ภายใต้บรรยากาศปกติและบรรยากาศที่มีออกซิเจนน้อย (ไนโตรเจนหรืออาร์กอน) การทดลองนี้ใช้ซับสเตรตสองชนิด (SiO2 และ Al2O3) และใช้สารตั้งต้นสองชนิด สารตั้งต้นชนิดแรกคือ VO(OC3H7)3 ที่มีอัตราส่วน V:O 1:4 และ เริ่มต้นด้วย V5+ สารตั้งต้นชนิดที่สองคือ VO(acac)2 ที่มีอัตราส่วน V:O 1:5 และ เริ่มต้นด้วย V4+ จากนั้นผู้ทดลองได้ตรวจสอบสมบัติและชนิดของฟิล์มด้วยการวัดความต้านทานที่อุณหภูมิต่างๆ ก่อนและหลังอบฟิล์ม ตรวจสอบโครงสร้างของฟิล์มโดยรามานสเปกโตรมิเตอร์และการวิเคราะห์การเลี้ยวเบนของรังสีเอกซ์ การทดลองให้ผลว่าอุณหภูมิที่สูงกว่าและเวลาที่นานกว่าในการอบทำให้ฟิล์มที่ได้มีสมบัติเข้าใกล้ VO2 (M) มากกว่าการใช้อุณหภูมิและเวลาในการอบที่น้อยกว่า นอกจากนั้นผู้ทดลองยังพบว่าเงื่อนไขที่เหมาะสมสำหรับการปลูกฟิล์มคือ การใช้ Al2O3 เป็นซับสเตรตโดยมี VO(OC3H7)3 เป็นสารตั้งต้นและทำการอบในบรรยากาศที่มีออกซิเจน น้อย ในการทดลองสุดท้ายผู้ทดลองปลูกฟิล์มบน Al2O3 โดยใช้ VO(OC3H7)3 เป็นสารตั้งต้นแล้วทำการอบที่อุณหภูมิ 500 °C นาน 120 นาที ภายใต้บรรยากาศที่มีออกซิเจนเป็นส่วนประกอบน้อย (อาร์กอน) ผลการวิเคราะห์การเลี้ยวเบนของรังสีเอกซ์และการใช้รามานสเปกโตรมิเตอร์ยืนยันว่าฟิล์มที่ได้เป็น VO2 (M) ที่ปนด้วย V6O13 ซึ่งมีสมบัติ SMT ที่ 79 °C และสามารถกั้นรังสีอินฟราเรดที่อุณหภูมิสูงได้เล็กน้อย …

Classification Of Metal Hydride Superconductors Using Machine Learning, Vichayuth Imchitr

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Metal hydrides are currently the main approach in the quest for high-temperature superconductors, as they exhibit a wide range of superconducting critical temperatures (TC). The key ingredient for determining the superconducting critical temperature is the phonon in the material. However, calculating the phonon via the first-principle method requires high computational costs and is time-consuming. To expedite the search for new superconducting hydrides, machine learning has been applied to scan for potential high-TC materials before performing phonon calculations. However, this method has limitations due to the limited number of available training samples, and the selection of input features for the task …

Thermodynamic Stability Prediction Of Multi-Transition-Metal Mxenes, Chayanon Atthapak

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Over the past decade, the largest group of two-dimensional alloys like transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes), have attracted a lot of attention in the material science community due to their alloying behaviors and their wide range of applications. However, the phase stability of multi-transition-metal MXenes has so far barely been validated. For this reason, examinations of the stability of multi-transition-metal MXenes from the theoretical aspect are highly of importance for future experimental synthesis and characterization of the materials. In this work, the proponent aims at investigating the thermodynamic stability of (Mo-Ti-V)3C2 MXenes, by performing computational simulations based on density functional theory …

Thermal Conductivity Studies Of Nitrogen Subsituted Single-Layered Diamond Using Density Functional Theory Simulation, Sakarn Khamkaeo

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Recently, a promising two-dimensional material known as single-layered diamond or diamane has emerged, combining the interesting properties of bulk diamond with the exceptional thermal conductivity characteristic of two-dimensional materials. However, diamane’s stability requires high pressure unless its surfaces are passivated, for example, hydrogen or fluorine. Later, N-substituted diamane has been introduced as a solution, providing both stability and fascinating hardness properties. This thesis investigates the thermal properties of nitrogen-containing diamane using computational simulations with the density functional theory and the Boltzmann transport equation. The results show the out-of-plane vibration mode of N-substituted diamane, along with the calculated thermal conductivity with …

A Review Of Monte Carlo Methods And Their Application In Medical Physics For Simulating Radiation Transport, Joe Shields

Honors Theses and Capstones

Monte Carlo methods are used to calculate statistical behavior through the use of random number generators and probability density functions. They have been used extensively in medical physics for research in radiotherapy, designing technology, dosimetry, and advanced clinical applications. This paper provides a background on Monte Carlo methods and a review of radiation therapy physics and dosimetry. Additionally, there is a discussion of the different ways Monte Carlo methods are used in medical physics as well as a review of current research related to Monte Carlo methods. The final portion of this paper contains my own Monte Carlo simulation using …

Generally Covariant Theory Of Multipole Moment Conserving Quasiparticles, Gavin Eric Riley

Honors Theses and Capstones

This report represents the creation of a field theory which is capable of describing quasiparticle excitations that preserve 2^k -pole moments. These quasiparticles exhibit certain ’semidynamic’ properties such as individual particle immobility but free movement of bound 2^L-tuples. We provide a review of work done on dipole conserving fractons and their dynamics [1] and expand upon it to describe higher moment conserving systems with global quadratic (and higher) phase symmetry. This requires the selection of the temporal and spatial directions. The selection of a temporal direction is done with a foliation defined by an anisotropic scaling of space and time, …

Development Of A Fluxgate Magnetometer Model, Eleonora Olsmats

Honors Theses and Capstones

As a part of the UNH SWFO-L1 mission to monitor space weather and the sun’s behavior, the fluxgate magnetometer is an important component to measure external magnetic fields. The basic principle of a fluxgate magnetometer is to detect changes in the ambient magnetic field by inducing a magnetic field in a ferromagnetic material via a drive winding. Each magnetometer is unique due to the ferromagnetic properties of the core material which can be seen in the hysteresis loop which is a relationship between the magnetic field strength (H) and the induced magnetic field (B). Measuring the hysteresis of a fluxgate …

Vertical Artifacts In High-Resolution Worldview-2 And Worldview-3 Satellite Imagery Of Aquatic Systems, Megan M. Coffer, Peter J. Whitman, Blake A. Schaeffer, Victoria Hill, Richard C. Zimmerman, Wilson B. Salls, Marie C. Lebrasse, David D. Graybill

OES Faculty Publications

Satellite image artefacts are features that appear in an image but not in the original imaged object and can negatively impact the interpretation of satellite data. Vertical artefacts are linear features oriented in the along-track direction of an image system and can present as either banding or striping; banding are features with a consistent width, and striping are features with inconsistent widths. This study used high-resolution data from DigitalGlobeʻs (now Maxar) WorldView-3 satellite collected at Lake Okeechobee, Florida (FL), on 30 August 2017. This study investigated the impact of vertical artefacts on both at-sensor radiance and a spectral index for …

The Aquatic Particle Number Quandry, Alexander B. Bochdansky, Huanqing Huang, Maureen H. Conte

OES Faculty Publications

Optical surveys of aquatic particles and their particle size spectra have become important tools in studies of light propagation in water, classification of water masses, and the dynamics of trophic interactions affecting particle aggregation and flux. Here, we demonstrate that typical settings used in image analysis vastly underestimate particle numbers due to the particle – gel continuum. Applying a wide range of threshold values to change the sensitivity of our detection system, we show that macrogels cannot be separated from more dense particles, and that a true particle number per volume cannot be ascertained; only relative numbers in relation to …

Question 1: Ketchup Packets; Question 2: Dog Hair, Larry Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

Question 2: Dog hair How much dog hair is shed (and subsequently vacuumed) in the U.S. each year? How many ketchup packets are used in America every year?.

Question 1: Dinosaur Killer Crater; Question 2: Graduation Speeches, Larry Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

The Fermi Questions: In 2003, the "Dinosaur Killer" asteroid crater was imaged for the first time (see National Geographic News, March 7, 2003). The crater is believed to be 100 km in radius and 1 km deep. What was the kinetic energy of the asteroid that made the crater? Express your answer in joules and in megatons (1 MT = 4 ·10 J).

Solutions For Fermi Questions, April 2022, Larry Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

[Introduction] Answer: When an asteroid hits the Earth, it transfers thermal and kinetic energy to the ground. The kinetic energy moves rock and makes a crater. We'll start by estimating the kinetic energy needed to make a crater.

Solutions For Fermi Questions, May 2022, Larry Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

[Introduction] Question: If the James Webb Space Telescope could be turned to face the Earth, how small an object could it resolve? How does that compare to the Hubble Space Telescope?.

To answer this, we need to know the location of the JWST, its size, and the wavelengths it can image. (This is one of those Fermi questions where we're not really estimating, but we are calculating unusual order-of-magnitude answers.) The JWST is orbiting the Earth and Sun at the second Lagrange point, L2, which is located 1.5 × 10⁶ km beyond the Earth (so that the Sun, Earth and …

Question 1: Space Telescope; Question 2: Jwst2, Larry Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

[Introduction] Space telescope

Question 1: If the James Webb Space Telescope could be turned to face Earth, how small an object could it resolve? How does that compare to the Hubble Space Telescope? ...

Question 2: How much heat from Earth is blocked by the Sun and Earth shade of the James Webb Space Telescope? ...

Question: While I was at a Norfolk Tides baseball game, a foul ball landed in the section above me and showered some of my friends with beer. What is the probability of a foul ball landing directly in a cup of beer during one …

Solutions For Fermi Questions, March 2022, Larry Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

Answers the questions:

Question 1: Ketchup packets

How many ketchup packets are used in America every year?

Question 2: Dog hair

How much dog hair is shed (and subsequently vacuumed) in the U.S. each year?

Effect Of Duration Of 120 °C Baking On The Performance On Superconducting Radio Frequency Niobium Cavities, B. D. Khanal, P. Dhakal

Physics Faculty Publications

Over the last decade much attention was given in increasing the quality factor of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities by impurity doping. Prior to the era of doping, the final cavity processing technique to achieve the high accelerating gradient includes the "in situ" low temperature baking of SRF cavities at temperature ~ 120 °C for several hours. Here, we present the results of a series of measurements on 1.3 GHz TESLA shape single-cell cavities with successive low temperature baking at 120 °C up to 96 hours. The experimental data were analyzed with available theory of superconductivity to elucidate the effect …

An Update To C12-21-004: Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering Measurements Of A = 3 Nuclei With Clas12 In Hall B, D. Gaskell, D. W. Higinbotham, C. Keith, C. Keppel, J. Maxwell, A. Tadepalli, D. Meekins, D. Nguyen, S. Stepanyan, H. Szumila-Vance, A. Denniston, O. Hen, J. Kahlbow, T. Kutz, J. R. Pybus, E. P. Segarra, C. Ayerbe-Gayoso, H. Bhatt, B. Devkota, J. Dunne, D. Dutta, L. El Fassi, A. Karki, M. Amarian, C. Fogler, F. Hauenstein, C. Hyde, G. Gavalian, L. B. Weinstein, S. Li, R. Cruz Torres, J. Rittenhouse West, Z. G. Xiao, Y. Wang, J. H. Xu, Z. H. Ye, Y. P. Zhang, K. Griffioen, P. Bosted, A. Bianconi, G. Costantini, M. Leali, S. Migliorati, L. Venturelli, V. Mascagna, A. Boyer, F. Benmokhtar, A. Gadsby, A. Parker, L. Baashen, B. Raue, W. J. Briscoe, S. Ratliff, A. Schmidt, E. Seroka, P. Sharp, P. G. Solazzo, I. I. Strakovsky, K. Adhikari, G. Niculescu, K.-T. Brinkmann, S. Diehl, A. Kripko, Sheren Alsalmi, Tyler J. Hague, A. Beck, S. Beck, E. Cohen, I. Korover, G. Johansson, C. Neuburger, E. Piasetzky, Michael Nycz, R. Capobianco, T. Haywars, F.-X. Girod, K. Joo, A. Kim, V. Klimenko, R. Santos, U. Shrestha, P. Simmerling, J. Richard, N. Trotta, B. Mckinnon, W. Brooks

Physics Faculty Publications

We propose to measure precision ratios of charged pion electroproduction in 10.6 GeV Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering from ²D, ³He and ³H targets in CLAS12 over a wide range of xB to test the flavor dependence of the EMC effect in the valence quark region. This trio of targets minimizes hadron attenuation effects while maximizing nuclear asymmetry and takes advantage of the tritium target that will be developed for the approved quasi-elastic experiment E12-20-005 [1]. The experiment will focus on z = En/v ≥ 0.3 to maximize the connection between the struck quark and the detected π±. Double ratios of …

Exceptional Point Generated Robust Asymmetric High-Order Harmonics, Hamidreza Ramezani, Amir Targholizadeh, Gui-Lei Zhu, Xin-You Lü, Cem Yuce

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Using exceptional point dynamics in time and space modulated lattices we propose a new mechanism for generation of asymmetric robust higher harmonics. Specifically we design a metallic-silicon system with a complex optical potential spatiotemporally modulated along the length of the waveguide for this robust higher harmonic generation. In our system the dynamical equations associated with modal field amplitudes are described by a Jordan form Hamiltonian. This ultimately will allow for a unidirectional higher frequency generation which always has a maximum value for a specific length of the waveguide irrespective of the geometrical imperfections in the design of the waveguide. Furthermore, …

Model Checks For Two-Sample Location-Scale, Atefeh Javidialsaadi

Dissertations

Two-sample location-scale refers to a model that permits a pair of standardized random variables to have a common distribution. This means that if X₁ and X₂ are two random variables with means µ₁ and µ₂ and standard deviations ?₁ and ?₂, then (X₁ - µ₁)/?₁ and (X₂ - µ₂)/?₂ have some common unspecified standard or base distribution F₀. Function-based hypothesis testing for these models refers to formal tests that would help determine whether or not two samples may have come from some location-scale …

Coherent Control Of Dispersive Waves, Jimmie Adriazola

Dissertations

This dissertation addresses some of the various issues which can arise when posing and solving optimization problems constrained by dispersive physics. Considered here are four technologically relevant experiments, each having their own unique challenges and physical settings including ultra-cold quantum fluids trapped by an external field, paraxial light propagation through a gradient index of refraction, light propagation in periodic photonic crystals, and surface gravity water waves over shallow and variable seabeds. In each of these settings, the physics can be modeled by dispersive wave equations, and the technological objective is to design the external trapping fields or propagation media such …

Experimental And Computational Studies Of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes For Use In Energy Storage Devices And Membranes, Emine S. Karaman

Dissertations

Electrolytes with good interfacial stability are a crucial component of any electrochemical device. The development of novel gel polymer electrolytes (GEs) with good interface stability and better manufacturability is important for the development of the next generation electrochemical devices. Gel electrolytes are hybrid electrolyte materials, combining benefits of both liquid and solid systems. Compared with liquid and solid electrolytes, GEs open new design opportunities and do not require rigorous encapsulation methods. In this dissertation, studies on functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based gel electrolytes (GEs) are reported. The ionic conductivity and mechanical strength …

Hydrodynamic Characterization Of Laboratory And Production Equipment For Pharmaceutical Testing And Manufacturing Using Experimental And Computational Approaches, Chadakarn Sirasitthichoke

Dissertations

The hydrodynamics of process units used in pharmaceutical industry, i.e., the distribution of velocity profiles and shear stresses within the vessel, often controls the process performance, significantly affecting product quality. The hydrodynamics is strongly influenced by several factors such as the vessel shape, stirrer type, presence of internals and baffles, agitation intensity, and liquid properties. Most of these parameters can be varied by the process designers and the operators to achieve the desired process outcomes. The impact of the hydrodynamics on the process outcome can be profound in both large vessels (e.g., reactors) and smaller vessels (e.g., dissolution vessels), involving …

Dependent Censoring In Survival Analysis, Zhongcheng Lin

Dissertations

This dissertation mainly consists of two parts. In the first part, some properties of bivariate Archimedean Copulas formed by two time-to-event random variables are discussed under the setting of left censoring, where these two variables are subject to one left-censored independent variable respectively. Some distributional results for their joint cdf under different censoring patterns are presented. Those results are expected to be useful in both model fitting and checking procedures for Archimedean copula models with bivariate left-censored data. As an application of the theoretical results that are obtained, a moment estimator of the dependence parameter in Archimedean copula models is …

Electric-Field-Driven Processes In Multiphase Fluid Systems, Qian Lei

Dissertations

Advantages of using electric fields in miniaturized apparatuses for a wide range of applications are revealed by numerous experimental and theoretical studies over the last several decades as it offers a simple and efficient method for manipulation of multiphase fluid systems. This approach is considered to be especially beneficial for control of boiling processes and colloidal suspensions considered in the presented work.

Boiling. Today's trends for enhancing boiling heat transfer in terrestrial and space applications focus on removal of bubbles to prevent formation of a vapor layer over the surface at a high overheat. In contrast, this dissertation presents a …

A Numerical Solution Of Water Flow In Unsaturated Soil With Evapotraspiration, Andrei Ludu, Harihar Khanal, Ramesh Chandra Timsina, Kedar Nath Uprety

Publications

Flow movement in unsaturated soil can be expressed by Richards equation. This equation can be obtained by applying the mass conversation law and the Darcy law. In this work, we solve one-dimensional Kirchhoff transformed Richards equation with loss of water due to the evaporation of unsaturated porous media (soils) and transpiration of plants numerically using Crank-Nicolson method. The result has compared with evapotranspiration function and without it in the governing equation. It has found that an additional work in time and flow movement is needs to reach the given boundary condition for the model without evapotranspiration.

Rural Electrification Using Iliceto Shield Wire Scheme In Developing Countries: Tanzania Case Study, Heavenlight M Munisi, Santos Kihwele

Tanzania Journal of Science

Rural electrification rate in Tanzania is still very low despite the efforts made by the Rural Energy Agency (REA) in Tanzania. Rural electrification using medium voltage (MV) method has two major obstacles. First obstacle is high cost associated with the cost of extending the grid electricity to rural areas. Second obstacle is remoteness of the villages, which leads to high power loss during transmission. In lieu of economic extension of rural electrification areas, this paper proposes a low cost solution of Iliceto Shield Wire Scheme (ISWS). This technique involves insulating shield wires (SW) from high voltage (132-400 kV) transmission line …

Smart Electric Meter Deployment In Tanzania: A Survey, Theresia B Maziku, Kwame S Ibwe, Abdi Abdalla, Ellen A Kalinga

Tanzania Journal of Science

Using information and communication technologies (ICT) to make the electrical power network intelligent and smarter (smart grid) has been the focal point in transforming electrical power industry. The idea behind smart grid is to transform the Tanzanian power sector into a secure, adaptive, sustainable, and digitally enabled ecosystem that provides reliable and quality energy for all with active participation of stakeholders. Smart metering is a central segment in realizing smart grid. However, a big question is whether Tanzanian power stakeholders are ready for smart metering technology investments for household applications. Operation and maintenance of a smart metering solution is a …