Digital Commons Network^™

Optimization Of Image Quality Of Simulated Multiple Detectors Computed Tomography Acquisition Parameters Using Machine Learning And Catphan Phantom, Ali O. Masoud, Najat K. Mohammed, Khamis O. Amour, Ahmed M. Jusabani, Denise Mwalongo, Mwingereza John Kumwenda

Tanzania Journal of Science

The study successfully employed Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and a Machine Learning (ML) approach using a Random Forest Regression (RFR) model to develop optimized Multi-Detector CT (MDCT) protocols that significantly reduce radiation dose while maintaining diagnostic image quality. The MC engine accurately modeled X-ray spectra, and the RFR model demonstrated high predictive power for key metrics, achieving R2 scores of 0.97 for CTDIvol and over 0.92 for image quality metrics (Noise, CNR). Through multi-objective optimization guided by the RFR, the final protocol (Optimization-3) was found on the Pareto front, achieving a notable 35% dose reduction (from 15.5 mGy to 9.9 …

Optimizing Gamma Radiation Shielding Of Low Bismuth Borate Glass Via Antimony Addition: Optical And Physical Insights, Shaimaa Hafez, Elsayed Salama, Wesam Omar

Basic Science Engineering

This study reports the fabrication and characterization of novel bismuth borate-based glass systems doped with varying concentrations of antimony oxide (Sb₂O₃) for gamma radiation shielding applications. Using the melt-quenching method, the glass systems [0] with x = 0, 1, 3, and 5 mol% were prepared. Density measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy were employed to analyze the structural, physical, and optical properties systematically. The results show that increasing Sb₂O₃ content raises the glass density, refractive index, and oxygen packing density, while reducing the molar volume and optical band gap. These changes contribute to forming a …

Anomalous Spontaneous Induction Of Magnetic And Electric Fields In Dense Quark Matter, Efrain J. Ferrer, Jose Miguel Perez-Fernandez

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

In this paper, we will demonstrate that a dense quark-matter system in the dual chiral density wave (DCDW) phase behaves as a ferromagnet in the sense that its magnetic-field dependent magnetization remains different from zero even at 𝐵 →0. The corresponding permanent magnetization is a function of the baryonic chemical potential 𝜇, decreasing up to zero as 𝜇 increases in the range of intermediate densities (312  MeV⩽𝜇⩽342  MeV) and then increasing from zero in the higher density interval 490  MeV⩽𝜇⩽550  MeV. We will show that this system’s ability to generate permanent magnetization, together with the existence of the axial anomaly, …

A New Highly Oxygen-Deficient And Cubic Pr3Zro8-Δ For Intermediate-Temperature Thermochemical Production Of Oxygen And Hydrogen, Jiaxin Lu, Yongliang Zhang, Luhong Chen, Yan Chen, Ke An, Yasser Shoukry, Xinfang Jin, Zhi-Hao Wang, Sai Mu, Kevin Huang

Faculty Publications

Two-step thermochemical cycles offer a clean route for hydrogen and oxygen production but are typically limited to high temperatures exceeding 1500 °C. Lowering operating temperatures would enable the use of alternative heat sources such as industrial waste heat. Here, we report Pr₃ZrO₈ as a new enabling material for efficient intermediate-temperature redox cycling, with thermal reduction at 900 °C in argon and steam oxidation at 400 °C. Pr₃ZrO₈ adopts a face-centered cubic structure similar to CeO₂ but exhibits significantly greater oxygen deficiency, achieving average oxygen and hydrogen fluxes of 331.7 and 70.3 µmol·g-1, respectively, …

A Coupled Fractional Thermistor System Demonstrating Existence, Uniqueness, And Simulation Results With Two-Point Boundary Conditions, Yahia Awad, Angela Khattar, Hussein Fakih, Sami Hammoud, Karim Amin

Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications

This paper studies a coupled system of Caputo fractional differential equations of orders $\alpha, \beta\in(1,2]$, subject to two-point boundary conditions. The model incorporates nonlinear nonlocal integral terms that capture the memory-dependent interactions between thermal and electrical dynamics in thermistor materials. We rigorously establish existence via Schaefer’s fixed-point theorem and uniqueness through Banach’s contraction principle in a Banach space of continuous and continuously differentiable functions. Additionally, we analyze Ulam–Hyers stability to quantify solution sensitivity to initial perturbations. A numerical example highlights the effects of fractional orders and nonlocal feedback on system behavior. This work generalizes classical thermistor models and provides a …

Magnetic Field Tuned Magnetic Order And Metamagnetic Criticality In Nonstoichiometric Ceaubi2, Halyna Hodovanets, Hyunsoo Kim, Tristin Metz, Yasuyuki Nakajima, Christopher J. Eckberg, Kefeng Wang, Jie Yong, Shanta R. Saha, David Graf, Nicholas P. Butch, Thomas Vojta, Johnpierre Paglione

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present a detailed study of magnetization, resistivity, heat capacity, and x-ray and neutron powder diffraction measurements performed on single crystals of nonstoichiometric CeAuBi₂, Au deficiency 18%, a strongly correlated antiferromagnet with Néel temperature T_N = 13.2 K. Field-dependent magnetization measurements reveal a large magnetic anisotropy at low temperatures with an easy axis along the crystallographic c axis, in which direction a spin-flop transition exhibits strong features in magnetization, specific heat, and resistivity at H_c = 75 kOe. The constructed temperature-field phase diagram connects this transition to the suppression of magnetic order, which evolves from a …

Uranium Chemical Compound Classification Using Sub-Images And Statistical Machine Learning For Nuclear Forensics, Lee C. Lambert, Brett J. Borghetti, Abigail A. Bickley

Faculty Publications

Uranium particle analysis from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imagery is a crucial tool in nuclear forensics. The particle morphology lexicon proposed by Tamasi et al. in J Radioanal Nucl Chem 307, 1611–1619 (2016) follows a standardized, manual identification process to identify particle morphology features. The present work seeks to mirror this methodology using computer feature selection from the scikit-image Python library rather than human classification. Using a random forest classifier, a 56% overall uranium true positive classification accuracy (a 39.6% balanced classification accuracy) was achieved on a test set outperforming a naïve (chance) model by 48%. The methodology introduced splits …

Νgan: A Deep Learning Emulator For Cosmic Web Simulations With Massive Neutrinos, Neerav Kaushal, Elena Giusarma, Mauricio Reyes

Michigan Tech Publications

Understanding the impact of neutrino masses on the evolution of the Universe is a central goal of modern cosmology. Due to their large free-streaming lengths, neutrinos significantly affect structure formation at nonlinear scales, requiring accurate theoretical predictions to fully exploit current and future galaxy surveys. However, generating such predictions through large ensembles of cosmological simulations is computationally expensive. In this work, we introduce a deep learning-based generative adversarial network, νGAN, to emulate the Universe across a range of neutrino masses from 0.0 to 1.2 eV. The generated 2D cosmic web maps are statistically independent, show no correlations with the training …

Scalar Hybrid Meson B̄Gc, Bi̇rten Barsbay İnaç

Turkish Journal of Physics

The scalar hybrid meson H_bc, containing both heavy b and c quarks, represents an intriguing exotic state in QCD. In this article, we investigate its strong decay properties using three-point QCD sum rules. We focus on the two leading decay channels, H_bc → B⁺ D⁰ and H_bc → B⁰ D⁺, which are expected to dominate the decay dynamics. The B and D mesons produced in these decays each consist of one heavy and one light quark. The strong coupling constants at the corresponding vertices are extracted, and the partial decay widths …

Outburst Characteristics Of Transient  Low-Mass X-Ray Binary 4u 1608-52, Can Güngör

Turkish Journal of Physics

We present a detailed analysis of the long-term X-ray light curve of 4U 1608–52, focusing on fast-rising exponential-decay (FRED) outbursts, low-intensity states, and quiescent intervals. By calibrating the onset times of the outbursts, we identify three distinct classes for the FRED-type events: (i) the long-high outbursts, exceeding ~50 d in duration with peak count rates above ~40 cnt s-1; (ii) the short-medium outbursts, with durations of ~20 d and peak count rates of ~30-50 cnt s-1; and (iii) the short-low outbursts, also lasting ~20 d but reaching only ~20-30 cnt s-1 at peak. Furthermore, we examine the relation between preoutburst …

New Measurement And Analysis For The 15N + 11B Elastic Scattering System, Nurlan Amangeldi, İsmai̇l Boztosun, Dauren Soldatkhan, Bakytbek Mauyey, Kanat Makhanov, Raimbek Akhat, Aida Anuar, Gani Yergaliuly

Turkish Journal of Physics

New experimental data on the elastic scattering of the nuclear process 15N+11B at an energy of Elab=26.25 MeV were obtained on the DC-60 cyclotron of the INP RK. Based on a semi-microscopic analysis of the interaction of an accelerated 15N ion with 1p-shell nuclei 11B the effectiveness of the new B3Y-Fetal potential was studied. . The difference between the B3Y-Fetal potential and the traditional Yukawa potentials (M3Y-Reid and M3Y-Paris) is that its density-dependent parameters are determined from the saturation condition of nuclear matter at low energy. Analysis was performed on double folding optical model (DFOM) and so no for other …

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Turkish Journal of Physics

No abstract provided.

Symmetric Orthogonalization And Probabilistic Weights In Resource Quantification, Gökhan Torun

Turkish Journal of Physics

Transforming nonorthogonal bases into orthogonal ones often compromises essential properties or physical meaning in quantum systems. Here, we demonstrate that Löwdin symmetric orthogonalization (LSO) outperforms the widely used Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization (GSO) in characterizing and quantifying quantum resources, with particular emphasis on coherence and superposition. We employ LSO both to construct an orthogonal basis from a nonorthogonal one and to obtain a nonorthogonal basis from an orthogonal set, thereby mitigating ambiguity related to the basis choice in defining quantum coherence. Unlike GSO, which depends on the ordering of input states, LSO applies a symmetric transformation that treats all vectors equally and …

The 1/C Expansion Of General Relativity In A 3+1 Formulation, Revisited, Mahmut Elbi̇stan

Turkish Journal of Physics

We study the 1/c expansion of general relativity within a formulation that is compatible with both the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner and the Kol-Smolkin decompositions. The Einstein-Hilbert action takes a common form for those decompositions as they are dual to each other. We first develop a method to expand this generic form and then push the expansion up to c−3 order within this novel approach. Next, we apply our technique to the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner decomposition and expand it up to c−3 order explicitly. In order to demonstrate the applicability of our method and to highlight the duality at the level of expansion, we also …

Optical Textures Of A Uniform Liquid Crystal Lattice: Monte Carlo Simulations With Newton Colors And Mueller Matrix Analysis, Yakup Emül

Turkish Journal of Physics

The optical textures of a uniform liquid crystal (LC) molecule lattice structure were explored through Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, combined with Mueller matrix (MM) formalism and Newton’s color theory. These simulations utilized a Lebwohl-Lasher (LL) type interacting LC lattice under periodic boundary conditions, generating ensemble-averaged configurations at two temperature regimes (kBT = 0.9 and 1.2), corresponding respectively to nematic and isotropic states. These configurations were then incorporated into the MM framework to evaluate the polarization states of transmitted light. To visually interpret the resulting interference phenomena, we propose a new visualization method based on a modern interpretation of Newton’s color …

A 682-Second X-Ray Periodicity In Ch Cygni: Evidence For A Magnetic White Dwarf, Manuel Pichardo Marcano, Thomas J. Maccarone, Liliana E. Rivera Sandoval

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Symbiotic stars are interacting binaries consisting of a red giant and typically a white dwarf (WD), which are important as potential Type Ia supernova progenitors. Despite theoretical predictions that WDs in symbiotic systems should often be magnetic, direct evidence has been elusive. We report the discovery of a 682.5 ± 7 s periodicity in the XMM–Newton X-ray light curve that we interpret as the spin period of the WD in CH Cygni. This detection provides strong evidence for a magnetic WD in CH Cygni, making it only the second WD symbiotic star with confirmed X-ray pulsations after R Aquarii. Our …

Molecular Detection Of Genes Encoded For Biofilm Formation In Bacteria Isolated From The Oral Cavity Of Patients, Tebarek Al-Taei, Ali A. Al-Hisnawi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Background: A biofilm is a collection of the microbial cells attached to the surface that are encased in a matrix of extracellular polymers. Biofilm formation creates a physical and chemical barrier that prevents antibiotics from reaching bacterial cells, resulting in treatment failure and reinfection. The present study aimed to investigate the biofilm formation in bacteria isolated from the oral cavity of patients.

Methods: In this study, 150 bacterial isolates were obtained from tooth and gum surface swabs of male and female patients of different ages who visited specialized centers and dental clinics in Babylon City after they were clinically diagnosed …

Building The Erau Solar Telescope: Advancing Heliophysics Research And Education Through Optical Innovation, Erin Abraham, Sarah Hoover, Skylar G. Butler, Margret Stanley, Gwynlyn Hannah

Student Research Symposium (SRS)

The new Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) Solar Telescope represents a campus-wide collaboration to design and install a high-resolution solar observatory. The ERAU solar telescope, aiming for first light by Summer 2026, will integrate research-grade instrumentation, student training opportunities, and expand public engagement with the ERAU observatory. The telescope is housed within a 2.3-meter refurbished dome structure whose electrical and structural systems are being upgraded to support automated dome rotation and environmental stabilization. The optical design features a multi-element lens and mirror assembly optimized for a 1° field of view. The optical assembly includes a downport centered in the dome that …

Characterizing The Solar Sources Of Periodic Mesoscale Solar Wind Structures Responsible For Radiation Belt Particle Loss: Results And Implications For Space Weather Forecasting, Grace Gratton

Student Research Symposium (SRS)

It is now well-established that the ambient solar wind is dynamic and highly structured at mesoscales – scales larger than kinetic, but smaller than CMEs/SIRs. These structures are often created at the Sun and survive to 1 AU, where they form the ground-state of space weather as they continually buffet Earth's magnetosphere, the moon, and Mars. Two primary ways that mesoscale structures pose significant risks to spacecraft and astronauts are through driving radiation belt depletion, and amplifying the hazards of CMEs and SIRs through upstream solar wind preconditioning. Characterizing the solar origins and solar wind properties of geoeffective mesoscale structures …

Paschen Curves Of Glow Discharges In Different Gas Compositions, Seth Gerow

Student Research Symposium (SRS)

Our work focuses on low current, low temperature plasma discharges: glow and corona. Townsend theory predicts that the critical voltage to initiate a gas breakdown (i.e., a "spark") between two parallel plate electrodes is dependent on the product of the pressure and distance; consequently, variations in either parameter which results in the same product, pd, do not affect the breakdown voltage. In this work, we present Paschen curves of narrow-to-wide electrode glow discharges in two gas mediums, argon and air. These curves show a deviation from theoretical predictions, such that changes in electrode configuration create a uniform shift of the …

Leveraging Redshift Probabilities And Machine Learning Classification To Identify Catastrophic Outlier Photometric Redshift Estimates, J. Yoo, C. Gyure, V. Agarwal, Jack E. Singal, G. Silverman

Physics Faculty Publications

We present results of using a basic binary classification neural network model to identify likely catastrophic outlier (CO) photometric redshift estimates of individual galaxies. The classification is based on individual galaxy redshift probability distributions generated by a multiclass classifier neural network and a support vector machine. Importantly, the redshift probability distributions used as input to the binary classifier can be used for photometric redshift estimates generated by a different method. We find that a simple implementation of this classification can identify a very large fraction of galaxies with CO photometric redshift estimates while erroneously categorizing only a much smaller, in …

Kinematic Anisotropies In Pta Observations: Analytical Toolkit, Maximilian Blümke, Kai Schmitz, Tobias Schröder, Deepali Agarwal, Joseph D. Romano

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

The reported evidence for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) from pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations has motivated searches for extrinsic and intrinsic anisotropies. Kinematic anisotropies may arise as a consequence of a boosted observer moving with respect to the frame in which the GWB appears isotropic. In this work, we present an analytical toolbox to describe the effects of kinematic anisotropies on the overlap reduction function. Our analytical results differ from previous findings at the quadrupole order and are detailed in three appendices. For the first time, we also derive the corresponding auto-correlation using two approaches, taking the pulsar distances …

Charge Acceleration Without Radiation, Yakir Aharonov, D. Collins, S. Popescu

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

The existence of electromagnetic radiation—radio waves, microwaves, light, X-rays, and so on—is one of the most important physical phenomena, and our ability to manipulate them is one of the most significant technological achievement of humankind. Underlying this ability is our understanding of how radiation is produced: Whenever an electric charge is accelerated, it radiates. Or, at least, this is how it has been hitherto universally thought. Here, we prove that quantum mechanically electric charges can be accelerated without radiating. The physical setup leading to this behavior is relatively simple (once one knows what to do), but its reasons are deep: …

Long-Range Fit: A Software Package For The Representation And Study Of Long-Range Molecular Interactions, Adrian L. Batista-Planas, Ernesto Quintas-Sánchez, Richard Dawes

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Describing intermolecular forces is fundamental to modeling and predicting the behavior of molecular systems. In particular, long-range molecular interactions with electrostatic, induction, and dispersion as the main components play a critical role, especially for low-temperature and low-density regimes. Long-range interactions are often described through perturbation theory, representing the electronic charge distribution via a multipolar series of the moments and polarizability tensors corresponding to each molecule. However, while the theory is well established, obtaining the resulting analytical expressions (and their practical implementation) constitutes a highly complex and system-dependent task. To address this challenge, we developed long-range-fit (LRF), an interactive and user-friendly …

Discovery Of Horsfieldia Macrothyrsa Bioactives With Cytotoxic Effects On Breast Cancer Cells Through In Vitro And Docking Analyses, Megawati Megawati, Akhmad Darmawan, Agus Budiawan Naro Putra, Kartika Dyah Palupi, Marissa Angelina, Ahmad Randy, Siska Andrina Kusumastuti, Faris Hermawan, Sumi Hudiyono

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study investigated the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of Horsfieldia macrothyrsa leaves to identify their bioactive compounds. Methanol extracts were fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate, followed by silica gel column chromatography with a stepwise polarity gradient. From 100 g of powdered leaves, three major    compounds were successfully isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction: 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)dodecan-1-one (1), sesamin (2), and β-sitosterol (3). Their chemical structures were confirmed using UV, IR, LC–MS/MS, and NMR  spectroscopy. Biological activities of the fractions and isolates were evaluated through DPPH antioxidant assays, α-glucosidase inhibition for antidiabetic activity, MTT …

A Theoretical Investigation Of The Linear And Nonlinear Optical Responses Of Scandium- And Yttrium-Doped (Sub-Nm) Ag And Au Clusters, Munish Sharma, Mukesh Jakhar, Ravindra Pandey, Shashi P. Karna

Michigan Tech Publications

We investigate the linear and nonlinear optical properties of (sub-nm) Ag6 and Au6 clusters doped with Sc and Y using time-dependent density functional theory. Both parent clusters have D3h ground-state geometries but exhibit noticeably different electronic structures; scalar-relativistic corrections in Au6 induce significant s-d hybridization, resulting in larger HOMO-LUMO gaps and reduced one-photon absorption (OPA) cross-sections compared to Ag6. Two-photon absorption (TPA) peaks in the UV region show resonance enhancement via coupling with OPA-active states, with Ag6 having larger cross-sections than Au6. Doping with Sc and Y modifies the optical responses by breaking configurational symmetry and lifting HOMO degeneracies. ScAg5 …

Undergraduate Engagement In Neutron Scattering As A Pathway To U.S. Competitiveness And A Diverse Scientific Workforce, Hillary L. Smith

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

Engaging undergraduate students in neutron scattering experiments through beamtime trips, student internships, or class visits is a powerful driver of scientific progress in the United States. These experiences provide hands-on exposure to advanced instrumentation, mentorship from diverse scientists, and insight into large-scale research infrastructure. By contributing meaningfully to proposal development, sample preparation, data collection, and data analysis, students develop confidence, scientific identity, and a sense of belonging, particularly those from underrepresented backgrounds. Early engagement cultivates a skilled and motivated scientific workforce, strengthens the capabilities and mission of national laboratories, and ensures continued U.S. leadership in discovery and innovation.

A Solution To The Tension Of Burning On Neutron Stars And Nuclear Physics, Yuri Cavecchi, D. K. Galloway, A. Heger, P. Santillán-Ortega, M. Nava-Callejas, F. M. Vincentelli, Liliana E. Rivera Sandoval, A. Goodwin, Z. Johnston

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

When neutron stars accrete matter from a companion star, this matter forms a disk around them and eventually falls on their surface. Here, the fuel can ignite into bright flashes called Type I bursts. Theoretical calculations based on state-of-the-art nuclear reactions are able to explain many features of the bursts. However, models predict that the bursts should cease at high accretion rates, whereas in many sources they disappear at much lower rates. Moreover, their recurrence times also show strong discrepancies with predictions. Although various solutions have been proposed, none can account for all the observational constraints. Here, we describe a …

Numerical Modeling Of The Magnetic Vector Potential And The Associated Electromagnetic Momenta, John Adams, Christopher L. Duston

Physics Faculty Publications

The idea that the magnetic vector potential A is associated with stored electromagnetic momenta dates back to Maxwell himself. Here, we present numerical modeling results that illustrate the connection between A and associated linear and angular electromagnetic momenta, expanding on previous work which mostly considered examples that could be analytically solved. We first focus on a stationary point charge q interacting with the magnetic fields of a solenoid, separately calculating A(r) and the electromagnetic momentum added to the system in bringing q to r from a distant location where ⁠A ≈ 0. We then model the …

On Resolving The Neutron Lifetime Puzzle, Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

The neutron lifetime puzzle, characterized by significantly different lifetime values obtained from bottle vs beam experiments, may stem from differences in how decayed neutrons are counted. Neutron decay is a beta-decay process producing a proton, an electron, and a neutrino. In bottle experiments, the number of decayed neutrons is measured directly. In beam experiments, this number is inferred indirectly by counting the protons resulting from neutron decays. It is proposed that in beam experiments, some protons may capture electrons and form neutral hydrogen atoms, which go undetected by proton detectors. Consequently, not all neutron decay events are counted, leading to …