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Electrical-Properties Of Low-Compensation Gaas, David C. Look, P. C. Colter

Physics Faculty Publications

Recently we have reproducibly grown vapor-phase epitaxial GaAs, with less than 10% compensation, in an AsC1₃-Ga-H₂ reactor. The low-temperature electrical properties of such samples are quite interesting, with neutral-impurity scattering and screening being much more important than usual. The Hall mobility is typically above 10⁵ cm²/V sec at 5 K and has two maxima as a function of temperature, the usual one near 50 K and another near 9 K, The latter phenomenon has not been observed before, to our knowledge, The mobility and carrier concentration temperature dependences for a low-compensation sample and a …

Study Of Prenucleation Ion Clusters: Correlation Between Ion Mobility Spectra And Size Distributions, Sung-Ho Suck Salk, Donald E. Hagen, James L. Kassner

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Additional studies regarding our earlier electrothermodynamic theory are presented. Comparisons to recent expansion cloud chamber ion mobility measurements are made, indicating general agreement with observations. This theory predicts more stable and ordered structure for prenucleation ion-water cluster systems than accounted for by the classical Thomson's theory. In the limiting case of the dielectric constant ε = 1, our monopole electrostatic energy term contributed by the foreign ion center precisely converges to that of Thomson. Predicted ion cluster size distributions are found to correlate well with ion cluster size spectra obtained from the ion mobility measurements of hydrated ion clusters and …

Experiments Conducted On The Electron Beam Produced By A Dense Plasma Focus, Mark Steven Pronko

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

An experimental investigation was conducted using a 34-kJ Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) in which the possible enhancement of the electron beam was addressed. Electron beams ejected from the DPF have been observed to exceed 30 kA with pulse durations of a few nanoseconds. Enhancement was considered to be either an increase in the probability that the peak beam current exceeded some lower limit, or an increase in the mean energy of the beam electrons. The investigation was divided into two parts, each addressing one of the aspects of enhancement.

In the first part of the investigation, an axial magnetic field …

Maximum Minimum Reflectance Of Parallel-Polarized Light At Interfaces Between Transparent And Absorbing Media, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The pseudo-Brewster angle Ø_pB, of minimum reflectance R_pm for the parallel (p) polarization, of an interface between a transparent and an absorbing medium is determined by Im{(∊ - u)[1 - (1 + ∊^-1)u]²} = 0, where ∊ is the complex ratio of dielectric constants of the media and u = sin²ø_pB. It is shown that, for a given value of the normal-incidence amplitude reflectance |r|, there is an associated normal-incidence phase shift, δ = δ_mm, that leads to maximum minimum parallel reflectance, …

Dissociative Attachment In Hcl, Dcl, And F2, J. N. Bardsley, J. M. Wadehra

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Research Publications

Resonant scattering models, using nonlocal decay widths, are developed for dissociative attachment of slow electrons to diatomic molecules. Cross sections are obtained for HCl and DCl in several initial rotational and vibrational states, and the dependence of the average attachment cross section upon the rotational and vibrational temperature is examined. For F_2 the cross section for ground state molecules agrees well with experiment above 0.2 eV but shows no zero energy peak. The attachment cross section is higher for vibrationally excited molecules, but the enhancement is much less than that found in H_2 and HCl.

Second-Order Phase Transitions, Inflationary Universe, And Formation Of Galaxies, V. Parameswaran Nair

Publications and Research

At the critical point of a second-order phase transition, statistical fluctuations are correlated and enhanced in amplitude. We explore this phenomenon in the early universe as a possible mechanism for the formation of galaxies. In an inflationary universe, such dynamical effects on galactic scales are consistent with the constraints imposed by the horizon. Spontaneous breakdown of lepton number provides a model where these ideas are realized. The two-point correlation function for density fluctuations is calculated and agrees with the observed correlation for galaxies. An estimate of the density contrast is shown to be of the required magnitude.

A Study Of The 0.1-Ev Conversion Acceptor In Gaas, David C. Look, Gernot S. Pomrenke

Physics Faculty Publications

Two semi-insulating liquid-encapsulated Czochralski GaAs cyrstals, one Cr-doped and the other undoped, were annealed at 750°C for 15 min in flowing H2. Each sample converted to conducting p type in the near-surface region, due to the formation of acceptors at E_∪ + 0.1 eV. We have studied this phenomenon by electrical, optical, and analytical profiling techniques, and have determined conclusively that the acceptors in our samples are not related to Mn accumulation, a commonly accepted explanation. It is argued that the O.I-e V center may arise from several possible sources, each exhibiting a V_Ga -like state at …

Momentum-Transfer Scaling In Hydrogen-Isotope Collision Systems, Eduard P. Rille, Jerry Peacher, Thomas J. Kvale, E. Redd, D. M. Blankenship, John T. Park

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The differential cross sections for excitation of atomic hydrogen isotopes to their n=2 states by proton or deutron impact are found to follow a simple scaling relationship. The momentum-transfer-scaled differential excitation cross sections, for a projectile velocity of 1.26 a.u., produce one differential cross-section curve for all four possible hydrogen-isotope collision systems. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with our Glauber-approximation calculations.

Bicriticality In The Polymerization Of Chains And Rings, Rolfe G. Petschek

Faculty Scholarship

The equilibrium polymerization of chains and rings can be viewed as a bicritical point in a suitably augmented parameter space. The polymerization of chains in equilibrium with rings is described by the cross-over exponent, φ, for quadratic anisotropy in the O(n) vector model with n→1. While the total mass fraction of polymerized material is described by the Ising exponent α, the mass fraction of chains separately (and therefore also of rings) is described by the exponent αc=φ-1+α.

An Elementary Development Of Mass-Energy Equivalence, Daniel J. Steck, Frank Rioux

Physics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Defect Nature Of The 0.4-Ev Center In O-Doped Gaas, David C. Look, S. Chaudhuri, J. R. Sizelove

Physics Faculty Publications

We have studied the E_c - 0.4 e V center in O-doped GaAs by a combination of temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements, spark-source mass spectroscopy, and secondary-ion mass spectroscopy. The conclusion is that neither 0 nor any other impurity can account for the O.4-eV center; therefore, it is a pure defect.

Using Nuclear Resonance Excitation To Observe United Atoms In Symmetric Ion-Atom Collisions, James M. Feagin, Ladislov Kocbach

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We consider nuclear resonance excitation as a means to observe the distribution of united-atom orbitals in symmetric ion-atom collisions. We develop this possibility with the application of a two-state adiabatic model to an analysis of a ⁸Be nuclear resonance experiment. To test our model, and to provide a more direct determination of the nuclear resonance width, we propose that the ⁸Be experiment be repeated with metastable helium targets.

Structural Studies Of Low Temperature Ice Iₕ Using A Central Force Potential Model, Peter W. Deutsch, Barbara N. Hale, Richard C. Ward, Donald A. Reago Jr.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The revised central force potentials of Stillinger and Rahman [J. Chem. Phys. 68, 666 (1978)] are used to study the binding energy, structure, and multipole moments of a periodic ice I_h sample with a unit cell of 192 water molecules. The initial configuration for the unit cell has each oxygen in a wurtzite structure and intramolecular H-O-H angles symmetrically positioned in the tetrahedral O-O-O angles. Hydrogens are placed such that the total dipole moment for the unit cell is zero and the diagonal quadrupole moments are small (≲ 10^-28 esu cm²). Subject to these restrictions, a …

Transient Two Dimensional Ground-Water Flow: A Comparison Of Computed And Analytical Results, Robert Jan Fennema

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The exact analytical solution of the transient-flow equation is compared with the finite difference solution. The finite difference program, written by the author, uses an iterative alternating direction implicit procedure to solve the linearized partial differential equation. A second order accurate central difference method is employed to solve the equation in two dimensions.

Variable cell spacing to divide the physical domain, a weighting factor and a time acceleration function were used to investigate rate of convergence and accuracy of the numerical solution. The exact integral solution to the one-dimensional form of the flow equation i n radial coordinates is used …

Application Of The Method Of Lines For Solutions Of The Navier-Stokes Equations Using A Nonuniform Grid Distribution, Jamshid Samareh Abolhassani

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The feasibility of the method of lines is investigated for solutions of physical problems requiring nonuniform grid distributions. To attain this, it was also necessary to investigate the stiffness characteristics of the pertinent equations. For specific applications, the governing equations considered are those for viscous, incompressible, two-dimensional and axisymmetric flows. These equations are transform­ ed from the physical domain having a variable mesh to a computational domain with a uniform mesh. The two governing partial differential equations are the vorticity and stream function equations. The method of lines is used to solve the vorticity equation and the successive over relaxation …

Generalized Bohr-Sommerfeld Rules For Anomalies With Applications To Symmetry Breakdown And Decoupling, A. P. Balachandran, V. P. Nair, C. G. Trahern

Publications and Research

In the presence of anomalies, the requirement that a classical symmetry group G has a proper action on the fermion measure or in the effective Lagrangian description imposes Bohr-Sommerfeld conditions on the anomalies, and often implies that G is broken to a subgroup H as well. We show these results in this paper and apply them to QCD and SU(5). In particular, constraints on the QCD order parameter are derived, and an argument is presented which suggests that the breakdown of the chiral flavor symmetry and the emergence of some sort of generation structure in QCD may be natural.

Science And Society Test Viii: The Arms Race Revisited, David W. Hafemeister

Physics

Approximate numerical estimates are developed in order to quantify a variety of aspects of the arms race. The results of these calculations are consistent with either direct observations or with more sophisticated calculations. This paper will cover some of the following aspects of the arms race: (1) the electromagnetic pulse (EMP); (2) spy satellites; (3) ICBM accuracy; (4) NAVSTAR global positioning satellites; (5) particle and laser beam weapons; (6) the neutron bomb; and (7) war games.

Exciton Trapping And Sensitized Luminescence: A Generalized Theory For All Trap Concentrations, Vasudev M. Kenkre, Paul Ernest Parris

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The generalized-master-equation theory of sensitized luminescence in molecular crystals is extended to cover arbitrary guest concentrations by making use of a recently introduced formalism. Central to the formalism is a quantity termed the ν function, which is an ensemble average of the sum of host propagators over guest-influenced host sites. A variety of experimentally relevant sensitized luminescence observables, such as the host (and guest) luminescence intensity, the quantum yields, and the energy-transfer rates are simply related to the ν function. It is shown how the latter can be calculated for exciton motion possessing an arbitrary degree of coherence, dimensionality, and …

Soliton States In The Quantum-Chromodynamic Effective Lagrangian, A. P. Balachandran, V. Parameswaran Nair, S. G. Rajeev, A. Stern

Publications and Research

The work of Skyrme has shown that the SU(2)×SU(2) chiral model has nontrivial topological sectors which admit solitons for generic chiral Lagrangians. In this paper, we study such models in the presence of baryon fields. The baryon number and strangeness of the solitons, and the bound states of the nucleon to the soliton are investigated. It is found that long-lived levels with large baryon number B and strangeness (≳6 in magnitude) and masses somewhere in the range 1.8 to 5.6 GeV must exist. Some of these levels have half-integral electric charge and exotic relation between B and spin s (e.g., …

Homogeneous Nucleation Rate Measurements For Water Over A Wide Range Of Temperature And Nucleation Rate, Ronald C. Miller, Robert J. Anderson, James L. Kassner, Donald E. Hagen

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

An expansion cloud chamber was used to measure the homogeneous nucleation rate for water over a wide range of temperature from 230-290 K and nucleation rates of 1-10⁶ drops cm^-3 s^-1. The comprehensive and extensive nature of this data allows a much more detailed comparison between theory and experiment than has previously been possible. The expansion chamber technique employs continuous pressure measurement and an adiabatic pulse of supersaturation to give the time history of supersaturation and temperature during the nucleation. The resulting drop concentration is determined using photographic techniques. The experimental observations are presented in tabular …

Quality Factor For Low Doses Of High-Let Radiations, Werner Hofmann, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP77) and the International Commision on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU70) have recommended that the evaluation of radiation hazards be based on the “dose equivalent” defined as the product of the absorbed dose and some modifying factors, the most important of which is the quality factor (Q). The quality factor is intended to allow for the effect on the resulting detriment of the microscopic distribution of the absorbed energy. It is therefore defined as a function of the collision stopping power (L_∞) in water at the point of interest. Thus Q rises …

Interpretation Of Anomalies In The Raman Spectrum Of K2Seo4 In Terms Of Oxygen Sublattice Disorder, Nestor Massa, Frank Ullman, John R. Hardy

John R. Hardy Papers

Raman scattering from K₂SeO₄ crystals has been studied in the (20-800)-K temperature range. Three portions of the spectrum are discussed: defect-induced scattering, primarily below 100 cm^-1, the external mode spectrum below 200 cm^-1, and the internal mode spectra in two regions, 300-500 and 800-950 cm^-1. The temperature dependence of the low-frequency, defect-induced scattering has been correlated (in previous studies) with the temperature dependence of certain nonzero-wave-vector phonons that have been observed by others using inelastic neutron scattering. Close to the incommensurate transition temperature, T_i= 129 K, a large enhancement …

Reflections In A Polished Tube, Laurence A. Marschall, Emma Beth Marschall

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

When one of us (E.B.M.) dislodged a metal tube from an electric door chime recently, she inadvertently introduced her father to an attractive and instructive optical phenomenon. Looking down the highly polished inner surface of the cylinder we could see a spot surrounded by a series of bright concentric rings. The pattern looked much like the display of fringes produced by a Fabry-Perot or Michelson interferometer, except that the rings were more evenly spaced instead of crowding together strongly near the edge of the field of view. [excerpt]

Single-Reflection Film—Substrate Half-Wave Retarders With Nearly Stationary Reflection Properties Over A Wide Range Of Incidence Angles, R. M.A. Azzam, M. Emdadur Rahman Khan

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The complex reflection coefficient for the p polarization of a transparent film on an absorbing or transparent substrate can be made equal to the negative of that for the s polarization, and hence the film—substrate system acts as a half-wave retarder (HWR), by proper selection of film refractive index N₁, film thickness d, and angle of incidence Φ. This condition, which generally holds only at normal incidence, becomes possible at oblique incidence also if N₁ is within a certain range, 1 < N₁ < N̂₁ . For a given substrate and given N₁, …

Track Formation In Plastics, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

It is proposed that the “threshold for etchable track formation” in plastics is associated with the linear density of activated polymeric clusters along the path of an ion, in the “grain-count regime.” Existing data for CR-39 reveal a change in etching rate in the neighborhood of z/β having the value of about 15-20. We infer that this defines the transition from the grain count regime to the track width regime, as the activation cross-section exceeds the cross-sectional area of the cluster. This interpretation is consistent with available data for the G value for polymer scission and the dose of gamma-rays …

Complex Reflection Coefficients For The Parallel And Perpendicular Polarizations Of A Film-Substrate System, R. M.A. Azzam, M. Emdadur Rahman Khan

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The complex reflection coefficients R_v(ø,ζ) of a film-substrate system for the parallel (v = p) and perpendicular (v = s) polarizations are examined in detail as functions of the angle of incidence ø(0 ≤ ø ≤ 90°) and the reduced normalized film thickness ζ(0 ≤ ζ < 1). For definiteness, the reflection of light of wavelength λ = 0.6328 µm by the air–SiO₂–Si system is assumed. Families of circles that represent the constant-angle-of-incidence contours, their envelopes, and the associated constant-thickness contours ofR_p and R_s are all presented in the complex plane. Furthermore, the amplitude-reflectance and phase-shift functions, |R_v|(ø,ζ) and argR_v(ø,ζ) …

Theory Of Josephson-Type Oscillations In A Moving Charge-Density Wave - Errata, S. E. Barnes, A. Zawadowski

Physics Articles and Papers

Errata to Original Article: S. E. Barnes and A. Zawadowski, Theory of Josephson-Type Oscillations in a Moving Charge-Density Wave, Physical Review Letters, 51, 1499 (1983).

Theory Of Josephson-Type Oscillations In A Moving Charge-Density Wave, S. E. Barnes, A. Zawadowski

Physics Articles and Papers

A theory of Josephson-type phenomena is presented, in which the two macroscopic quantum states are the two components of an incommensurate charge-density wave with opposite wave vectors. The Fermi levels of these two states are split for a moving charge-density wave and impurity scattering induces quantum oscillations. Such oscillations may be responsible for the observed narrow-band noise in materials such as NbSe₃ and TaS₃.

Non-Mean-Field Interpretation Of The Irreversibility Line In Spin-Glasses, A. P. Malozemoff, S. E. Barnes, B. Barbara

Physics Articles and Papers

Susceptibility data on an amorphous GdAl spin-glass show an irreversibility onset line t=-A_-H^2/φ_- and a susceptibility crossover line t=+A₊H^2/φ₊ (t is reduced temperature; H is field). The exponents φ are both close to 3, and the amplitudes A differ only by a factor of 2. In contrast to earlier explanations of the irreversibility in terms of a de Almeida-Thouless mean-field instability, here both crossovers are explained in terms of a non-mean-field scaling theory.

Magnetic Resonance In The Spin-Glass (Lagd)Al2, M. Zomack, K. Baberschke, S. E. Barnes

Physics Articles and Papers

ESR has been measured in the spin-glass (La_1-xGd_x)Al₂, 1≤x≤15 at.% for 1, 3, 9, and 35 GHz, corresponding to different applied magnetic fields and in the temperature range of 100 mK to 30 K. The comparison of data for different frequencies shows that the linewidth depends very much on the frequency and/or field and therefore the temperature T_min of the linewidth minimum is not an intrinsic parameter and the shift of the resonance position is almost independent of frequency. The former effect is analyzed and theoretically explained in terms of the temperature dependence …