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Light Scattering In The Isotropic Phase Of Highly Chiral Liquid Crystals, J. E. Wyse, Peter J. Collings Feb 1992

Light Scattering In The Isotropic Phase Of Highly Chiral Liquid Crystals, J. E. Wyse, Peter J. Collings

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

Light-scattering measurements using circularly polarized light in a backscattering geometry are employed to measure the amplitude of fluctuations in two of the five structural modes present in the isotropic phase of chiral liquid crystals. From these measurements, the second-order transition temperatures for all five modes are then calculated. In order to investigate the effect of chirality on the fluctuations, the experiments are performed in various mixtures of the chiral liquid crystal 4’’-(2-methylbutylphenyl)-4’-(2-methylbutyl)-4-biphenylcarboxylate (CE2) and the nonchiral liquid crystal 4-n-pentylbenzenethio-4’-n-heptyloxybenzoate(7¯S5). The results show that fluctuations in the five modes are independent in low-chirality mixtures, and, as predicted by theory, the second-order …

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Finite Thermal Diffusivity At Onset Of Convection In Autocatalytic Systems: Continuous Fluid Density, J. W. Wilder, Boyd F. Edwards, D. A. Vasquez Feb 1992

Finite Thermal Diffusivity At Onset Of Convection In Autocatalytic Systems: Continuous Fluid Density, J. W. Wilder, Boyd F. Edwards, D. A. Vasquez

All Physics Faculty Publications

The linear stability of exothermic autocatalytic reaction fronts is considered using the viscous thermohydrodynamic equations for a fluid with finite thermal diffusivity. For upward front propagation and a thin front, the vertical thermal gradient near the front is reminiscent of the Rayleigh-Bénard problem of a fluid layer heated from below. The problem is also similar to flame propagation, except that here the front propagation speed is limited by catalyst diffusion rather than by activation kinetics. For small density changes in a laterally unbounded system, the curvature dependence of the front propagation speed stabilizes perturbations with short wavelengths λ<λc, …

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Electron-Paramagnetic-Resonance Study Of Gaas Grown By Low-Temperature Molecular-Beam Epitaxy, H. J. Vonbardeleben, M. O. Manasreh, David C. Look, K. R. Evans, C. E. Stutz Feb 1992

Electron-Paramagnetic-Resonance Study Of Gaas Grown By Low-Temperature Molecular-Beam Epitaxy, H. J. Vonbardeleben, M. O. Manasreh, David C. Look, K. R. Evans, C. E. Stutz

Physics Faculty Publications

Electron-paramagnetic-resonance results demonstrate an arsenic-antisite related deep donor defect to be the dominant native defect in GaAs layers grown by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy (LTMBE). This defect is different from the EL2-related native arsenic-antisite defect. The thermal-equilibrium concentration of 3×1018 cm−3 ionized AsGa defects directly shows the additional presence of unidentified acceptor defects in the same concentration range. The defect distribution in GaAs grown by LTMBE is unstable under thermal annealing at T≳500 °C.

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Evidence For Atomic Processes In Molecular Valence Double Ionization, U. Becker, Oliver Hemmers, B. Langer, A. Menzel, R. Wehlitz, W. B. Peatman Feb 1992

Evidence For Atomic Processes In Molecular Valence Double Ionization, U. Becker, Oliver Hemmers, B. Langer, A. Menzel, R. Wehlitz, W. B. Peatman

Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

Complete molecular valence-electron spectra were measured for CO. Unexpectedly, discrete lines at low kinetic energies were found, superimposed on a continuous energy spectrum representing direct double-ionization processes. The appearance of these lines is discussed in the context of the formation of the C++O+ ion pair near its associated threshold at 38.4 eV. It is ascribed to valence-excited repulsive (CO+)* states, which dissociate to a large part rapidly into atomic fragments before electronic relaxation takes place. From our spectra, partial cross sections for the different processes leading to dissociative valence double ionization are derived.

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Mössbauer And Neutron Diffraction Studies Of Y₂(Fe₁₋ₓmnₓ)₁₄B, Oran Allan Pringle, Gaya Kanishka Marasinghe, Gary J. Long, William Joseph James, William B. Yelon, Decai Xie, Fernande Grandjean Feb 1992

Mössbauer And Neutron Diffraction Studies Of Y₂(Fe₁₋ₓmnₓ)₁₄B, Oran Allan Pringle, Gaya Kanishka Marasinghe, Gary J. Long, William Joseph James, William B. Yelon, Decai Xie, Fernande Grandjean

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We have used Mössbauer spectroscopy and neutron diffraction to study a series of Y2(Fe1-xMnx)1 4B samples in the composition range from x=0.0 to 0.4. Y 2(Fe0.6Mn0.4)14B is paramagnetic at both room temperature and 85 K. The iron quadrupole splitting in this paramagnetic compound allows us to place an upper limit on the quadrupole shift in the magnetic Y2(Fe1-xMnx) 14B alloys. Refinement of Y2(Fe 1-xMnx)14B neutron diffraction data have been used to …

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Determining The Chemical Composition Of Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Allen L. Williams, Jane E. Rothert, Kent E. Mcclure, Darryl J. Alofs, Donald E. Hagen, Daniel R. White, A. R. Hopkins, Max B. Trueblood Feb 1992

Determining The Chemical Composition Of Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Allen L. Williams, Jane E. Rothert, Kent E. Mcclure, Darryl J. Alofs, Donald E. Hagen, Daniel R. White, A. R. Hopkins, Max B. Trueblood

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This second progress report describes the status of the project one and one-half years after the start. The goal of the project is to develop the instrumentation to collect cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in sufficient amounts to determine their chemical composition, and to survey the CCN composition in different climates through a series of field measurements. Our approach to CCN collection is to first form droplets on the nuclei under simulated cloud humidity conditions, which is the only known method of identifying CCN from the background aerosol. Under cloud chamber conditions, the droplets formed become larger than the surrounding aerosol, …

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Angular-Differential Cross Sections For H(2p) Formation In Intermediate-Energy Proton-Helium Collisions, Denver G. Seely, S. W. Bross, A. D. Gaus, John Wm Edwards, David R. Schultz, Timothy Gay, John T. Park, Jerry Peacher Feb 1992

Angular-Differential Cross Sections For H(2p) Formation In Intermediate-Energy Proton-Helium Collisions, Denver G. Seely, S. W. Bross, A. D. Gaus, John Wm Edwards, David R. Schultz, Timothy Gay, John T. Park, Jerry Peacher

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Angular-differential cross sections for charge transfer with simultaneous emission of a photon in collisions of protons with helium atoms have been measured. The incident proton energies were 25, 50, and 100 keV and the center-of-mass scattering angles were between 0 and 2.0 mrad. In the experiment, hydrogen atoms that scattered through an angle θ were detected in coincidence with photons emitted perpendicular to the scattering plane with a wavelength between 1140 and 1400 Å. Differential cross sections for capture into the 2p state of the hydrogen atom were determined from the variation in the coincidence signal with θ. The experimental …

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Molecular-Statistical Theory For Curvature Elasticity Of Thermotropic Main-Chain-Polymer Liquid Crystals, Rolfe G. Petschek, Eugene M. Terentjev Jan 1992

Molecular-Statistical Theory For Curvature Elasticity Of Thermotropic Main-Chain-Polymer Liquid Crystals, Rolfe G. Petschek, Eugene M. Terentjev

Faculty Scholarship

We develop a microscopic molecular-statistical theory for thermotropic nematic polymers, composed of semiflexible chains of bonded nematogenic monomers. In the framework of a mean-field approximation we account for pair-interaction forces between monomers, including long-range attraction, steric repulsion, and effective rigidity of the bonds between subsequent monomers on the same chain. The functional correction to the probability distribution in a nonuniform orienting field is obtained for the case of very-long-wavelength deformations. We then derive a curvature-elastic free energy for this system, in which the Frank elastic constants are expressed in terms of definite molecular and thermodynamic parameters. It is shown that …

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The Effect Of Continuous Stirring On Off-Critical And Critical Samples Of A Phase Separating Binary Liquid Mixture, Nalini Easwar Jan 1992

The Effect Of Continuous Stirring On Off-Critical And Critical Samples Of A Phase Separating Binary Liquid Mixture, Nalini Easwar

Physics: Faculty Publications

The effect of shear on phase separation in a continuously stirred mixture of isobutyric acid and water has been studied. The data for the onset of phase separation in the stirred samples that are as far away as 500 mK from the critical point compare favorably with the theory of Onuki and Takasue and with similar measurements on very off-critical mixtures of 2-6 lutidine plus water reported by Min et al. However, as the composition gets closer to the critical composition significant differences arise. The main feature is that the measured suppression in temperature peaks at an off-critical composition …

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The Effect Of Diamagnetic Dilution On The Spin-Phonon Interaction And Scattering Cross Section In Fe1-Xznxf2, Christian Binek Jan 1992

The Effect Of Diamagnetic Dilution On The Spin-Phonon Interaction And Scattering Cross Section In Fe1-Xznxf2, Christian Binek

Christian Binek Publications

The temperature dependences of the first moments of phonon Raman scattering lines are studied for Fe1-xZnxF2. The diamagnetic dilution diminishes the spin-phonon coupling strength of phonons with both A1g and Eg symmetry in proportion to the decrease in the ordering temperature TN. Moreover, the Eg mode shows an asymmetrical lineshape for Zn concentrations x>0.3. It is explained by an unresolved superposition of two modes, one of which is ascribed to perturbed ZnF2 with broken translational symmetry.

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Auger Spectra And Band Structure Of La1.85Sr0.15Cuo4 And La1.85Ba0.15Cuo4, R. Bar-Deroma, J. Felsteiner, R. Brener, J. Ashkenazi, D. Van Der Marel Jan 1992

Auger Spectra And Band Structure Of La1.85Sr0.15Cuo4 And La1.85Ba0.15Cuo4, R. Bar-Deroma, J. Felsteiner, R. Brener, J. Ashkenazi, D. Van Der Marel

Physics Articles and Papers

High-resolution Auger electron spectra of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 and La1.85Ba0.15CuO4 have been measured. The experimental Auger line shapes of the oxygen KLL and copper L2,3VV transitions are compared with those generated from local-density-approximation linear-muffin-tin-orbital band-structure calculations. An analysis based on this comparison is used to determine the Coulomb parameters Up and Ud of the oxygen and copper atoms, respectively. For this purpose, an extended version of Cini and Sawatzky’s expression for the theoretical Auger line shape is used, taking into account the multiplet structure of the Auger final …

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Magnetism With Generalized-Gradient-Approximation Density Functionals, D.J. Singh, J. Ashkenazi Jan 1992

Magnetism With Generalized-Gradient-Approximation Density Functionals, D.J. Singh, J. Ashkenazi

Physics Articles and Papers

We report generalized-gradient-approximation (GGA) density-functional studies of Cr, V, and Pd, using an all-electron, general-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave technique. These calculations were undertaken in order to assess the utility of the GGA as an improvement over the local-density approximation in describing transition-metal magnetism. It is found that although the tendency towards magnetism is enhanced, both V and Pd are correctly predicted to be nonmagnetic with the recent GGA functional of Perdew (PW GGA-II) as with the Langreth-Mehl-Hu (LM) functional. Calculations for commensurate antiferromagnetic Cr show that the PW GGA-II predicts an overly large moment of 1.4μB while the LM functional yields …

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Nonuniversality In The Kondo Effect, M. Naghashpour, S. E. Barnes Jan 1992

Nonuniversality In The Kondo Effect, M. Naghashpour, S. E. Barnes

Physics Articles and Papers

We have analytically evaluated, up to fourth order, all logarithmic terms in the perturbation expansion of the magnetization scrM for the Kondo model. All nonlogarithmic terms have been evaluated up to third order. When these results are compared with the claimed universal function scrM(H/TH) calculated with the Bethe ansatz, we find that the two cannot be made to agree whatever the form of TH. We conclude that such universal functions do not exist.

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Slip Length In A Dilute Gas, Alejandro Garcia, D. Morris, L. Hannon Jan 1992

Slip Length In A Dilute Gas, Alejandro Garcia, D. Morris, L. Hannon

Faculty Publications

We study the phenomenon of slip length using molecular dynamics and direct simulation Monte Carlo simulations of a dilute gas. Our work extends the range of Knudsen numbers that have been previously studied. In a recent paper, Bhattacharya and Lie [Phys. Rev. 43, 761 (1991)] suggest a logarithmic dependence of slip length on Knudsen number. By a simple redefinition of the mean free path, we obtain good agreement between simulation results and Maxwell theory for slip length. The anomalies seen by Bhattacharya and Lie appear to be due to their definition of the mean free path.

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Ultrahigh Vacuum Chamber For Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction From Films Adsorbed On Single-Crystal Surfaces, Jr Dennison, S. K. Wang, S. N. Ehrlich Jan 1992

Ultrahigh Vacuum Chamber For Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction From Films Adsorbed On Single-Crystal Surfaces, Jr Dennison, S. K. Wang, S. N. Ehrlich

Journal Articles

An ultrahigh vacuum chamber has been developed for structural analysis of adsorbed films and single-crystal surfaces using synchrotron x-ray diffraction. It is particularly well suited for investigations of physisorbed and other weakly bound films. The chamber is small enough to transport and mount directly on a standard four-axis diffractometer and can also be used independently of the x-ray diffractometer. A low-current, pulse-counting, low-energy electron diffraction/Auger spectroscopy system with a position-sensitive detector enables in situ characterization of the film and substrate while the sample is located at the x-ray scattering position. A closed-cycle He refrigerator and electron bombardment heater provide controlled …

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Translation Of 'Kamalakanta: A Collection Of Satirical Essays And Reflections', Monish Ranjan Chatterjee Jan 1992

Translation Of 'Kamalakanta: A Collection Of Satirical Essays And Reflections', Monish Ranjan Chatterjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This venture was born initially out of the desire to make those works of Bengali literature which have moved me profoundly, and which I consider first-rate by any yardstick, available to friends and fellow enthusiasts who cannot read the original. In attempting to channel literary and philosophical masterpieces into a different medium, I Have experienced firsthand the formidable challenge that a translator must face because not only of the barrier imposed by the languages involved, but perhaps more so because .of his or her own severely inadequate faculty being called upon to match both the genius and the inspiration of …

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Raman Scattering And Lattice-Dynamical Calculations Of Crystalline Kno3, H. M. Lu Jan 1992

Raman Scattering And Lattice-Dynamical Calculations Of Crystalline Kno3, H. M. Lu

John R. Hardy Papers

The Raman spectrum of a KNO3 single crystal was measured at both room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. Lattice-dynamical calculations, based on the rigid-ion approximation and empirical potentials, were performed. The possibility of a phase transition at 217 K was investigated by measuring the temperature dependence of the Raman spectrum.

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Extrapolation Procedures In Mott Electron Polarimetry, Timothy J. Gay, M. A. Khakoo, J. A. Brand, J. E. Furst, W. V. Meyer, W. M. K. P. Wijayaratna, F. B. Dunning Jan 1992

Extrapolation Procedures In Mott Electron Polarimetry, Timothy J. Gay, M. A. Khakoo, J. A. Brand, J. E. Furst, W. V. Meyer, W. M. K. P. Wijayaratna, F. B. Dunning

Timothy J. Gay Publications

In standard Mott electron polarimetry using thin gold film targets, extrapolation procedures must be used to reduce the experimentally measured asymmetries A to the values they would have for scattering from single atoms. These extrapolations involve the dependence of A on either the gold film thickness t or the maximum detected electron energy loss in the target ΔE. Using a concentric cylindrical-electrode Mott polarimeter, we have studied and compared these two types of extrapolations over the electron energy range 20-100 keV. The potential systematic errors which can result from such procedures are analyzed in detail, particularly with regard to the …

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Su(3) X Su(2) X U(1)Su(3): The Residual Symmetry Of Conformal Gravity, James Thomas Wheeler Jan 1992

Su(3) X Su(2) X U(1)Su(3): The Residual Symmetry Of Conformal Gravity, James Thomas Wheeler

All Physics Faculty Publications

SUe 4) x SU(2) is shown to characterize the possible choices of spacetime metric constructible from the gauge fields of the conformal group. When this symmetry is broken by the choice of metric, exactly the SU(3) x SU(2) x U(l) symmetry of the standard model remains. The conformal group consists of Lorentz transformations, translations, inverse translations and dilations. Treated in the standard way, conformal symmetry fails as a unifying gauge group: dilations make the mass spectrum continuous, and the inverse translational gauge field is auxiliary. The theory reduces back to the Poincare group.

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Analysis Of Experiments In Helium Microbeam Mixing, J B. Davis, R E. Benenson, David Peak Jan 1992

Analysis Of Experiments In Helium Microbeam Mixing, J B. Davis, R E. Benenson, David Peak

All Physics Faculty Publications

We have continued to investigate ion-beam mixing in bilay-er targets irradiated by 2-MeV He+ microbeams at room temperature. Although we have previously reported a linear dependence of interface width on dose for Cu/Al targets 1, more extensive results have not supported this conclusion, within statistical uncertainty, it appears that the interface width in Cu/Al (1) is proportional to the square root of dose, at constant dose rate, (2) is larger in Al than in Cu, for the same dose, (3) is proportional to the 1/4 power of dose rate, and (4) is absent at liquid nitrogen temperature. Calculations …

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Optical Rectification At Semiconductor Surfaces, Shun Lien Chuang, Stefan Schmitt-Rink, Benjamin I. Greene, Peter N. Saeta, Anthony F. J. Levi Jan 1992

Optical Rectification At Semiconductor Surfaces, Shun Lien Chuang, Stefan Schmitt-Rink, Benjamin I. Greene, Peter N. Saeta, Anthony F. J. Levi

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

We show that far-infrared radiation can be generated in the depletion field near semiconductor surfaces via the inverse Franz-Keldysh effect or electric-field-induced optical rectification. This mechanism is conceptually different from those previously proposed and accounts for many recent experimental observations.

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Fractal Character Of Two-Dimensional Fluid Mixing At Both Continuum And Atomic Levels, H. Z. Cao, John R. Hardy, R. W. Douglass, P. T. Dawkins, Steven Dunbar Jan 1992

Fractal Character Of Two-Dimensional Fluid Mixing At Both Continuum And Atomic Levels, H. Z. Cao, John R. Hardy, R. W. Douglass, P. T. Dawkins, Steven Dunbar

John R. Hardy Papers

Studies in two dimensions have been made of the evolution of an initially linear interface between two liquid areas by both continuum hydrodynamics and molecular dynamics. It was found that at both levels the interface evolves into a fractal curve. While the limiting fractal dimensionalities (D) of the continuum and molecular interfaces differ, this difference is no greater than that that can be induced in the hydrodynamic results by marked changes in the initial conditions and/or fluid parameters. There is, however, a marked qualitative difference in the initial values of D. This is discussed and shown to …

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Raman Scattering And Lattice-Dynamical Calculations Of Crystalline Kno3, D. Liu, F. G. Ullman, John R. Hardy Jan 1992

Raman Scattering And Lattice-Dynamical Calculations Of Crystalline Kno3, D. Liu, F. G. Ullman, John R. Hardy

John R. Hardy Papers

The Raman spectrum of a KNO3 single crystal was measured at both room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. Lattice-dynamical calculations, based on the rigid-ion approximation and empirical potentials, were performed. The possibility of a phase transition at 217 K was investigated by measuring the temperature dependence of the Raman spectrum.

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Production Of A High-Density State-Selected Metastable Neon Beam, J. A. Brand, J. E. Furst, Timothy J. Gay, L. D. Shearer Jan 1992

Production Of A High-Density State-Selected Metastable Neon Beam, J. A. Brand, J. E. Furst, Timothy J. Gay, L. D. Shearer

Timothy J. Gay Publications

We have developed a high-density source of metastable neon and have selectively quenched both metastable species using a standing-wave dye laser. The source is compact, stable, and produces an average intensity of 3.6 x 1014 sr -1 s -1 and a density on target of 7.7 x 106 cm-3.

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Measuring Airborne Alpha Radioactivity, Greg Taft Jan 1992

Measuring Airborne Alpha Radioactivity, Greg Taft

Honors Theses, 1963-2015

This project develops alpha spectroscopy to measure the airborne concentrations of attached and unattached radon progeny. The system is designed and constructed to be used in homes, thus is portable, fast, and easy to use.

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Multicriticality, Scaling Operators And Mkdv Flows For The Symmetric Unitary One Matrix Models, Konstantinos N. Anagnostopoulos, Mark Bowick Jan 1992

Multicriticality, Scaling Operators And Mkdv Flows For The Symmetric Unitary One Matrix Models, Konstantinos N. Anagnostopoulos, Mark Bowick

Physics - All Scholarship

We present a review of the Symmetric Unitary One Matrix Models. In particular we compute the scaling operators in the double scaling limit and the corresponding mKdV flows. We briefly discuss the computation of the space of solutions to the string equation as a subspace of Gr (0) \Theta Gr (0) which is invariant under the mKdV flows.

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Covariant Phase Space Formulation Of Parametrized Field Theories, Charles G. Torre Jan 1992

Covariant Phase Space Formulation Of Parametrized Field Theories, Charles G. Torre

All Physics Faculty Publications

Parametrized field theories, which are generally covariant versions of ordinary field theories, are studied from the point of view of the covariant phase space: the space of solutions of the field equations equipped with a canonical (pre)symplectic structure. Motivated by issues arising in general relativity, we focus on phase space representations of the space‐time diffeomorphism group, construction of observables, and the relationship between the canonical and covariant phase spaces.

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Is General Relativity An "Already Parametrized" Theory?, Charles G. Torre Jan 1992

Is General Relativity An "Already Parametrized" Theory?, Charles G. Torre

All Physics Faculty Publications

Beginning with the work of Dirac and of Arnowitt, Deser, and Misner in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and then after subsequent development by Kuchař, the canonical dynamical structure of general relativity has often been viewed as that of a parametrized field theory in which the many-fingered spacetime variables are hidden among the geometrodynamical field variables. This paradigm of general relativity as an "already parametrized" theory forms the basis for one of the most satisfactory resolutions of the problems of time and observables in classical and quantum gravity. However, despite decades of effort, no identification of many-fingered spacetime variables …

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Fragmentation Of Percolation Clusters At The Percolation Threshold, M. F. Gyure, Boyd F. Edwards Jan 1992

Fragmentation Of Percolation Clusters At The Percolation Threshold, M. F. Gyure, Boyd F. Edwards

All Physics Faculty Publications

A scaling theory and simulation results are presented for fragmentation of percolation clusters by random bond dilution. At the percolation threshold, scaling forms describe the average number of fragmenting bonds and the distribution of cluster masses produced by fragmentation. A relationship between the scaling exponents and standard percolation exponents is verified in one dimension, on the Bethe lattice, and for Monte Carlo simulations on a square lattice. These results further describe the structure of percolation clusters and provide kernels relevant to rate equations for fragmentation.

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Ionospheric Simulation Compared With Dynamics Explorer Observations For November 22, 1981, Jan Josef Sojka, M. D. Bowline, Robert W. Schunk, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, J. R. Sharber, J. D. Winningham, L. H. Brace Jan 1992

Ionospheric Simulation Compared With Dynamics Explorer Observations For November 22, 1981, Jan Josef Sojka, M. D. Bowline, Robert W. Schunk, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, J. R. Sharber, J. D. Winningham, L. H. Brace

All Physics Faculty Publications

Dynamics Explorer (DE) 2 electric field and particle data have been used to constrain the inputs of a time-dependent ionospheric model (TDIM) for a simulation of the ionosphere on November 22, 1981. The simulated densities have then been critically compared with the DE 2 electron density observations. This comparison uncovers a model-data disagreement in the morning sector trough, generally good agreement of the background density in the polar cap and evening sector trough, and a difficulty in modelling the observed polar F layer patches. From this comparison, the consequences of structure in the electric field and precipitation inputs can be …

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