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Articles 2401 - 2430 of 34098
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Constraints On Metastable Superheavy Dark Matter Coupled To Sterile Neutrinos With The Pierre Auger Observatory, A. Abdul Halim, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I. Allekotte, K. Almeida Cheminant, A. Almela, B. Fick, K. Nguyen, D. Nitz, Et Al.
Constraints On Metastable Superheavy Dark Matter Coupled To Sterile Neutrinos With The Pierre Auger Observatory, A. Abdul Halim, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I. Allekotte, K. Almeida Cheminant, A. Almela, B. Fick, K. Nguyen, D. Nitz, Et Al.
Michigan Tech Publications
Dark matter particles could be superheavy, provided their lifetime is much longer than the age of the Universe. Using the sensitivity of the Pierre Auger Observatory to ultrahigh energy neutrinos and photons, we constrain a specific extension of the Standard Model of particle physics that meets the lifetime requirement for a superheavy particle by coupling it to a sector of ultralight sterile neutrinos. Our results show that, for a typical dark coupling constant of 0.1, the mixing angle θm between active and sterile neutrinos must satisfy, roughly, θm≲1.5×10-6(MX/109 GeV)-2 for a mass MX of the dark-matter particle between 108 GeV …
Dispersion Of Artificial Tracers In Ventilated Caves, Claudio Pastore, Eric Weber, Frédéric Doumenc, Pierre-Yves Jeannin, Marc Lütscher
Dispersion Of Artificial Tracers In Ventilated Caves, Claudio Pastore, Eric Weber, Frédéric Doumenc, Pierre-Yves Jeannin, Marc Lütscher
International Journal of Speleology
Artificial CO2 was used as a tracer along ventilated karst conduits to infer airflow and investigate tracer dispersion. In the karst vadose zone, cave ventilation is an efficient mode of transport for heat, gases and aerosols and thus drives the spatial distribution of airborne particles. Modelling this airborne transport requires geometrical and physical parameters of the conduit system, including the cross-sectional areas, the airflow and average air speed, as well as the longitudinal dispersion coefficient which describes the spreading of a solute. Four gauging tests were carried out in one mine (artificial conduit) and two ventilated caves (natural conduits). …
Search For Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals Using Particle Swarm Optimization And Reduced Dimensionality Likelihoods, Xiao-Bo Zou, Soumya Mohanty, Hong-Gang Luo, Yu-Xiao Liu
Search For Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals Using Particle Swarm Optimization And Reduced Dimensionality Likelihoods, Xiao-Bo Zou, Soumya Mohanty, Hong-Gang Luo, Yu-Xiao Liu
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are significant observational targets for spaceborne gravitational wave detectors, namely, LISA, Taiji, and Tianqin, which involve the inspiral of stellar-mass compact objects into massive black holes (MBHs) with a mass range of approximately 104 ∼107��⊙ . EMRIs are estimated to produce long-lived gravitational wave signals with more than 105 cycles before plunge, making them an ideal laboratory for exploring the strong-gravity properties of the spacetimes around the MBHs, stellar dynamics in galactic nuclei, and properties of the MBHs itself. However, the complexity of the waveform model, which involves the superposition of multiple harmonics, as well as the …
Non-Destructive Thickness Uniformity Measurement Of Photosensitive Gelatin Film, Clayton Halper
Non-Destructive Thickness Uniformity Measurement Of Photosensitive Gelatin Film, Clayton Halper
Physics Capstone Projects
Volume phase holographic gratings (VPHG’s) depend on dichromate gelatin of which uniform thickness is vital. The photosensitive nature of the film makes current thin film measurement devices not viable for production means. This project attempts to create a non-destructive measurement of photosensitive gelatin film used in VPHG production. Application of thin film interference at chosen wavelengths enable analysis of uniformity by comparison between the thin film inference patterns at different wavelengths. An initial proof of concept was established and a path towards a production ready device is outlined.
Nowcasting Solar Euv Irradiance With Photospheric Magnetic Fields And The Mg Ii Index, Kara L. Kniezewski, Samuel J. Schonfeld, Carl J. Henney
Nowcasting Solar Euv Irradiance With Photospheric Magnetic Fields And The Mg Ii Index, Kara L. Kniezewski, Samuel J. Schonfeld, Carl J. Henney
Student Publications
A new method to nowcast spectral irradiance in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and far ultraviolet (FUV) bands is presented here, utilizing only solar photospheric magnetograms and the Mg II index (i.e., the core-to-wing ratio). The EUV and FUV modeling outlined here is a direct extension of the SIFT (Solar Indices Forecasting Tool) model, based on Henney et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014sw001118). SIFT estimates solar activity indices using the earth-side solar photospheric magnetic field sums from global magnetic maps generated by the ADAPT (Air Force Data Assimilative Photospheric Flux Transport) model. Utilizing strong and weak magnetic field sums from ADAPT maps, Henney …
Probing Shielding Tensor Components Of Amino Acids Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Shiva Agarwal, Sungsool Wi, Michael Famiano, John Miller, Zbigniew Chajecki
Probing Shielding Tensor Components Of Amino Acids Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Shiva Agarwal, Sungsool Wi, Michael Famiano, John Miller, Zbigniew Chajecki
Waldo Library Student Exhibits
Amino acids combine to form proteins in living organisms; most are chiral. On Earth amino acids appear only in the L- form, which is likely due to the amplification of enantiomeric excess (ee). However, a small ee for the L-form of amino acids has been observed in meteorites that have fallen on Earth. One possibility for this ee is the effect of antisymmetric components of the magnetic shielding tensor for 14N nuclei in amino acids, which in NMR manifests as the antisymmetric chemical shift (ACS). This can result in preferential destruction of their D-form through interactions with polarized leptons (e.g., …
The First Variational Formula, The Phase Space Of Solutions, And The Ostrogradsky Formalism, Matthew Pontius, Drew Watson
The First Variational Formula, The Phase Space Of Solutions, And The Ostrogradsky Formalism, Matthew Pontius, Drew Watson
Physics Capstone Projects
We consider Lagrangians for classical mechanics which depend upon an arbitrary number of time derivatives of the configuration variables. From the boundary term in the first variation of the Lagrangian we derive the Ostrogradsky formulas which define the Hamiltonian formulation of mechanical systems.
Group Iv Topological Quantum Alloy And The Role Of Short-Range Order: The Case Of Ge-Rich Ge1–XPbX, Yunfan Liang, Shunda Chen, Xiaochen Jin, Damien West, Shui-Qing Yu, Tianshu Li, Shengbai Zhang
Group Iv Topological Quantum Alloy And The Role Of Short-Range Order: The Case Of Ge-Rich Ge1–XPbX, Yunfan Liang, Shunda Chen, Xiaochen Jin, Damien West, Shui-Qing Yu, Tianshu Li, Shengbai Zhang
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations
Despite the explosion of interest in topological materials over the last decades, their applications remain limited due to challenges in growth and incorporation with today’s microelectronics. As a potential bridge to close this gap, we investigate the group-IV alloy Ge1–xPbx, in the Ge-rich condition using density functional theory and show that relatively low concentrations of Pb (~9.4%) can lead to a topological phase transition. Furthermore, the calculation of the Z2 invariant for both the random alloy and the alloy with short-range order (SRO) indicate that the topological phase of the material can be directly modified …
Fluorescence Microscopy With Deep Uv, Near Uv, And Visible Excitation For In Situ Detection Of Microorganisms, Noel Case, Nikki Johnston, Jay Nadeau
Fluorescence Microscopy With Deep Uv, Near Uv, And Visible Excitation For In Situ Detection Of Microorganisms, Noel Case, Nikki Johnston, Jay Nadeau
Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations
We report a simple, inexpensive design of a fluorescence microscope with light-emitting diode (LED) excitation for detection of labeled and unlabeled microorganisms in mineral substrates. The use of deep UV (DUV) excitation with visible emission requires no specialized optics or slides and can be implemented easily and inexpensively using an oblique illumination geometry. DUV excitation (<280 >nm) is preferable to near UV (365 nm) for avoidance of mineral autofluorescence. When excited with DUV, unpigmented bacteria show two emission peaks: one in the near UV ∼320 nm, corresponding to proteins, and another peak in the blue to green range, corresponding to …
Phys 727: Advanced Thermodynamics/Statistical Mechanics, Kevin Beach
Phys 727: Advanced Thermodynamics/Statistical Mechanics, Kevin Beach
GMAS Course Syllabi
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Heterogeneous Data Sets And Time-Lag Measurement Techniques On Cosmological Parameter Constraints From Mg Ii And C Iv Reverberation-Mapped Quasar Data, Shulei Cao, Michal Zajaček, Bożena Czerny, Swayamtrupta Panda, Bharat Ratra
Effects Of Heterogeneous Data Sets And Time-Lag Measurement Techniques On Cosmological Parameter Constraints From Mg Ii And C Iv Reverberation-Mapped Quasar Data, Shulei Cao, Michal Zajaček, Bożena Czerny, Swayamtrupta Panda, Bharat Ratra
Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations
Previously, we demonstrated that Mg II and C IV reverberation-mapped quasars (RM QSOs) are standardizable and that the cosmological parameters inferred using the broad-line region radius–luminosity (R–L) relation are consistent with those determined from better-established cosmological probes. With more data expected from ongoing and future spectroscopic and photometric surveys, it is imperative to examine how new QSO data sets of varied quality, with their own specific luminosity and time-delay distributions, can be best used to determine more restrictive cosmological parameter constraints. In this study, we test the effect of adding 25 OzDES Mg II RM QSOs as well …
Predicting Biomolecular Properties And Interactions Using Numerical, Statistical And Machine Learning Methods, Elyssa Sliheet
Predicting Biomolecular Properties And Interactions Using Numerical, Statistical And Machine Learning Methods, Elyssa Sliheet
Mathematics Theses and Dissertations
We investigate machine learning and electrostatic methods to predict biophysical properties of proteins, such as solvation energy and protein ligand binding affinity, for the purpose of drug discovery/development. We focus on the Poisson-Boltzmann model and various high performance computing considerations such as parallelization schemes.
Creation Of Bound Half-Fermion Pairs By Solitons, Sapan Karki, Brett Altschul
Creation Of Bound Half-Fermion Pairs By Solitons, Sapan Karki, Brett Altschul
Faculty Publications
In the presence of topologically nontrivial bosonic field configurations, the fermion number operator may take on fractional eigenvalues, because of the existence of zero-energy fermion modes. The simplest examples of this occur in 1+1 dimensions, with zero modes attached to kink-type solitons. In the presence of a kink-antikink pair, the two associated zero modes bifurcate into positive and negative energy levels with energies ±ge-gΔ, in terms of the Yukawa coupling g≪1 and the distance Δ between the kink and antikink centers. When the kink and antikink are moving, it seems that there could be Landau–Zener-like transitions between these …
Exploration On Lysing Microalgae Using Pulsed Electric Fields, Fereshteh A. Bunk
Exploration On Lysing Microalgae Using Pulsed Electric Fields, Fereshteh A. Bunk
Physics
With a dangerously and rapidly changing climate [1], people globally are desperate to reduce CO2 emissions and protect our environment as evidenced by global initiatives such as the United Nations’ Paris Agreement [2]. Traditional fossil fuel extraction and combustion was responsible for 74% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2019, which contributes to climate change, ocean acidification, extreme weather events, sea level rise, pollution, and health issues which contributed to 350,000 premature deaths in the U.S. in 2018 [3]. This motivates the search for alternative, more sustainable fuel production. There have been many new, more sustainable solutions to traditional fossil …
Low Cost Magnetometer Calibration And Distributed Simultaneous Multipoint Ionospheric Measurements From A Sounding Rocket Platform, Joshua W. Milford
Low Cost Magnetometer Calibration And Distributed Simultaneous Multipoint Ionospheric Measurements From A Sounding Rocket Platform, Joshua W. Milford
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
Low-cost and low-size-weight-and-power (SWaP) magnetometers can provide greater accessibility for distributed simultaneous measurements in the ionosphere, either onboard sounding rockets or on CubeSats. The Space and Atmospheric Instrumentation Laboratory (SAIL) at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University has launched a multitude of sounding rockets in recent history: one night-time mid-latitude rocket from Wallops Flight Facility in August 2022 and three mid-latitude rockets from White Sands Missile Range during the October 2023 annular solar eclipse. All rockets had a comprehensive suite of instruments for electrodynamics and neutral dynamics measurements. Among this suite was one science-grade three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (Billingsley TFM65VQS / TFM100G2) and up …
Development Of On-The-Fly Quasi-Steady State Approximation For Chemical Kinetics In Cfd, Abhinav Balamurugan
Development Of On-The-Fly Quasi-Steady State Approximation For Chemical Kinetics In Cfd, Abhinav Balamurugan
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
This study analyzes the feasibility of On-The-Fly Quasi-Steady-State Approximation (OTF-QSSA) application for solving chemical kinetics within Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, aiming to reduce the computational demand of detailed mechanisms. An algorithm that dynamically identifies and designates Quasi-Steady-State (QSS) species at specific grid locations and instances during the simulation was developed. With this information, our method pseudo-delays the advancement of concentrations for these QSS species—effectively setting their rate of concentration change to zero for a set number iteration before updating using the detailed mechanism and thereby omitting the computationally intensive processes typically required for their calculation during those skipped iteration. …
Modeling And Numerical Analysis Of The Cholesteric Landau-De Gennes Model, Andrew L. Hicks
Modeling And Numerical Analysis Of The Cholesteric Landau-De Gennes Model, Andrew L. Hicks
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This thesis gives an analysis of modeling and numerical issues in the Landau-de Gennes (LdG) model of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) with cholesteric effects. We derive various time-step restrictions for a (weighted) $L^2$ gradient flow scheme to be energy decreasing. Furthermore, we prove a mesh size restriction, for finite element discretizations, that is critical to avoid spurious numerical artifacts in discrete minimizers that is not well-known in the LC literature, particularly when simulating cholesteric LCs that exhibit ``twist''. Furthermore, we perform a computational exploration of the model and present several numerical simulations in 3-D, on both slab geometries and spherical …
Marie Curie: The Quantum Matriarch, Diptiman Das
Marie Curie: The Quantum Matriarch, Diptiman Das
Student Publications
Entitled “Marie Curie: The Quantum Matriarch,” this paper illuminates the extraordinary life and enduring legacy of Marie Curie, whose groundbreaking work in radioactivity revolutionized the scientific landscape. Born as Maria Skłodowska in the heart of Warsaw, Curie’s odyssey from Poland’s clandestine Flying University to the hallowed halls of Paris’ Sorbonne epitomizes her tenacious quest for enlightenment amidst the shackles of societal norms. In collaboration with her spouse, Pierre Curie, she discovered the elements polonium and radium, thereby introducing the concept of “radioactivity” to the world and securing Nobel accolades in both Physics and Chemistry. This paper ventures into her intimate …
Quantum Realities: A Comparative Analysis Of Interpretations Addressing The Measurement Problem In Quantum Mechanics, Adib Kabir
Student Publications
This paper examines the measurement problem in quantum mechanics and evaluates three major interpretations: the Copenhagen interpretation, the Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI), and the Pilot-Wave theory. The Copenhagen interpretation posits that particles exist in superposition until measured, at which point their wave functions collapse. MWI suggests that all possible outcomes occur in separate, non-interacting branches of the universe, eliminating wave function collapse but introducing an infinite number of unobservable universes. The Pilot-Wave theory reintroduces determinism through hidden variables, guiding particles along definite paths. The paper concludes that the Copenhagen interpretation is the most plausible, balancing empirical adequacy, ontological clarity, and simplicity.
Characterization Of Transmission Gratings In Photorefractive Materials, Diego Figueroa, Austin Scott, Partha Banerjee
Characterization Of Transmission Gratings In Photorefractive Materials, Diego Figueroa, Austin Scott, Partha Banerjee
Posters - 2024
Measuring the transmitted and diffracted beam powers while writing and/or probing the grating with a writing or probe beam is a simple characterization method of transmission gratings. The transmission grating is written in a doped lithium niobate crystal using an argon laser beam of 514.5 nm wavelength. This transmission grating is probed using a helium-neon 632.6 nm laser beam at appropriate Bragg incidence. By scanning the probe beam across the grating, the transmission grating profile can be characterized. The two-beam coupling process is shown in Figure 1 and is due to the space charge field set up in a photorefractive …
Large Sample Statistical Study Of Three-Dimensional Magnetic Reconnection At The Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment, Solomon Murdock , '24
Large Sample Statistical Study Of Three-Dimensional Magnetic Reconnection At The Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment, Solomon Murdock , '24
Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards
Many plasmas can be described by ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). A key result of ideal MHD is the frozen-in-flux theorem which states that the magnetic field stretches and bends with the motion of the plasma. The frozen-in-flux theorem is violated during magnetic reconnection, the annihilation of magnetic flux within a plasma. During reconnection, non-ideal MHD effects dominate plasma dynamics. The dynamics of magnetic reconnection is an unsolved problem in plasma physics. Most prior laboratory studies of magnetic reconnection examined reconnection in 2D scenarios, scenarios with a single ignorable coordinate. The SSX device was used to merge twisted ropes of plasma called …
Shorting At Long Duration: Impact Of Extended Discharge Capacity On Battery Solid Electrolytes, Ryan C. Hill, Amanda S. Peretti, Leo J. Small, Erik D. Spoerke, Yang-Tse Cheng
Shorting At Long Duration: Impact Of Extended Discharge Capacity On Battery Solid Electrolytes, Ryan C. Hill, Amanda S. Peretti, Leo J. Small, Erik D. Spoerke, Yang-Tse Cheng
Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications
Long-duration energy storage (LDES) is critical to a stable, resilient, and decarbonized electric grid. While batteries are emerging as important LDES devices, extended, high-power discharges necessary for cost-competitive LDES present new materials challenges. Focusing on a new generation of low-temperature molten sodium batteries, we explore here unique phenomena related to long-duration discharge through a well-known solid electrolyte, NaSICON. Specifically, molten sodium symmetric cells at 110 ° C were cycled at 0.1 A cm−2 for 1–23 h discharges. Longer discharges led to unstable overpotentials, reduced resistances, and decreased electrolyte strength, caused by massive sodium penetration not observed in shorter duration discharges. …
Generation, Dynamics, And Interaction Of Quartic Solitary Waves In Nonlinear Laser Systems, Sabrina Hetzel
Generation, Dynamics, And Interaction Of Quartic Solitary Waves In Nonlinear Laser Systems, Sabrina Hetzel
Mathematics Theses and Dissertations
Solitons are self-reinforcing localized wave packets that have remarkable stability features that arise from the balanced competition of nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium. Traditionally, the dominant order of dispersion has been the lowest (second), however in recent years, experimental and theoretical research has shown that high, even order dispersion may lead to novel applications. Here, the focus is on investigating the interplay of dominant quartic (fourth-order) dispersion and the self-phase modulation due to the nonlinear Kerr effect in laser systems. One big factor to consider for experimentalists working in laser systems is the effect of noise on the …
Implications Of Minimum Description Length For Adversarial Attack In Natural Language Processing, Kshitiz Tiwari, Lu Zhang
Implications Of Minimum Description Length For Adversarial Attack In Natural Language Processing, Kshitiz Tiwari, Lu Zhang
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations
Investigating causality to establish novel criteria for training robust natural language processing (NLP) models is an active research area. However, current methods face various challenges such as the difficulties in identifying keyword lexicons and obtaining data from multiple labeled environments. In this paper, we study the problem of robust NLP from a complementary but different angle: we treat the behavior of an attack model as a complex causal mechanism and quantify its algorithmic information using the minimum description length (MDL) framework. Specifically, we use masked language modeling (MLM) to measure the “amount of effort” needed to transform from the original …