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Investigation Of Resonant Photoemission In Gd With X-Ray Linear Dichroism, Shubhra R. Mishra, Thomas K. Cummins, George Daniel Waddill, W. J. Gammon, Gerrit V. Van Der Laan, Kyle W. Goodman, James G. Tobin Jul 1999

Investigation Of Resonant Photoemission In Gd With X-Ray Linear Dichroism, Shubhra R. Mishra, Thomas K. Cummins, George Daniel Waddill, W. J. Gammon, Gerrit V. Van Der Laan, Kyle W. Goodman, James G. Tobin

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The constructive summing of direct and indirect channels above the absorption threshold of a core level can cause a massive increase in the emission cross section, leading to a phenomenon called "resonant photoemission." Using novel magnetic linear dichroism in angular distribution photoelectron spectroscopy experiments and theoretical simulations, we have probed the nature of the resonant photoemission process in Gd metal. It now appears that temporal matching as well as energy matching is a requirement for true resonant photoemission.


Unoccupied Band Structure Of Strained Gadolinium, Takashi Komesu, C. Waldfried, Peter A. Dowben Jul 1999

Unoccupied Band Structure Of Strained Gadolinium, Takashi Komesu, C. Waldfried, Peter A. Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

From spin-polarized inverse photoemission, the experimental spin-resolved unoccupied band structure of gadolinium on Mo(112) has been constructed. The spin-dependent unoccupied electronic structure near the Fermi level is dominated by shallow dispersion of a spin-minority band. A spin-majority and -minority bulk-band pair also exhibits some dispersion across the Brillouin zone.


Unoccupied Band Structure Of Strained Gadolinium, Takashi Komesu, C. Waldfried, Peter A. Dowben Jul 1999

Unoccupied Band Structure Of Strained Gadolinium, Takashi Komesu, C. Waldfried, Peter A. Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

From spin-polarized inverse photoemission, the experimental spin-resolved unoccupied band structure of gadolinium on Mo(112) has been constructed. The spin-dependent unoccupied electronic structure near the Fermi level is dominated by shallow dispersion of a spin-minority band. A spin-majority and -minority bulk-band pair also exhibits some dispersion across the Brillouin zone.


Structure And Hysteresis Of Patterned Soft-Magnetic Structure, C. N. Borca, Ralph Skomski, Peter A. Dowben Jul 1999

Structure And Hysteresis Of Patterned Soft-Magnetic Structure, C. N. Borca, Ralph Skomski, Peter A. Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

We have analyzed the magnetism of Ni features deposited on nonmagnetic substrates using a novel method: laser assisted chemical vapor deposition. Both coercivity and loop shape are determined on a scale of order 1 mm, which is much smaller than the lateral size of the features. The magnetization curves are fitted to a simple substructure morphology model, although there is secondary dependence of the coercivity on the shape of the structures.


Synthesis And Characterization Of Isoregic Chiral Smectic Polyesters, Rolfe G. Petschek Jun 1999

Synthesis And Characterization Of Isoregic Chiral Smectic Polyesters, Rolfe G. Petschek

Faculty Scholarship

We prepared a series of isoregic chiral smectic polyesters based on (R)−(−)-4‘-{ω-[2-(p-hydroxy-o-nitrophenyloxy)-1-propoxy]-1-alkyloxy}-4-biphenylcarboxylic acid. The head-to-tail (p-hydroxybenzoic acid) type monomers enable us to proceed the isoregically controlled polycondensation. All the monomers exhibited the chiral smectic C and nematic mesophases. The isoregic chiral smectic polyesters have good thermal stability and exhibit monolayered chiral smectic C and smectic A structures.


The Conformal Mode In 2d Simplicial Gravity, Simon Catterall, Emil Mottola Jun 1999

The Conformal Mode In 2d Simplicial Gravity, Simon Catterall, Emil Mottola

Physics - All Scholarship

We verify that summing 2D DT geometries correctly reproduces the Polyakov action for the conformal mode, including all ghost contributions, at large volumes. The Gaussian action is reproduced even for c=10, well into the branched polymer phase, which confirms the expectation that the DT measure is indeed correct in this regime as well.


Dc Field-Induced, Phase And Polarization Control Of Interference Between One- And Two-Photon Ionization Amplitudes, N. L. Manakov, V.D. Osiannikov, Anthony F. Starace Jun 1999

Dc Field-Induced, Phase And Polarization Control Of Interference Between One- And Two-Photon Ionization Amplitudes, N. L. Manakov, V.D. Osiannikov, Anthony F. Starace

Anthony F. Starace Publications

We demonstrate that a weak, static electric field enables nearly complete coherent phase control of the total ionization yield in a two-color ionization process using fundamental and second-harmonic radiation. The static electric field induces a dipole-forbidden resonance in the two-photon transition amplitude so that the final photoelectron states are identical to those in a single photon transition. We demonstrate also a phase controllable circular dichroism effect in the total photoelectron yield. Experimental realization of this process using alkali metal atoms is discussed.


The Feasibility Of Data Whitening To Improve Performance Of Weather Radar, A. C. Koivunen, Alexander Kostinski Jun 1999

The Feasibility Of Data Whitening To Improve Performance Of Weather Radar, A. C. Koivunen, Alexander Kostinski

Department of Physics Publications

The problem of efficient processing of correlated weather radar echoes off precipitation is considered. An approach based on signal whitening was recently proposed that has the potential to significantly improve power estimation at a fixed pulse repetition rate/scan rate, or to allow higher scan rates at a given level of accuracy. However, the previous work has been mostly theoretical and subject to the following restrictions: 1) the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the process must be known precisely and 2) infinite signal-to-noise ratio is assumed. Here a computational feasibility study of the whitening algorithm when the ACF is estimated and in …


Self-Focusing, Channel Formation, And High-Energy Ion Generation In Interaction Of An Intense Short Laser Pulse With A He Jet, G.S. Sarkisov, B. Yu. Bychenkov, V.N. Novikov, V.T. Tikhonchuk, Anatoly Maksimchuk, Shouyuan Chen, R. Wagner, G. Mourou, Donald Umstadter Jun 1999

Self-Focusing, Channel Formation, And High-Energy Ion Generation In Interaction Of An Intense Short Laser Pulse With A He Jet, G.S. Sarkisov, B. Yu. Bychenkov, V.N. Novikov, V.T. Tikhonchuk, Anatoly Maksimchuk, Shouyuan Chen, R. Wagner, G. Mourou, Donald Umstadter

Donald Umstadter Publications

Using interferometry, we investigate the dynamics of interaction of a relativistically intense 4-TW, 400-fs laser pulse with a He gas jet. We observe a stable plasma channel 1 mm long and less than 30 μm in diameter, with a radial gradient of electron density ∼5×1022 cm-4 and with an on-axis electron density approximately ten times less than its maximum value of 8×1019 cm-3. A high radial velocity of the surrounding gas ionization of ∼3.8×108 cm/s has been observed after the channel formation, and it is attributed to the fast ions expelled from the laser …


Interactions Between Bicrystal Josephson Junctions In A Multilayer Structure, H.Q. Li, R.H. Ono, L.R. Vale, D.A. Rudman, Sy_Hwang Liou Jun 1999

Interactions Between Bicrystal Josephson Junctions In A Multilayer Structure, H.Q. Li, R.H. Ono, L.R. Vale, D.A. Rudman, Sy_Hwang Liou

Sy-Hwang Liou Publications

We have fabricate and studied a variety of devices based on stacked YBa2Cu3Ox bicrystal Josephson junctions in a multilayer structure. The proximity of the junctions in the two layers produces a large number of effects based on interactions between the junctions. Voltage locking and current locking were observed in the stacked junctions. The voltage locking is due to the ac path provided by a SrTiO3 layer between the stacked junctions. The current locking is likely the result of a Josephson vortex interaction.


Spume Drops Produced By The Wind Tearing Of Wave Crests, Richard P. Barber Jr., Magdalena Anguelova, Jin Wu Jun 1999

Spume Drops Produced By The Wind Tearing Of Wave Crests, Richard P. Barber Jr., Magdalena Anguelova, Jin Wu

Physics

The wind tearing of breaking wave crests produces spume drops. The authors report preliminary laboratory data from direct and unambiguous observation of this process under various wind conditions using a video imaging technique. Results include the size distribution and production rates of these drops. The curves for production rates at different wind speeds merge effectively when normalized by the number of breaking events. This confirms that wave breaking occurrence, not the wind speed, is a dominant factor in spume production.


Complete View Of Stark Wave-Packet Evolution, M. B. Campbell, Thomas J. Bensky, Robert R. Jones Jun 1999

Complete View Of Stark Wave-Packet Evolution, M. B. Campbell, Thomas J. Bensky, Robert R. Jones

Physics

Picosecond laser pulses have been used to produce Rydberg wave packets in calcium atoms in the presence of a strong static electric field. The dynamics of the Stark wave packets have been observed by measuring the momentum-space probability distribution as a function of time. The full precession of the electronic orbital angular momentum, the appearance of a large-amplitude, linear oscillation of the electronic dipole moment, and a pronounced, periodic up-down asymmetry in the momentum distribution are all observed directly.


Implementation Of A Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Shock Code Based Upon The Weighted Average Flux Method, Mark P. Wittig Jun 1999

Implementation Of A Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Shock Code Based Upon The Weighted Average Flux Method, Mark P. Wittig

Theses and Dissertations

Numerical modeling of shock propagation and reflection is of interest to the Department of Defense (DoD). Propriety state-of-the-art codes based upon E. F. Toro's weighted average flux (WAF) method are being used to investigate complex shock reflection phenomena. Here we develop, test, and validate a one-dimensional hydrodynamic shock code. We apply WAF to Gudonov's first-order upwind method to achieve second-order accuracy. Oscillations, typical of second-order methods, are then removed using adaptive weight limiter functions based upon total variation diminishing (TVD) flux limiters. An adaptive Riemann solver routine is also implemented to improve computational efficiency. This one-dimensional code is then extended …


Dynamics Of Formation Of Soliton Conductivity In A 2 D-Array Of Linear Chains Containing Commensurate Charge Density Waves Near The Contact With A Normal Metal, Yuriy V. Pershin Dr, Alexander S. Rozhavsky Jun 1999

Dynamics Of Formation Of Soliton Conductivity In A 2 D-Array Of Linear Chains Containing Commensurate Charge Density Waves Near The Contact With A Normal Metal, Yuriy V. Pershin Dr, Alexander S. Rozhavsky

Faculty Publications

We make a numerical study of the conversion of conduction electrons into charge density wave (CDW) topological solitons at the interface between a normal metal and a 2D-array of the CDW-carrying linear chains. The interplay of commensurability potential, interchain interaction, and electric field on the dynamics of soliton formation is studied. When the interchain interaction exceeds the commensurability energy, the dynamic mechanism of creation of fractionally charged solitons near the contact is suppressed and specific contact nonlinearity in transport current is not observed.


Comment On "Relativistic Correction Of The Generalized Oscillator Strength Sum Rules", P.T. Leung, Scott M. Cohen Jun 1999

Comment On "Relativistic Correction Of The Generalized Oscillator Strength Sum Rules", P.T. Leung, Scott M. Cohen

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Romero and Aucar [Phys. Rev. A 57, 2212 (1998)] have found a vanishing result for the relativistic correction to the dipole sum rule ∆S1 for a one-electron system. They have given a result for the dipole sum rule ∆S2 as well. We argue that these results are both incorrect and show explicitly that their approach yields a nonvanishing result for ∆S1. The corrected result is in agreement with that which we have obtained in a recent paper, in which we present explicit expressions for ∆S1, ∆S2, and several other more general sum rules.


Influence Of Rare Regions On Magnetic Quantum Phase Transitions, Rajesh S. Narayanan, Thomas Vojta, Dietrich Belitz, Theodore R. Kirkpatrick Jun 1999

Influence Of Rare Regions On Magnetic Quantum Phase Transitions, Rajesh S. Narayanan, Thomas Vojta, Dietrich Belitz, Theodore R. Kirkpatrick

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effects of quenched disorder on the critical properties of itinerant quantum magnets are considered. Particular attention is paid to locally ordered rare regions that are formed in the presence of quenched disorder even when the bulk system is still in the nonmagnetic phase. It is shown that these local moments or instantons destroy the previously found critical fixed point in the case of antiferromagnets. In the case of itinerant ferromagnets, the critical behavior is unaffected by the rare regions due to an effective long-range interaction between the order parameter fluctuations.


First Order Transitions And Multicritical Points In Weak Itinerant Ferromagnets, Dietrich Belitz, Theodore R. Kirkpatrick, Thomas Vojta Jun 1999

First Order Transitions And Multicritical Points In Weak Itinerant Ferromagnets, Dietrich Belitz, Theodore R. Kirkpatrick, Thomas Vojta

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

It is shown that the phase transition in low-Tc clean itinerant ferromagnets is generically of first order, due to correlation effects that lead to a nonanalytic term in the free energy. A tricritical point separates the line of first order transitions from Heisenberg critical behavior at higher temperatures. Sufficiently strong quenched disorder suppresses the first order transition via the appearance of a critical end point. A semiquantitative discussion is given in terms of recent experiments on MnSi, and predictions for other experiments are made.


Piezoelectric And Pyroelectric Properties Of Ferroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett Polymer Films, A.V. Bune, Chuanxing Zhu, Stephen Ducharme, L.M. Blinov, V.M. Fridkin, S.P. Palto, N.N. Petukhova, S.G. Yudin Jun 1999

Piezoelectric And Pyroelectric Properties Of Ferroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett Polymer Films, A.V. Bune, Chuanxing Zhu, Stephen Ducharme, L.M. Blinov, V.M. Fridkin, S.P. Palto, N.N. Petukhova, S.G. Yudin

Stephen Ducharme Publications

The piezoelectric and pyroelectric responses of ferroelectric Langmuir–Blodgett polymer films are less than the largest values measured with bulk films of the same composition. The films of the crystalline copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene) fabricated by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique are 30 ML thick (15 nm) and are highly crystalline and oriented with polarization perpendicular to the film. Both piezoelectric and pyroelectric measurements show reversible ferroelectric switching. The films are suitable for use in pyroelectric infrared imaging and in piezoelectric acoustic transducers.


Metallicity Calibration Of A Ddo Cn Index And Other Low-Resolution Indices For G And K Stars, B. J. Taylor May 1999

Metallicity Calibration Of A Ddo Cn Index And Other Low-Resolution Indices For G And K Stars, B. J. Taylor

Faculty Publications

Metallicity calibrations of low-resolution parameters are potentially useful for (at least) two problems: the properties of moving groups, and the supermetallicity problem in K giants. In this paper, metallicity calibrations are derived for six sets of parameters. One of these parameters is the DDO CN index deltaCN. This parameter and three others are calibrated for use with evolved G and K stars. Two additional sets of low-resolution parameters are calibrated for use with G and K dwarfs. The calibrations are derived by comparing the input data with two catalogs of homogenized high-dispersion results from diverse authors (see Taylor 1995, 1999a). …


"Quadrupolar" Molecular Nonlinear Optics, V. Ostroverkhov, O. Ostroverkhova, Kenneth D. Singer, L. Sukhomlinova, R. J. Twieg May 1999

"Quadrupolar" Molecular Nonlinear Optics, V. Ostroverkhov, O. Ostroverkhova, Kenneth D. Singer, L. Sukhomlinova, R. J. Twieg

Faculty Scholarship

Quadrupolar and octupolar invariants may be used as methods to attain noncentrosymmetric materials for application in second order nonlinear optics. The structure-property relationships for the J = 2, or quadrupole rotational invariant, are investigated. Proper citation for the Technical Digest CD-ROM should be written in the following format: Ostrovekhov V., Ostroverkhova O., Petschek R.G., Singer K.D., Sukhomlinova L., Twieg R.J., “`Quadrupolar' molecular nonlinear optics,” in the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/The International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2009), Proceedings, 8-9


Optically Pumped Electron Spin Filter, Herman Batelaan, A. S. Green, B. A. Hitt, Timothy J. Gay May 1999

Optically Pumped Electron Spin Filter, Herman Batelaan, A. S. Green, B. A. Hitt, Timothy J. Gay

Timothy J. Gay Publications

This paper reports the first experimental demonstration of an optically pumped electron spin filter. Unpolarized electrons produced in a cold-cathode discharge drift through a mixture of spin-polarized Rb and a nitrogen or helium buffer gas. Through spin-exchange collisions with the Rb, the drifting electrons become polarized along the optical pumping axis. We study the role of the buffer gas in both the optical pumping and the spin transfer to the free electrons. This spin filter produces electron beams with currents and polarizations comparable to first-generation GaAs polarized electron sources.


Particle Sizing In Strongly Turbid Suspensions With The One-Beam Cross-Correlation Dynamic Light-Scattering Technique, Anthony J. Adorjan, James A. Lock, Thomas W. Taylor, Padetha Tin, William V. Meyer, Anthony E. Smart May 1999

Particle Sizing In Strongly Turbid Suspensions With The One-Beam Cross-Correlation Dynamic Light-Scattering Technique, Anthony J. Adorjan, James A. Lock, Thomas W. Taylor, Padetha Tin, William V. Meyer, Anthony E. Smart

Physics Faculty Publications

The utility of the one-beam cross-correlation dynamic light-scattering system for sizing small particles in suspension was previously limited by its small-intensity signal-to-baseline ratio for strongly turbid suspensions. We describe three improvements in the optical system and sample cell that raise the ratio to a value comparable with that of other cross-correlation dynamic light-scattering systems. These improvements are (i) using a square cross-sectional sample cell to minimize the attenuation of the incident beam and singly scattered light, (ii) placing a 200-mu m-wide slit between the sample cell and the detector fibers to mask off the region of weak single scattering and …


Instant Preheating, Gary Felder, Lev Kofman, Andrei Linde May 1999

Instant Preheating, Gary Felder, Lev Kofman, Andrei Linde

Physics: Faculty Publications

We describe a new efficient mechanism of reheating. Immediately after rolling down the rapidly moving inflaton field φ produces particles χ, which may be either bosons or fermions. This is a nonperturbative process which occurs almost instantly; no oscillations or parametric resonance is required. The effective masses of the χ particles may be very small at the moment when they are produced, but they “fatten” when the field φ increases. When the particles χ become sufficiently heavy, they rapidly decay to other, lighter particles. This leads to an almost instantaneous reheating accompanied by the production of particles with masses which …


Surfaces Of The Perovskite Manganites La1-XCaXMno3, Jaewu Choi, Jiandi Zhang, Sy-Hwang Liou, Peter A. Dowben, E. Ward Plummer May 1999

Surfaces Of The Perovskite Manganites La1-XCaXMno3, Jaewu Choi, Jiandi Zhang, Sy-Hwang Liou, Peter A. Dowben, E. Ward Plummer

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Angle-resolved core-level photoemission has been utilized to study the surfaces of crystalline thin films of manganite La1-xCaxMnO3 (x=0.1 and 0.35). It is found that both the surface termination and Ca surface concentration depend on the bulk Ca concentration. For La0.65Ca0.35MnO3, the terminal layer is predominately Mn-O, while for La0.9Ca0.1MnO3, the majority of the surface is La/Ca-O terminated. Both surfaces exhibit a large enhancement in the Ca concentration compared to the bulk with the La0.9Ca0.1MnO3 sample, having a larger …


Modeling The High-Speed Switching Of Far-Infrared Radiation By Photoionization In A Semiconductor, Thomas E. Wilson May 1999

Modeling The High-Speed Switching Of Far-Infrared Radiation By Photoionization In A Semiconductor, Thomas E. Wilson

Physics Faculty Research

Data from an earlier study [T. Vogel et al., Appl. Opt. 31, 329 (1992)] on the subnanosecond switching of 119-μm radiation in high-resistivity silicon by pulsed UV laser radiation, is compared with a refined one-dimensional numerical multilayer model accounting for the generation, recombination, and diffusion of the free carriers on the resulting far-infrared optical properties of the silicon. The inclusion of recent measurements for carrier-density and temperature-dependent transport parameters leads to improved agreement between experiment and theory.


The Effects Of Charge Transfer On The Thermal Equilibrium Of Photoionized Nebulae, J. B. Kingdon, Gary J. Ferland May 1999

The Effects Of Charge Transfer On The Thermal Equilibrium Of Photoionized Nebulae, J. B. Kingdon, Gary J. Ferland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Charge transfer can affect both the ionization and thermal balance of astrophysical plasmas. Using the most recent rate coefficients and energy defects, we calculate the heating/cooling rates for charge transfer reactions between hydrogen and elements up to Z=30. We incorporate these values into the photoionization code CLOUDY. Results from models approximating a wide range of astrophysical objects and conditions suggest that charge transfer can make a significant contribution to the heating near the H ionization front, particularly in objects with a hard ionizing continuum or enhanced abundances. Charge transfer heating can also be important in regimes in which the usual …


Search For BS0-B̅S0, F. Abe, Kenneth A. Bloom, Collider Detector At Fermilab Collaboration May 1999

Search For BS0-B̅S0, F. Abe, Kenneth A. Bloom, Collider Detector At Fermilab Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

A search for Bs0-B̅s0 oscillations is performed in a sample of Bs0 semileptonic decays collected using dilepton triggers at the Tevatron Collider during 1992–1995. The Bs0 is reconstructed using φ mesonlepton correlations; its initial production flavor is determined with the second lepton in the event. From a signal of 1068 with a Bs0 purity of 61%, we obtain a limit on the Bs0-B̅s0 oscillation frequency of Δms>5.8 ps-1 at 95% confidence level.


Non-Rayleigh Signal Statistics In Clustered Statistically Homogeneous Rain, A. R. Jameson, Alexander Kostinski May 1999

Non-Rayleigh Signal Statistics In Clustered Statistically Homogeneous Rain, A. R. Jameson, Alexander Kostinski

Department of Physics Publications

As the sample volume of a remote sensing instrument moves through sufficiently variable conditions, recent work shows that the amplitudes and associated intensities can deviate significantly at times from expectations based on Rayleigh signal statistics because fluctuations in the number of scatterers leads to a doubly stochastic measurement process. While non-Rayleigh deviations yield average biases for both logarithmic and linear detectors, perhaps of greater importance is the enhancement of the variance of the bias distribution for square law detectors. In this work the authors explore the potential existence of non-Rayleigh effects even in the statistically homogeneous rain when fluctuations in …


Effect Of Dipolar Molecules On Carrier Mobilities In Photorefractive Polymers, Arosha Goonesekera, Stephen Ducharme May 1999

Effect Of Dipolar Molecules On Carrier Mobilities In Photorefractive Polymers, Arosha Goonesekera, Stephen Ducharme

Stephen Ducharme Publications

The grating formation speed in photorefractive polymers is greatly reduced by highly polar molecules incorporated by necessity in large concentrations to produce large diffraction efficiency and two-beam energy coupling gain. The random electric fields generated by these dipoles interfere with charge transport by increasing the width of the hopping site energy distribution and thus greatly reducing the carrier mobility and the photorefractive speed. We conducted transport studies of several model systems consisting of combinations of two polymer binders, six charge transport agents (four for holes and two for electrons), and varying concentrations of two highly polar electro-optic chromophores. The results …


Semiempirical R-Matrix Theory Of Low Energy Electron–Cf3Cl Inelastic Scattering, R. S. Wilde, Gordon A. Gallup, Ilya I. Fabrikant May 1999

Semiempirical R-Matrix Theory Of Low Energy Electron–Cf3Cl Inelastic Scattering, R. S. Wilde, Gordon A. Gallup, Ilya I. Fabrikant

Gordon Gallup Publications

We apply a semiempirical R-matrix theory to calculations of vibrational excitation and dissociative attachment in the CF3Cl molecule for electron energies below about 3 eV. We employ two sets of model parameters corresponding to two different forms of the CF3Cl− potential curve. We find that our present, ab initio calculated anion curve gives vibrational excitation and dissociative attachment cross sections in good agreement with experimental measurements. We also compare the results of our theory with those of a recently published classical theory.