Digital Commons Network^™

Tailored Resonant Waveguide Gratings For Augmented Reality, Matt Markowitz, Michele Cotrufo, You Zhou, Karl Stensvad, Craig Schard, Adam C. Overvig, Andrea Alù

Advanced Science Research Center

We explore the use of tailored resonant waveguide gratings (RWG) embedded in a glass-like matrix as angularly tolerant tri-band reflection filters under oblique excitation. Through inverse design we optimize 1D grating structures to support multi-frequency narrow- band resonances in an otherwise transparent background, ideally suited for augmented reality applications. In particular, we show theoretically and experimentally that a single RWG can be tailored to provide reflection levels larger than 50% under p-polarized excitation at three distinct wavelengths of choice, over a narrow bandwidth and within a substantial angular range around 58° incidence, while simultaneously eliminating ghost reflections from the glass/air …

Feasibility Of Obtaining Surface Layer Moisture Flux Using An Ir Thermometer, Steven T. Fiorino, Lance Todorowski, Jaclyn Schmidt, Yogendra Raut, Jacob Margraf

Faculty Publications

This paper evaluates the feasibility of a method using a single hand-held infrared (IR) thermometer and a mini tower of wet and dry paper towels to psychometrically obtain surface layer temperature and moisture gradients and fluxes. Sling Psychrometers have long been standard measuring devices for quantifying the thermodynamics of near-surface atmospheric gas–vapor mixtures, specifically moisture parameters. However, these devices are generally only used to measure temperature and humidity at one near-surface level. Multiple self-aspirating psychrometers can be used in a vertical configuration to measure temperature and moisture gradients and fluxes in the first 1–2 m of the surface layer. This …

In-Phantom Film Measurements Of Two Treatment Planning Systems For Single-Fraction Spine Sbrt, Michael J. Taylor

LSU Master's Theses

Purpose: Treatment planning accuracy for spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) varies depending on the dose calculation algorithm utilized in the treatment planning system (TPS). This project compared the end-to-end accuracy between spine SBRT plans calculated in a convolution-superposition based TPS (TPS_CS) and Monte Carlo based TPS (TPS_MC) with radiochromic film measurements. The hypothesis was that TPS_MC would calculate the dose gradient in the critical region between the vertebral body and the spinal cord more accurately than TPS_CS.

Methods: Single-fraction spine SBRT treatments following RTOG 0631 and local institutional guidelines were planned in …

Implementation Of A Least Squares Method To A Navier-Stokes Solver, Jada P. Lytch, Taylor Boatwright, Ja'nya Breeden

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

The Navier-Stokes equations are used to model fluid flow. Examples include fluid structure interactions in the heart, climate and weather modeling, and flow simulations in computer gaming and entertainment. The equations date back to the 1800s, but research and development of numerical approximation algorithms continues to be an active area. To numerically solve the Navier-Stokes equations we implement a least squares finite element algorithm based on work by Roland Glowinski and colleagues. We use the deal.II academic library , the C++ language, and the Linux operating system to implement the solver. We investigate convergence rates and apply the least squares …

Black Carbon Aerosol Number And Mass Concentration Measurements By Picosecond Short-Range Elastic Backscatter Lidar, Romain Ceolato, Andrés E. Bedoya-Velásquez, Frédéric Fossard, Vincent Mouysset, Lucas Paulien, Sidonie Lefebvre, Claudio Mazzoleni, Christopher Sorensen, Matthew J. Berg, Jérôme Yon

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Black carbon aerosol emissions are recognized as contributors to global warming and air pollution. There remains, however, a lack of techniques to remotely measure black carbon aerosol particles with high range and time resolution. This article presents a direct and contact-free remote technique to estimate the black carbon aerosol number and mass concentration at a few meters from the emission source. This is done using the Colibri instrument based on a novel technique, referred to here as Picosecond Short-Range Elastic Backscatter Lidar (PSR-EBL). To address the complexity of retrieving lidar products at short measurement ranges, we apply a forward inversion …

X-Ray Observation Of The Roche-Lobe-Filling White Dwarf Plus Hot Subdwarf System Ztf J213056.71+442046.5, S. Mereghetti, N. La Palombara, T. Kupfer, T. R. Marsh, C. M. Copperwheat, K. Deshmukh, P. Esposito, T. Maccarone, F. Pintore, Liliana Rivera Sandoval

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

ZTF J213056.71+442046.5 is the prototype of a small class of recently discovered compact binaries composed of a white dwarf and a hot subdwarf that fills its Roche lobe. Its orbital period of only 39 minutes is the shortest known for the objects in this class. Evidence for a high orbital inclination (i = 86°) and for the presence of an accretion disk has been inferred from a detailed modeling of its optical photometric and spectroscopic data. We report the results of an XMM-Newton observation carried out on 2021 January 7. ZTF J213056.71+442046.5 was clearly detected by the Optical Monitor, …

Event-Based Imaging Polarimeter, Michael R. Hawks, Michael L. Dexter

Faculty Publications

The design and initial experimental results from an event-based, rotating-polarizer, imaging polarimeter are presented. The speed of division-of-time imaging systems is traditionally constrained by the frame rate of the focal plane sensor and the need to sample several polarization angles during rotation. The asynchronous event reporting of event-based cameras (EBCs) frees these constraints but introduces challenges. The Stokes vectors used to describe polarization are based on irradiance, but EBCs are inherently change-detection systems that struggle to estimate irradiance. Two methods of estimating the polarization state without first recovering irradiance images are presented and compared. The DAVIS 346 sensor enables simultaneous …

Dr. Lawrence J. Berliner, Anit Tyagi

DU Undergraduate Research Journal Archive

An interview with Dr. Lawrence J. Berliner.

Contributions Of Vibrational Spectroscopy To Virology: A Review, Iqra Chaudhary, Naomi Jackson, Denise Denning, Luke O'Neill, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Vibrational spectroscopic techniques, both infrared absorption and Raman scattering, are high precision, label free analytical techniques which have found applications in fields as diverse as analytical chemistry, pharmacology, forensics and archeometrics and, in recent times, have attracted increasing attention for biomedical applications. As analytical techniques, they have been applied to the characterisation of viruses as early as the 1970s, and, in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, have been explored in response to the World Health Organisation as novel methodologies to aid in the global efforts to implement and improve rapid screening of viral infection. This review …

Editorial Board

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

No abstract provided.

Simulating Photo-Disintegration Of 137cs Radioactive Waste Using Various Energies Of Gamma Photons, Hassanain H. Alkazzaz, Asia H. Al-Mashhadani, Kamal H. Lateef

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In this study, the possibility of using gamma-ray in photo-disintegration method was examined so that it can be used in the remediation of 137Cs radionuclides waste materials by nuclear transmutation to convert long-lived nuclides to other isotopes nuclides, which are shorter half-life (or stable), by different photo-nuclear reaction channels (γ,n), (γ,2n), (γ,p), (γ, a), (γ,d). A simulation code has been written using MATLAB for conducting calculations of reduction and residual. The results showed that gamma-ray fluxes below 1017 [cm-2 s-1] are not adequate to perform effective incinera-tion of 137Cs, and as for gamma flux of 1018 [cm-2 s-1] it showed …

Engineering Of A Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine Against Sasrs-Cov-2 Through The Viroinformatic Approach, Aamir Shehzada, Christijogo Sumartono, Jusak Nugraha, Helen Susilowatid, Andi Yasmin Wijayab, Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Fedik Abdul Rantam

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The COVID-19 outbreak has infected millions of people worldwide, but no vaccine has been discovered to combat it efficiently. This research aims to design a multi-epitope vaccine using highly efficient B- and T-cell epitopes from the SARS-CoV-2 Surabaya isolate through a viroinformatic approach. First, the putative epitopes were linked together to develop tertiary structures and then docked with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) that demonstrated a robust interaction with a low eigenvalue of 4.816138 e-06. Furthermore, the structure's high immunogenic response was observed and successfully cloned into the expression vector pET28a (+). This implies that the designed vaccine can prove effective …

Partial Automation Of Data Analysis In A Z Prime Boson Search, Ethan Colbert

Undergraduate Theses

Analysis of data from the ATLAS experiment at the LHC has been a research focus in the Department of Physics at Bellarmine University (BU). At BU, analysis has largely been focused on Z boson decays and searching for evidence of a Z’ (Z Prime) boson. The data are stored in the form of .xml files, with one file representing one collision event inside the ATLAS detector. Previous analyses have been conducted on an event-by-event basis, using the Hypatia software package. While this allows for high-quality visualization and effective event analysis, it is highly time-consuming. I propose and implement a piece …

Artificial Intelligence, Controls, And Sensor Fusion For Optimization And Modeling Of Space Missions And Particle Accelerators, Reza Pirayeshshirazinezhad

Mechanical Engineering ETDs

This PhD dissertation is devoted to developing artificial intelligence (AI) applications for space missions and particle accelerators considering constraints on the computational resources. The space mission studied in this research, the Virtual Telescope for X-ray Observations (VTXO), is the mission exploiting 2 6U-CubeSats operating in a precision formation. The goal of the VTXO project is to develop a space-based, X-ray imaging telescope with high angular resolution precision. VTXO space mission is designed and the mission is optimized to increase the performance of the mission. Trajectory optimization with AI, hybrid control, control algorithms, and high performance computing are all used to …

Monitoring Bacteria Cultures Using Near Infrared (Nir) Binary Spectronephelometry (Bsn), Raman Spectra And Principal Component Analysis (Pca), Steven Ortiz

Dissertations - ALL

Current noninvasive methods cannot continuously and simultaneously monitor the concentrations of cells and media components that define the state of native bacterial cultures, because of changing turbidity. A new technique, binary spectronephelometry (BSN) has the same or better sensitivity and precision for population monitoring as optical density at 600nm (OD600), while simultaneously measuring metabolic processes. The BSN algorithm uses laser induced emission to probe mildly turbid media i.e., propagation of light occurs in the single scattering regime. A BSN "training set" associates a grid of elastic emission measurements, comprising Rayleigh and Mie scattering, and inelastic emission measurements, comprising fluorescence and …

Probing Lepton Flavour Universality With $\Bz \To \Kstarz \Taup \Taum$, Aravindhan Venkateswaran

Dissertations - ALL

Neutral current $\bquark \to \squark ll$ processes have long been known to be precise probes of physics beyond the Standard Model. A pattern of anomalies seen in $\bquark \to \squark \mup \mun$ and in $\bquark \to \cquark \tau \nu$ data has hinted at the violation of lepton flavour universality. Effective field theories which attempt to find an explanation for these anomalies predict sizeable enhancements to the rate of $\bquark \to \squark \taup \taum$ currents. We use $pp$ collision data collected by the LHCb detector to estimate a sensitivity of $\BF(\Bz \to \Kstarz \taup \taum) < 1.5 \times 10^{-3}$ at 95\% C.L.

Correlation Functions Of The Anharmonic Oscillator: Numerical Verification Of Two-Loop Corrections To The Large-Order Behavior, Ludovico T. Giorgini, Ulrich D. Jentschura, Enrico M. Malatesta, Giorgio Parisi, Tommaso Rizzo, Jean Zinn-Justin

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Recently, the large-order behavior of correlation functions of the O(N)-anharmonic oscillator has been analyzed by us [L. T. Giorgini et al., Phys. Rev. D 101, 125001 (2020)PRVDAQ2470-001010.1103/PhysRevD.101.125001]. Two-loop corrections about the instanton configurations were obtained for the partition function, the two-point and four-point functions, and the derivative of the two-point function at zero momentum transfer. Here, we attempt to verify the obtained analytic results against numerical calculations of higher-order coefficients for the O(1), O(2), and O(3) oscillators, and we demonstrate the drastic improvement of the agreement of the large-order asymptotic estimates and perturbation theory upon the inclusion of the two-loop …

Electronic, Optical, And Thermal Probes Of The Layered Mott Insulator Α-Rucl3 In The Atomically Thin Limit, Jesse Balgley

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Alpha-ruthenium(III) chloride (α-RuCl3) is a layered Mott insulator and van der Waals material that can be cleaved down to a single atomic layer. This material is a promising candidate to realize the Kitaev quantum spin liquid, a strongly correlated phase of matter expected to host fractionalized quasiparticles and a potential platform for topological quantum computation. When α-RuCl3 is placed in direct contact with the layered semimetal graphene we observe a strong charge transfer between the two materials despite the electrically insulating nature of α-RuCl3, which absorbs ≈ 4 × 10^13 electrons/cm^2 from the graphene. Remarkably, this charge transfer persists and …

Distributed X-Ray Sources For X-Ray Imaging And Small Animal Flash Irradiator, Yuewen Tan

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Emerging distributed x-ray source technology enables new designs for x-ray imaging systems. The multi-pixel thermionic emission X-ray (MPTEX) source, a distributed x-ray source developed in our lab, was assembled and tested. With a multi-row CdTe photon-counting detector, forty-eight x-ray fan beams of MPTEX source were able to cover a 25-cm cross-sectional and 8-cm axial field of view. Tetrahedron-beam x-ray imaging techniques using MPTEX source were demonstrated.Ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy or FLASH radiotherapy (RT) potentially can reduce normal tissue toxicity in radiation treatments. A compact irradiator that can deliver FLASH-RT treatments similar to conventional RT treatments is needed for preclinical studies. …

Exploring The Solar System Through Space And Time Via Laboratory Investigations Of Extraterrestrial Material, Kainen Lee Utt

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation reports the results of laboratory studies of lunar soil samples, gas-to-solid filamentary enstatite grains from a likely-cometary interplanetary dust particle (IDP), and exogenous clasts in the CH3 chondrite Acfer 182 that likely originated from a differentiated basaltic planetesimal. These studies were performed using multi-instrument analyses involving high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) techniques, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy (SINS), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and Raman spectroscopy. The results of these analyses are used to examine space weathering phenomena, energetic processing and radial transport in the protoplanetary disk, and the origins of igneous inclusions …

An Interdisciplinary Approach To Understanding Volcanoes And Their Processes, Katherine Cosburn

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

To better understand volcanoes and their processes is important from both a fundamental science perspective and for hazard monitoring purposes. The complexity and limitations we face in pursuing such a science are numerous and this dissertation explores how an interdisciplinary approach combining physics, computer science, and volcanology can address this complexity in a straightforward and meaningful way. This is achieved through various modelling techniques across three studies: (1) a first-order analytic modelling of stratovolcano topographic shape, (2) the use of a Bayesian joint inversion on gravity and novel cosmic-ray muon measurements for imaging flat-lying subsurface density anomalies, and (3) the …

The Effect Of Surface Gas/Liquid Entrapment On Drag Reduction, Haosen Tan

Mechanical Engineering Research Theses and Dissertations

Economic globalization has made today’s world more closely linked, where transportation (e.g. shipping, pipeline) has played an important role. Approximately over 60% (in air), 80% (underwater), and 100% (in pipeline) propulsive power is used to overcome surface drag, so reducing surface drag will have a substantial impact economically and environmentally.

To develop a surface that has lower drag, the intuitive idea is to convert no-slip boundary conditions to slip or partial slip ones. To achieve that, the most promising approach is to replace the solid-liquid boundaries completely or partially with gas-liquid or liquid-liquid boundaries, because the shear stress is much …

Transistion Metal Chalcogenides And Phosphides For Energy Storage And Conversion Through Water Splitting, Kelsey Thompson

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

In contemporary society, there are many different ways that energy is used in daily life. From applications that require a high energy density to long-term storage in a stable manner, the requirements for energy usage are diverse. Therefore, the greater the number of uses a designed material exhibits, the more practical it may be for wide-scale manufacture. Two areas of particular interest for energy applications are fuel cells (to generate energy) and supercapacitors (to store energy). To provide cheaper and more durable alternatives for energy storage, electrodes containing CoMoO₄, NiMoO₄, CoMoS₄, NiMoS₄, …

Examination Of Ionization In Cesium Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers With An Ion Chamber Diagnostic, Benjamin Oliker

Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

Diode pumped alkali lasers (DPALs) are leading candidates for future high power applications, with many potential utilities for the military, aerospace, communications, and scientific diagnostics. A critical step in their development is measurement and understanding of unwanted ionization processes that occur inside the laser, which decrease efficiency, reduce the usable alkali population, and increase heat load. In this dissertation, direct measurement of the ionization rate of a cesium DPAL gain medium are made for the first time, via application of an ion chamber diagnostic. Results will demonstrate that the rate of ionization is slow compared to pump absorption, with a …

Nonequilibrium And Nonlinear Dynamics In Collective Spin Models And Implementations Using Quantum Feedback Control, Manuel H. Munoz Arias

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

Out-of-equilibrium dynamics generalizes the study of ground states of quantum Hamiltonians at zero temperature, to that of dynamical quasi-steady states of quantum systems far from equilibrium. In this dissertation I discuss dynamical quantum phase transitions and out-of-equilibrium phases of matter in models of collective spins with multi-body interactions. These models, based on collective degrees of freedom, allow an exact description of the thermodynamic limit via the mean-field description. In this limit, the nonequilibrium dynamics of properties of quantum states is mapped to the nonlinear dynamics of classical variables, and thus it can be analyzed using tools from the theory of …

Low-Temperature Luminescence Spectrum Of A Fine-Grained Cdte Layer In A Film Heterostructure N-Cds/P-Cdte, N. Kh Yuldashev

Scientific-technical journal

It is shown that the spectrum of low-temperature (4.2 K) edge photoluminescence of a thin and fine-grained (h,d=1mkm) polycrystalline CdTe layer in an n-CdS/p-CdTe film heterostructure upon frontal excitation by an Ar+ laser with a flux power of -4.8 mW/mm² consists of the dominant А - lines of intrinsic (e-h) emission with a half-width6-8 meV and a short-wavelength shift 30 meV of the red boundary relative to Eg , its LO-phonon repetition (B-lines, 40meV) and a broad D-line (40 meV) of surface-interface luminescence with a maximum at a frequency of 150eV. The back illumination of the photoresistive CdS layer …

The Baltimore Oriole’S Nest: Cool Winds From The Inner And Outer Parts Of A Star-Forming Galaxy At Z=1.3, Weichen Wang, Susan A. Kassin, S. M. Faber, David C. Koo, Emily C. Cunningham, Hassen M. Yesuf, Guillermo Barro, Puragra Guhathakurta, Benjamin J. Weiner, Alexander De La Vega, Yicheng Guo, Timothy M. Heckman, Camilla Pacifici, Bingjie Wang, Charlotte Welker

Pacific Faculty Work

Strong galactic winds are ubiquitous at z ≳ 1. However, it is not well-known where inside galaxies these winds are launched from. We study the cool winds (∼10⁴ K) in two spatial regions of a massive galaxy at z = 1.3, which we nickname the “Baltimore Oriole’s Nest.” The galaxy has a stellar mass of 10^10.3±^0.3Me, is located on the star-forming main sequence, and has a morphology indicative of a recent merger. Gas kinematics indicate a dynamically complex system with velocity gradients ranging from 0 to 60 km s⁻¹. The two regions studied …

Turbulent Transport Of Dissolved Oxygen In Natural Channels, Alanna Bachtlin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The transport and mixing of dissolved oxygen (DO) is important to replenish the oxygen depleted by natural processes; gas transfer in general has implications for ecosystem metabolism and greenhouse gas transfer. Currently, reaeration coefficients can be found through gas tracer methods, which estimates one-way gas transfer. For this project, a net oxygen consumption rate, , was developed using the similarity equations, which provides a value from DO and velocity profiles specific to a stream site. Additionally, three models to calculate friction velocity, which is required for oxygen consumption rate, were compared. Reynolds stresses, mathematically developed in the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations, …

Bio-Based Antibacterial Packaging From Decorated Bagasse Papers With Natural Rosin And Synthesised Go-Ag Nanoparticles, Mohamed Morsy

Nanotechnology Research Centre

No abstract provided.

Direct Simulation And Reduced-Order Modeling Of Premixed Flame Response To Acoustic Modulation, Zheng Qiao

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation introduces a general, predictive and cost-efficient reduced-order modeling (ROM) technique for characterization of flame response under acoustic modulation. The model is built upon the kinematic flame model–G-equation to describe the flame topology and dynamics, and the novelties of the ROM lie in i) a procedure to create the compatible base flow that can reproduce the correct flame geometry and ii) the use of a physically-consistent acoustic modulation field for the characterization of flame response. This ROM addresses the significant limitations of the classical kinematic model, which is only applicable to simple flame configurations and relies on ad-hoc models …