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On-Line Process Fiber Optic Refractometer For Measuring Edible Oil Hydrogenation, Charles F. Cole, Robert A. Sims, Alois (Al) J. Adams Jan 1990

On-Line Process Fiber Optic Refractometer For Measuring Edible Oil Hydrogenation, Charles F. Cole, Robert A. Sims, Alois (Al) J. Adams

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The process of edible oil partial hydrogenation has improved steadily over the past decades, but few on-line process instruments exist capable of measuring the extent of hydrogenation. This work describes the design of a prototype, on-line fiber optic refractometer for controlling and monitoring of oils. It uses an established correlation between the degree of hydrogenation of an edible oil and its refractive index (Rl). The refractometer cell uses a bare optical fiber in direct contact with processing oil. Equations are given describing the power transmission characteristics of an optical fiber as a function of its cladding Rl. Comparisons between calculated …

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Winds In The Upper Mesosphere At Mid-Latitude: First Results Using An Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer, D Rees, A Aruliah, T J. Fuller-Rowell, Vincent B. Wickwar, R J. Sica Jan 1990

Winds In The Upper Mesosphere At Mid-Latitude: First Results Using An Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer, D Rees, A Aruliah, T J. Fuller-Rowell, Vincent B. Wickwar, R J. Sica

All Physics Faculty Publications

The first stage of a new midlatitude facility at the Hardware Ranch Observatory near Bear Lake (41.93°N, 111.42°W, 1970 M elevation), for studies of the aeronomy of the middle and upper atmosphere, was completed during early September 1989. An Imaging Fabry‐Perot interferometer (IFPI) (Rees et al., 1982; Rees et al., 1990), was commissioned with a special Imaging Photon Detector (IPD) (McWhirter et al., 1982), equipped with a Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) photocathode. Wind and temperature structure can be deduced from observations of the Doppler shift and Doppler broadening of airglow and auroral emissions from the mesosphere and thermosphere. The near infra‐red …

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Molecular View Of The Interfacial Adhesion In Aluminum‐Silicon Carbide Metal‐Matrix Composites, B. K. Rao, Puru Jena Jan 1990

Molecular View Of The Interfacial Adhesion In Aluminum‐Silicon Carbide Metal‐Matrix Composites, B. K. Rao, Puru Jena

Physics Publications

The binding energies, electron charge transfer,bond lengths, and core level shifts of Al‐Al, Al‐Si, Al‐C, and Si‐C dimers have been calculated self‐consistently using the linear combination of atomic orbitals‐molecular orbital theory. The exchange interactions are treated using the unrestricted Hartree–Fock theory and correlation corrections are included through the Möller–Plesset perturbation scheme up to fourth order. The results are used to understand the nature and strength of bonding at the interface of Al and SiC crystals. The strong bonding of Al‐C dimers compared to Al‐Al and Al‐Si is shown to be responsible for the aluminumcarbide formation at the interface. The charge …

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Effect Of Size And Dimensionality On The Magnetic Moment Of Transition Metals, Feng Liu, S. N. Khanna, P. Jena Jan 1990

Effect Of Size And Dimensionality On The Magnetic Moment Of Transition Metals, Feng Liu, S. N. Khanna, P. Jena

Physics Publications

The effect of size and dimensionality on the magnetic moments of Fe, Co, and Ni have been studied theoretically by confining the atoms to various structural forms such as chains, surfaces, and thin films. The size of these systems is controlled by limiting the number of atoms. A new first‐principles theory is developed that enables us to study the electron spin density of states and moments of atoms in clusters containing two to a few thousand atoms. The theory is based upon the elementary principles governing the tight binding and linear combination of atomic orbitals formulations. It contains no adjustable …

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Path Integral Study Of The Correlated Electronic States Of Na4–Na6, Randall W. Hall Jan 1990

Path Integral Study Of The Correlated Electronic States Of Na4–Na6, Randall W. Hall

Collected Faculty Scholarship

Feynman’s path integral formulation of quantum mechanics is used to study the correlated electronic states of Na4–Na6. Two types of simulations are performed: in the first, the nuclei are allowed to move at finite temperature in order to find the most stable geometries. In agreement with previous calculations, we find that planar structures are the most stable and that there is significant vibrational amplitude at finite temperatures, indicating that the Born–Oppenheimer surface is relatively flat. In the second type of simulation, the nuclei are held fixed at symmetric and asymmetric geometries and the correlated electron density is found. Our results …

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Perturbations Of Gravitational Instantons, Charles G. Torre Jan 1990

Perturbations Of Gravitational Instantons, Charles G. Torre

All Physics Faculty Publications

Ashtekar's spinorial formulation of general relativity is used to study perturbations of gravitational instantons corresponding to finite-action solutions of the Euclidean Einstein equations (with a nonzero cosmological constant) possessing an anti-self-dual Weyl curvature tensor. It is shown that, with an appropriate "on-shell" form of infinitesimal gauge transformations, the space of solutions to the linearized instanton equation can be described in terms of an elliptic complex; the cohomology of the complex defines gauge-inequivalent perturbations. Using this elliptic complex we prove that there are no nontrivial solutions to the linearized instanton equation on conformally anti-self-dual Einstein spaces with a positive cosmological constant. …

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The Longitude Dependence Of The Dayside F Region Trough: A Detailed Model-Observation Comparison, Jan Josef Sojka, Robert W. Schunk, J. A. Whalen Jan 1990

The Longitude Dependence Of The Dayside F Region Trough: A Detailed Model-Observation Comparison, Jan Josef Sojka, Robert W. Schunk, J. A. Whalen

All Physics Faculty Publications

The nighttime main F region trough extends into the sunlit afternoon sector. This trough feature exhibits both a strong magnetic activity dependence and a longitude (UT) dependence. Whalen (1987), using International Geophysical Year (IGY) ionosonde data, showed that both of these effects are readily extracted from ƒoF2 observations. In this study we show that the longitude effect is the same as that contained in the Utah State University time-dependent ionospheric model. It arises from the offset of the geomagnetic axis from the geographic axis. The magnetic activity dependency is associated with the westward convection in the afternoon …

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Differential, Partial Cross Sections For Electron Excitation Of The Sodium 3p State, Xianming Han, G. W. Schwinn, A. Gallagher Jan 1990

Differential, Partial Cross Sections For Electron Excitation Of The Sodium 3p State, Xianming Han, G. W. Schwinn, A. Gallagher

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Using a powerful laser-based experimental method, the cross section for electron excitation of Na(3S) atoms to the Na(3P) state has been decomposed into partial components with respect to changes in the spin and angular momentum of the atomic electron, and these partial cross sections are further reduced to their differential character with respect to the electron scattering angle. Partial, differential cross sections are reported for electron collision energies from threshold 2.1 to 3.6 eV, and compared to available calculations.

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On The Linearization Stability Of The Conformally (Anti-) Self-Dual Einstein Equations, Charles G. Torre Jan 1990

On The Linearization Stability Of The Conformally (Anti-) Self-Dual Einstein Equations, Charles G. Torre

All Physics Faculty Publications

The Einstein equations with a cosmological constant, when restricted to Euclidean space‐times with anti‐self‐dual Weyl tensor, can be replaced by a quadratic condition on the curvature of an SU(2) (spin) connection. As has been shown elsewhere, when the cosmological constant is positive and the space‐time is compact, the moduli space of gauge‐inequivalent solutions to this equation is discrete, i.e., zero dimensional; when the cosmological constant is negative, the dimension of the moduli space is essentially controlled by the Atiyah–Singer index theorem provided the field equations are linearization stable. It is shown that linearization instability occurs whenever the unperturbed geometry possesses …

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Theoretical Intensity-Dependent Response Of Nonlinear Periodic Structures, Paul A. Gohman, Gust Bambakidis, Robert J. Spry Jan 1990

Theoretical Intensity-Dependent Response Of Nonlinear Periodic Structures, Paul A. Gohman, Gust Bambakidis, Robert J. Spry

Physics Faculty Publications

We have modeled the response of a nonlinear periodic structure by means of the Abelés 2×2 matrix method. Our structure differs from the usual rejection‐band filter designs, in that we have chosen the filter elements to be index matched in the absence of radiation, providing a rejection band that both grows and shifts as a function of incident intensity. The intensity output function of the model not only directly demonstrates optical bistability, but also limiting, switching, self‐pulsing, and chaos.

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Transition Probabilities And Franck-Condon Factors For The Second Negative Band System Of O2+, Jane L. Fox, Alexander Dalgarno Jan 1990

Transition Probabilities And Franck-Condon Factors For The Second Negative Band System Of O2+, Jane L. Fox, Alexander Dalgarno

Physics Faculty Publications

Transition probabilities for the second negative band system of O2+ are computed using the dipole transition moment presented by Wetmore et al. [1984]. Vibrational levels υ″ = 0 − 54 of the X²Πg ground state and υ′ = 0 − 33 of the excited A²Πu state are included. Franck-Condon factors for ionization-excitation of O2 (X³Σg−; υ = 0 − 25) to O2+(A²Πu;υ′ = 0 − 33) are also presented.

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A Signature Of Auroral Precipitation In The Nightside Ionosphere Of Venus, Jane L. Fox, H. A. Taylor Jr. Jan 1990

A Signature Of Auroral Precipitation In The Nightside Ionosphere Of Venus, Jane L. Fox, H. A. Taylor Jr.

Physics Faculty Publications

We show here that the densities of mass-28 ions measured by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter ion mass spectrometer (OIMS) on the nightside of Venus are highly variable and show little correlation with the values of the O+ densities. We have determined the total production rates of mass-28 ions in the chemical equilibrium region and find that this production rate cannot be explained by known chemical production reactions. We propose that the “excess” production is due to precipitation of electrons into the nightside thermosphere.

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Rotational Symmetries Of Nuclear States: Spin Determinations In Advanced Laboratory, Wilfred J. Braithwaite Jan 1990

Rotational Symmetries Of Nuclear States: Spin Determinations In Advanced Laboratory, Wilfred J. Braithwaite

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

An advanced laboratory experiment is described which shows the connection between the rotational symmetries of nuclear states and the assignments of spins to discrete nuclear states. Standard angular correlation methods were used to study the two sequential gamma ray transitions in each ⁶⁰Ni nucleus, populated by unobserved beta decays from a weak radioactive ⁶⁰Co source. The chosen electronics and detectors were inexpensive and easy to operate. This experiment was extended to introduce students to real-world data acquisition, using finite-geometry detectors, which resulted in enormously larger coincident data rates.

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Review Of Hall Effect And Magnetoresistance Measurements In Gaas Materials And Devices, David C. Look Jan 1990

Review Of Hall Effect And Magnetoresistance Measurements In Gaas Materials And Devices, David C. Look

Physics Faculty Publications

The use of magnetic fields in the electrical characterization of semiconductor materials is familiar to everyone in the form of Hall‐effect measurements. However, there is another magnetic‐field‐based phenomenon, magnetoresistance (MR), which is highly useful but not nearly so familiar to the majority of workers. One of the unique features of MR measurements is their applicability to common device structures, in particular, field‐effect transistors (FETs) and contact‐resistance patterns. We will show how channel mobility information can be extracted from the MR data in metal‐semiconductor FETs (MESFETs) and modulation‐doped heterostructure FETs (MODFETs), and also how the material under ohmic contacts can be …

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Self-Consistent Effective Binary Diffusion In Multicomponent Gas Mixtures, John D. Ramshaw Jan 1990

Self-Consistent Effective Binary Diffusion In Multicomponent Gas Mixtures, John D. Ramshaw

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The correct treatment of diffusion in multicomponent gas mixtures requires solution of a linear system of equations for the diffusive mass fluxes relative to the mass-averaged velocity of the mixture. Effective binary diffusion approximations are often used to avoid solving this system. These approximations are generally internally inconsistent in the sense that the approximate diffusion fluxes do not properly sum to zero. The origin of this inconsistency is identified, and a general procedure for removing it is presented. This procedure applies equally to concentration, forced, pressure, and thermal diffusion, either separately or in combination. It is used to obtain a …

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Physical Properties Of Coarse Aerosol Particles And Haze Elements In Polluted Urban-Marine Environment, Josef Podzimek Jan 1990

Physical Properties Of Coarse Aerosol Particles And Haze Elements In Polluted Urban-Marine Environment, Josef Podzimek

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Measurements of coarse particles (with r ≥ 1.0 μm) with the aid of a cascade impactor and of particle (droplet) identification in sensitized gelatine layers reveal their mean concentration of about 1.5 cm-3 during the months of May and June 20 km west from Napoli in Italy. Haze particles (droplets) are usually featured by insoluble core and many small particles deposited on their surface. Sea salt aerosol does not play a dominant role in the haze element formation at this site of measurement. © 1990.

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Mirrorless Optical Bistability In A Nonlinear Absorbing Dielectric Film, Kevin L. Stokes, Ashok Puri Jan 1990

Mirrorless Optical Bistability In A Nonlinear Absorbing Dielectric Film, Kevin L. Stokes, Ashok Puri

Physics Faculty Publications

The optical transmissivity of a mirrorless, nonlinear, absorbing dielectric thin film is investigated numerically. The dielectric function in the film region is dependent on the intensity of the electromagnetic field. Multivalued solutions of transmissivity as a function of incident power are calculated for the steady-state wave equation. The numerical solution is applied to two different model dielectric functions. As the absorption parameter is increased, larger values of incident intensity are required to switch the systems between stable output states. Also, the peak values of transmissivity are reduced as the absorption is increased.

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In Situ Hall-Effect System For Real-Time Electron-Irradiation Studies, B. S. Ziebro, David C. Look, Joseph W. Hemsky, J. Rice Jan 1990

In Situ Hall-Effect System For Real-Time Electron-Irradiation Studies, B. S. Ziebro, David C. Look, Joseph W. Hemsky, J. Rice

Physics Faculty Publications

A unique system capable of taking in situ Hall‐effect measurements during electron irradiation has been developed. The key element is a small, powerful rare‐earth magnet. Measurements can be taken while the electron beam is on, resulting in a considerable time savings and eliminating problems associated with mounting and demounting the sample. High resolution electron concentration and mobility versus fluence data are quickly and easily obtained, making possible detailed defect production rate studies as functions of energy and flux.

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Characterization Of Metal/Carbon Multilayers By Raman Spectroscopy, David D. Allred, Qi Wang, Jesus González-Hernández Jan 1990

Characterization Of Metal/Carbon Multilayers By Raman Spectroscopy, David D. Allred, Qi Wang, Jesus González-Hernández

Faculty Publications

Laser Raman spectroscopy has been found to be useful for characterizing amorphous semiconductor multilayers, especially the interfaces of multilayers. Recently, we have extended this technique to the characterization of magnetron sputtered multilayers commonly used as reflectors in soft x-ray optics. Unlike the multilayers previously studied which contained only semiconductors and dielectrics, these are generally semiconductor/metal multilayers. We report here on the Raman characterization of the most common class of multilayers used in soft x-ray optics, those that contain a high density metal like tungsten interspersed with layers of carbon. In all of the metal/carbon multilayers the dominate feature in the …

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Design Of High Performance Soft X-Ray Windows, Raymond T. Perkins, David D. Allred, Larry V. Knight, James M. Thorne Jan 1990

Design Of High Performance Soft X-Ray Windows, Raymond T. Perkins, David D. Allred, Larry V. Knight, James M. Thorne

Faculty Publications

X-ray windows are used in sources and detectors to separate the neighborhood of the x-ray generation or detection from the use environment. While each use has its own requirements, there are some principles that should be used in designing an optimal x-ray window. Because x-rays are absorbed to some extent by all materials, minimizing absorption is one criterion in preparing windows. Also, for most uses there is a pressure difference across the window so that ensuring pinhole-free structure and sufficient mechanical strength to support the differential is another criterion for window design. Traditionally, absorption is minimized by fabricating the window …

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Enhanced Polarization Of Electron Spins In He4 By Simultaneous Optical Pumping With Circularly And Linearly Polarized Resonance Radiation, Laird D. Schearer, Padetha Tin Jan 1990

Enhanced Polarization Of Electron Spins In He4 By Simultaneous Optical Pumping With Circularly And Linearly Polarized Resonance Radiation, Laird D. Schearer, Padetha Tin

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The polarization of helium (23S1) metastable atoms saturates at 50% when the ensemble is optically pumped with the D0 (23S1-23P0) transition. We have obtained polarizations approaching 100% with a simple, straightforward modification to the conventional experimental arrangement. The addition of a small amount of -polarized D0 light incident on the cell perpendicular to the defining field direction doubles the polarization produced by circularly polarized + light along the field direction. A simple rate-equation model illustrates the enhancement. © 1990 The American Physical Society.

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Rotational Effects In The Continuous Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fluorescence Spectrum Of H2 Associated With Spontaneous Dissociation, H. Schmoranzer, T. Noll, E. Roueff, H. Abgrall, Ronald James Bieniek Jan 1990

Rotational Effects In The Continuous Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fluorescence Spectrum Of H2 Associated With Spontaneous Dissociation, H. Schmoranzer, T. Noll, E. Roueff, H. Abgrall, Ronald James Bieniek

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effects of rotational-vibrational interaction, and of rotational coupling between the B 2p u+1 and C 2p u1 electronic states, on the B X fluorescence continuum of H2 associated with spontaneous dissociation were investigated spectroscopically using monochromatized synchrotron radiation for selective excitation of rovibronic states. The rotational shifts and perturbations in the modulated continua intensities observed agree well with close-coupling and Jeffreys-Wentzel-Kromers-Brillouin (JWKB) calculations also performed and are explained in terms of nonadiabatic coupling effects and rainbow-interference structures. A straightforward experimental technique is described to detect mixed electronic states. © 1990 The American Physical Society.

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A Theoretical And Experimental Study Of The Three-Ring Electrostatic Electron Lens, Thomas Anthony Sommer Jan 1990

A Theoretical And Experimental Study Of The Three-Ring Electrostatic Electron Lens, Thomas Anthony Sommer

Dissertations and Theses

A theoretical and experimental study of the three-ring electrostatic lens is presented. The lens consists of three isolated ring-shaped conductors, equally spaced along a common axis of symmetry. When appropriate potentials are applied to the conductors an electric field is produced near the axis which is capable of focusing a collimated beam of electrons. In the theoretical study the charge density method is used to find a closed-form solution for the field. This method approximates the field by replacing each ring with an infinitely thin hoop of uniform charge. The radial and axial equations of motion are then solved numerically, …

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Influence Of Copper Doping On The Performance Of Optically Controlled Gaas Switches, St. T. Ko, V. K. Lakdawala, K. H. Schoenbach, M. S. Mazzola Jan 1990

Influence Of Copper Doping On The Performance Of Optically Controlled Gaas Switches, St. T. Ko, V. K. Lakdawala, K. H. Schoenbach, M. S. Mazzola

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The influence of the copper concentration in silicon-doped gallium arsenide on the photoionization and photoquenching of charge carriers was studied both experimentally and theoretically. The studies indicate that the compensation ratio (NCu/NSi) is an important parameter for the GaAs:Si:Cu switch systems with regard to the turn-on and turn-off performance. The optimum copper concentration for the use of GaAs:Si:Cu as an optically controlled closing and opening switch is determined.

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Application Of The Results Of Carbon Pellet Modeling To The Problem Of Plasma Penetration, L. L. Vahala, A. G. El Cashlan, G. A. Gerdin, P. B. Parks Jan 1990

Application Of The Results Of Carbon Pellet Modeling To The Problem Of Plasma Penetration, L. L. Vahala, A. G. El Cashlan, G. A. Gerdin, P. B. Parks

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The assumptions of the evaporation model for low-Z pellets interacting with magnetic fusion plasmas developed by Parks are tested. These assumptions are that the vapor density profile in the region adjacent to the pellet surface falls off with radial distance as r-α , where 5 <α<6, and that the ionization time for the transition between charge states זf (i.e., for r < ~3 sonic radii). The first assumption is tested by solving a two-parameter eigenvalue problem for the evaporation cloud in the region interior to the sonic radius; the results are found to be consistent with the low-Z evaporation model. The second assumption, that זzi «זf, is tested at the sonic radius using the results from atomic physics and the low-Z evaporation model. It is found that indeed זzi «זf for plasmas with parameters close to thermonuclear conditions (e.g. CIT), but not for those of smaller Tokamaks such as …

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University Based Multidisciplinary Organizations - Promises And Challenges, Robert L. Cook, Richard D. Benton, Robert A. Green Jan 1990

University Based Multidisciplinary Organizations - Promises And Challenges, Robert L. Cook, Richard D. Benton, Robert A. Green

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory (DIAL) at Mississippi State University is a multidisciplinary research organization engaged in developing and applying advanced computer-controlled, optical and laser-based diagnostic instrumentation systems for the characterization of high temperature gas streams. Part of the mission of DIAL is the on-site application of the diagnostic systems to large-scale facilities. The laboratory has approximately 40 professional and support personnel. Twelve faculty members are associated with the laboratory and, because of the multidisciplinary nature of the research program, their disciplines cross college as well as departmental boundaries. This provides for unique graduate research opportunities. Moreover, the laboratory …

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Principles And Clinical Applications Of Magnetic Resonance, Rao P. Gullapalli, Teresa T. Evans, Roger M. Hawk Jan 1990

Principles And Clinical Applications Of Magnetic Resonance, Rao P. Gullapalli, Teresa T. Evans, Roger M. Hawk

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A review is presented which covers the basic theory of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with regard to angular momentum, magnetic moments, and the classical mechanical description of the NMR experiment. Longitudinal (T,) and Transverse (T2) relaxation times are defined as well as the basic pulse sequences used for their measurement. In particular, the 180°-t-90° and the Hahn Spin Echo pulse sequences are described in detail. Basic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) theory is discussed with regard to slice selection, frequency encoding, and phase encoding to define the imaged volume element. The equations defining the amount of Tt , T2 , and …

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Status Of The Accelerator Project At Uca, Jack Gaiser, Harold L. Pray Jan 1990

Status Of The Accelerator Project At Uca, Jack Gaiser, Harold L. Pray

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Specific-Heat Study Of The Anomalous Quantum Limit Of (Tmtsf)2clo4, Nathanael A. Fortune, J. S. Brooks, M. J. Graf, G. Montambaux, L. Y. Chiang, Jos A.A.J. Perenboom, D. Althof Jan 1990

Specific-Heat Study Of The Anomalous Quantum Limit Of (Tmtsf)2clo4, Nathanael A. Fortune, J. S. Brooks, M. J. Graf, G. Montambaux, L. Y. Chiang, Jos A.A.J. Perenboom, D. Althof

Physics: Faculty Publications

We report calorimetric measurements of the organic conductor (TMTSF)2ClO4 in the quantum limit. In addition to the field-induced spin-density-wave (FISDW) phases, we have measured the magnetic-field-dependent specific heat associated with the recently discovered reentrant phase. In terms of a semiempirical model, we find that the reentrant transition is second order, but that the electronic density of states is greatly reduced in the reentrant phase. We also observe a specific-heat signal corresponding to the anomalous fast oscillations which are known to coexist with the FISDW phases.

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Enhanced Radiative Auger Emission From Lithiumlike S13+16, E. M. Bernstein, M. W. Clark, C. S. Oglesby, J. A. Tanis, W. G. Graham, Robert H. Mcfarland, T. J. Morgan, B. M. Johnson, K. W. Jones Jan 1990

Enhanced Radiative Auger Emission From Lithiumlike S13+16, E. M. Bernstein, M. W. Clark, C. S. Oglesby, J. A. Tanis, W. G. Graham, Robert H. Mcfarland, T. J. Morgan, B. M. Johnson, K. W. Jones

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The radiative Auger emission (RAE) from 0.946.25-MeV/u 16S13+ (lithiumlike) projectiles excited in collisions with He target atoms has been measured. For these highly stripped ions the intensity of RAE photons relative to K x-ray emission is enhanced by about a factor of five compared with theoretical calculations and an earlier experimental measurement for S ions with few electron vacancies. The enhancement of RAE for S13+ is qualitatively similar to results reported previously for lithiumlike 23V20+; however, some differences between S and V are evident. © 1990 The American Physical Society.

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