Digital Commons Network^™

Compton Scattering Of Mammographic Soft X-Ray Beams By Alkali And Transition Metal Salt Filters Produce X-Ray Interference Zones That May Have Treatment Potential For Localized Cancer Lesions, Subhendra N. Sarkar, Eric Lobel, Sabina Rakhmatova, Derbie Desir, Somdat Kissoon, Daler Djuraev, Katie Tam

Publications and Research

In breast x-ray imaging scattered radiation adds 50% of harmful radiation dose from anisotropic Compton scattering mechanism. We have been working with double layered inorganic salt materials that can induce Compton scattering to the incident mammographic x ray beams (in 20-30 kVp range) with adequate isotropy (angular control). Typically metal nitrates and alkali halide salt layers are shown here to cause low energy radiation interference zones with high and low photon intensities and local flux heterogeneity in terms of flux covariance. Spatial variation of low energy photon flux creates concentrated and sparse radiation zones that may be used to induce …

Effects Of Electron Beam Irradiation On Crmnv And Crmntiv High Entropy Alloys: Nano-Mechanical, Structural, And Thermodynamic Perspectives, N. A. Sultana, Y. S. Mohammed, S. J. Pendleton, J. Vennekate, G. Ciovati, X. Li, H. Baumgart, A. A. Elmustafa

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Beam exit windows are crucial components of any particle accelerator as they provide an interface between the beamline vacuum and target material at atmospheric media. For high beam power machines, special materials and designs are required to withstand high radiation and mechanical loads, while minimizing energy loss during transition and maximizing window lifetime. This research investigates the impact of electron beam exposure to bulk CrMnV and CrMnTiV high entropy alloys (HEAs) with the primary goal of identifying suitable candidate materials for the design of robust and durable exit window settings. The selection criteria include intrinsic characteristics, power dissipation, and mechanical …

Updating Nuclear Recoil Models In The Noble Element Simulation Technique For The Lux-Zeplin Experiment, Ryan J. Mcmonigle

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

There is a substantial amount of evidence that a majority of the mass in the universe is comprised of a non-luminous substance, given the name dark matter. Many candidates have been theorized as the solution to the dark matter mystery, with the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) being a favorable candidate. WIMPs may be detectable via interactions with nucleons, a method known as direct detection. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment is a xenon-based dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC), that specializes in searching for WIMP-nucleon interactions. TPCs are used to reconstruct event information using scintillation and ionization, which are products of interactions …

Light Curve And Hardness Tests For Millilensing In Grb 950830, Grb 090717a, And Grb 200716c, Oindabi Mukherjee, Robert J. Nemiroff

Michigan Tech Publications

Two different temporal sections of a single gamma-ray burst (GRB) must be statistically similar to show an internal gravitational lensing signature. Here, two straightforward gravitational lensing tests are defined and applied: a light curve similarity test and a hardness similarity test. Gravitational millilensing has been claimed to be detected within several individual GRBs that contain two emission episodes separated by a time-delay. However, our analyses indicate that none of those claims satisfy both tests. The hardness similarity test performed on GRB 950830 and GRB 090717A found that the ratio between the second and the first emission episodes in each energy …

In Vivo Measurement Of Nadh Fluorescence Lifetime In Skeletal Muscle Via Fiber-Coupled Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting, Kathryn M. Priest, Jacob V. Schluns, Nathania Nischal, Colton L. Gattis, Jeffery C. Wolchok, Timothy J. Muldoon

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). NADH is autofluorescent, and its fluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living cells. Fiber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo, enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue regeneration. This study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based, minimally-invasive NADH fluorescence lifetime measurement in vivo. Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries were …

Disaggregating Longer-Term Trends From Seasonal Variations In Measured Pv System Performance, Chibuisi Chinasaokwu Okorieimoh, Brian Norton, Michael Conlon

Articles

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are widely adopted for renewable energy generation, but their performance is influenced by complex interactions between longer-term trends and seasonal variations. This study aims to remove these factors and provide valuable insights for optimising PV system operation. We employ comprehensive datasets of measured PV system performance over five years, focusing on identifying the distinct contributions of longer-term trends and seasonal effects. To achieve this, we develop a novel analytical framework that combines time series and statistical analytical techniques. By applying this framework to the extensive performance data, we successfully break down the overall PV system output into …

Counting Linearly Polarized Gluons With Lattice Qcd, Shuai Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

We outline an approach to calculate the transverse-momentum-dependent distribution of linearly polarized gluons inside an unpolarized hadron on the lattice with the help of large momentum effective theory. To achieve this purpose, we propose calculating a Euclidean version of the degree of polarization for a fast-moving hadron on the lattice, which is ultraviolet finite, and no soft function subtraction is needed. It indicates a practical way to explore the distribution of the linearly polarized gluons in a proton and the linearly polarized gluon effects in hadron collisions on the lattice.

Magneto-Thermal Limitations In Superconducting Cavities At High Radio-Frequency Fields, I. Parajuli, G. Ciovati, A. Gurevich

Physics Faculty Publications

The performance of superconducting radio-frequency Nb cavities at high radio-frequency (rf) fields in the absence of field emission can be limited by either a sharp decrease of the quality factor Q₀(B_p) above peak surface magnetic fields B_p ∼100 mT or by a quench. We have measured Q₀(B_p) at 2 K of several 1.3 GHz single-cell Nb cavities with different grain sizes, and with different ambient magnetic fields and cooldown rates below the critical temperature. Temperature mapping and a novel magnetic field mapping systems were used to find the location of “hot-spots” …

A Compton Transmission Polarimeter For Dc And Srf Electron Photo-Injectors, G. Blume, M. Bruker, C. Cuevas, H. Dong, Benjamin Fernandes Neres, P. Ghoshal, S. Gopinath, J. Grames, S. Gregory, G. Hays, C. Le Galliard, Sylvain Marsillac, B. Moffit, Thi Nguyen Trung, M. Poelker, R. Suleiman, E. Voutier, S. Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

A polarimeter was constructed to measure the longitudinal polarization of a spin-polarized electron beam at 5 and 7 MeV. The polarimeter takes advantage of Compton scattering between circularly polarized bremsstrahlung photons produced by a longitudinally polarized electron beam striking a copper radiator and the spin-polarized electrons orbiting the iron atoms of an analyzing magnet. This so-called Compton transmission polarimeter is compact and relatively inexpensive compared to Mott-scattering polarimeters because no spin manipulator is required. This work presents the design of the radiator, analyzing magnet, photon detector assembly, and data acquisition system of the Compton transmission polarimeter as well as beam …

A = 3(E,E') 𝑥B ≥ 1 Cross-Section Ratios And The Isospin Structure Of Short-Range Correlations, A. Schmidt, A. W. Denniston, E. M. Seroka, N. Barnea, D. W. Higinbotham, I. Korover, G. A. Miller, E. Piasetzky, M. Strikman, L. B. Weinstein, R. Weiss, O. Hen

Physics Faculty Publications

We study the relation between measured high-𝑥_𝐵, high-𝑄², helium-3 to tritium, (𝑒,𝑒′) inclusive-scattering cross-section ratios and the relative abundance of high-momentum neutron-proton (𝑛⁢𝑝) and proton-proton (𝑝⁢𝑝) short-range correlated nucleon pairs in three-body (𝐴=3) nuclei. Analysis of these data using a simple pair-counting cross-section model suggested a much smaller 𝑛⁢𝑝/𝑝⁢𝑝 ratio than previously measured in heavier nuclei, questioning our understanding of 𝐴 = 3 nuclei and, by extension, all other nuclei. Here, we examine this finding using spectral-function-based cross-section calculations, with both an ab initio 𝐴 = 3 spectral function and effective generalized contact formalism spectral functions …

Field, Frequency, And Temperature Dependencies Of The Surface Resistance Of Nitrogen Diffused Niobium Superconducting Radio Frequency Cavities, P. Dhakal, B. D. Khanal, A. Gurevich, G. Ciovati

Physics Faculty Publications

We investigate the rf performance of several single-cell superconducting radio-frequency cavities subjected to low temperature heat treatment in nitrogen environment. The cavities were treated at temperature 120–165 °C for an extended period of time (24–48 h) either in high vacuum or in a low partial pressure of ultrapure nitrogen. The improvement in 𝑄0 with a 𝑄 rise was observed when nitrogen gas was injected at ∼300 °C during the cavity cooldown from 800 °C and held at 165 °C, without any degradation in accelerating gradient over the baseline performance. The treatment was applied to several elliptical cavities with frequency ranging …

Phenomenology Of Tmd Parton Distributions In Drell-Yan And Z⁰ Boson Production In A Hadron Structure Oriented Approach, F. Aslan, M. Boglione, J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez, T. Rainaldi, T. C. Rogers, A. Simonelli

Physics Faculty Publications

We present a first practical implementation of a recently proposed hadron structure oriented (HSO) approach to transverse momentum dependent (TMD) phenomenology applied to Drell-Yan-like processes, including lepton pair production at moderate Q² and Z⁰ boson production. We compare and contrast general features of our methodology with other common practices and emphasize aspects that we view as improvements. Separately, we discuss the importance of treatments that preserve various theoretical properties of the nonperturbative parts of TMD parametrizations for future applications that have the extraction of hadron structure as a primary goal. These include the HSO’s preservation of a basic TMD parton-model-like …

Coulomb Confinement In The Hamiltonian Limit, Sebastian M. Dawid, Wyatt A. Smith, Arkaitz Rodas, Robert J. Perry, César Fernández-Ramírez, Eric S. Swanson, Adam P. Szczepaniak

Physics Faculty Publications

The Gribov-Zwanziger scenario attributes the phenomenon of confinement to the instantaneous interaction term in the QCD Hamiltonian in the Coulomb gauge. For a static quark-antiquark pair, it leads to a potential energy that increases linearly with the distance between them. Lattice studies of the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory determined the corresponding (Coulomb) string tension for sources in the fundamental representation, 𝜎_𝐶, to be about 3 times larger than the Wilson loop string tension, 𝜎_𝐹. It is far above the Zwanziger variational bound, 𝜎_𝐶 ≥𝜎_𝐹. We argue that the value often reported in the literature …

Toward A Unified Description Of Hadron Scattering At All Energies, D. Stamen, D. Winney, A. Rodas, C. Fernandez-Ramirez, V. Mathieu, G. Montaña, A. Pilloni, A. P. Szczepaniak

Physics Faculty Publications

The construction of general amplitudes satisfying symmetries and 𝑆-matrix constraints has been the primary tool in studying the spectrum of hadrons for over half a century. In this work, we present a new parametrization, which can fulfill many expectations of 𝑆-matrix and Regge theory and connects the essential physics of hadron scattering in the resonance region and in asymptotic limits. In this construction, dynamical information is entirely contained in Regge trajectories that generalize resonance poles in the complex energy plane to moving poles in the angular momentum plane. We highlight the salient features of the model, compare with existing literature …

Hamiltonian Models For The Propagation Of Long Gravity Waves, Higher-Order Kdv-Type Equations And Integrability, Rossen Ivanov

Book chapter/book

A single incompressible, inviscid, irrotational fluid medium bounded above by a free surface is considered. The Hamiltonian of the system is expressed in terms of the so-called Dirichlet-Neumann operators. The equations for the surface waves are presented in Hamiltonian form. Specific scaling of the variables is selected which leads to a KdV approximation with higher order nonlinearities and dispersion (higher-order KdV-type equation, or HKdV). The HKdV is related to the known integrable PDEs with an explicit nonlinear and nonlocal transformation.

Spectroscopic Serology For The Quantitative Screening Of Carotenoid Compounds In Human Blood – Correlation With Clinical Macular Pigment Factors, Joy Udensi

Doctoral

Carotenoids represent a wide range of naturally occurring pigmented compounds with an obvious presence in many plants and some animals. They constitute an important component of the human diet and have been widely recognised for their antioxidant and vision protection advantages.

Snow Spheres And Ice Cubes: Solutions For Fermi Questions, February 2024, John Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Weighty Words Of Lord Rayleigh: Solutions For Fermi Questions, January 2024, John Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Sky Smiley Face, John Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

The article discusses the formation of a circumzenithal arc (CZA) in the sky, caused by specific light ray paths through hexagonal ice crystals in cirrus clouds. The CZA is visible when the Sun's altitude is about 32° or less. The text includes questions for readers to explore the physics behind the formation of CZAs and circumhorizontal arcs (CHAs). The author acknowledges photographers for providing images and invites readers to find answers online.

Electromagnetic Fields And Radiation From Localized Current Source Interacting With A Cosmic Axion Field In The Context Of Massive Axion Electrodynamics, Railing Chang, P. T. Leung

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Electromagnetic fields from localized current source interacting with an oscillatory cosmic axion field are studied, accounting for the possibility of a finite photon mass. In particular, focus will be on the dipole radiation from static current sources. The Proca theory is generalized to include the axion field and solutions to the modified EM field equations are obtained to first order in the axion coupling parameter. Analysis of the interplay between the two vanishingly small parameters – the axion mass (via the coupling constant and the oscillating frequency) and the photon mass – is carried out with reference to possible future …

Revisiting The Divergent Multipole Expansion Of Atom-Surface Interactions: Hydrogen And Positronium, Α -Quartz, And Physisorption, Ulrich D. Jentschura

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We revisit the derivation of multipole contributions to the atom-wall interaction previously presented in Łach et al. [G. Łach, M. DeKieviet, and U. D. Jentschura, Phys. Rev. A 81, 052507 (2010)10.1103/PhysRevA.81.052507]. A careful reconsideration of the angular momentum decomposition of the second-, third-, and fourth-rank tensors composed of the derivatives of the electric-field modes leads to a modification for the results for the quadrupole, octupole, and hexadecupole contributions to the atom-wall interaction. Asymptotic results are given for the asymptotic long-range forms of the multipole terms, in both the short-range and long-range limits. Calculations are carried out for hydrogen and positronium …

Two-Center And Path Interference In Dissociative Capture In P+ H2 Collisions, S. Bastola, M. Dhital, B. Lamichhane, A. Silvus, R. Lomsadze, A. Hasan, A. Igarashi, Michael Schulz

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We have measured and calculated fully differential cross sections (FDCS) for dissociative capture in 75-keV p+H2 collisions. FDCS were analyzed in the kinetic energy release (KER) ranges 0 to 2.1 eV and 4 to 7 eV for two different molecular orientations. In the latter range, dissociation is dominated by electronic excitation to the 2pπu state. Here, we observed two-center interference for an orientation in the plane perpendicular to the initial beam axis and parallel to the transverse momentum transfer. The interference pattern is afflicted with a constant phase shift of π. In the range KER=0 to 2.1 eV, dissociation is …

Spectrum And Quench-Induced Dynamics Of Spin-Orbit-Coupled Quantum Droplets, Sonali Gangwar, Rajamanickam Ravisankar, S. (Simeon) I. Mistakidis, Paulsamy Muruganandam, Pankaj Kumar Mishra

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We investigate the ground state and dynamics of one-dimensional spin-orbit coupled (SOC) quantum droplets within the extended Gross-Pitaevskii approach. As the SOC wave number increases, stripe droplet patterns emerge, with a flat-top background, for larger particle numbers. The surface energy decays following a power-law with respect to the interactions. At small SOC wave numbers, a transition from Gaussian to flat-top droplets occurs for either a larger number of atoms or reduced intercomponent attraction. The excitation spectrum shows that droplets for relatively small SOC wave numbers are stable, otherwise stripe droplets feature instabilities as a function of the particle number or …

Charged Track Reconstruction With Artificial Intelligence For Clas12, Gagik Gavalian, Polykarpos Thomadakis, Angelos Angelopoulos, Nikos Chrisochoides

Computer Science Faculty Publications

In this paper, we present the results of charged particle track reconstruction in CLAS12 using artificial intelligence. In our approach, we use neural networks working together to identify tracks based on the raw signals in the Drift Chambers. A Convolutional Auto-Encoder is used to de-noise raw data by removing the hits that do not satisfy the patterns for tracks, and second Multi-Layer Perceptron is used to identify tracks from combinations of clusters in the drift chambers. Our method increases the tracking efficiency by 50% for multi-particle final states already conducted experiments. The de-noising results indicate that future experiments can run …

Artificial Intelligence For The Electron Ion Collider (Ai4eic), C. Allaire, R. Ammendola, E.-C. Aschenauer, M. Balandat, M. Battaglieri, J. Bernauer, M. Bondì, N. Branson, T. Britton, A. Butter, I. Chahrour, P. Chatagnon, E. Cisbani, E. W. Cline, S. Dash, C. Dean, W. Deconinck, A. Deshpande, M. Diefenthaler, R. Ent, C. Fanelli, M. Finger, M. Finger Jr., E. Fol, S. Furletov, Y. Gao, J. Giroux, N. C. Gunawardhana Waduge, O. Hassan, P. L. Hegde, R. J. Hernandez-Pinto, A. Hiller Blin, T. Horn, J. Huang, A. Jalotra, D. Jayakodige, B. Joo, M. Junaid, N. Kalantarians, P. Karande, B. Kriesten, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Y. Li, M. Lin, F. Liu, S. Liuti, G. Matousek, M. Mceneaney, D. Mcspadden, T. Menzo, T. Miceli, V. Mikuni, R. Montgomery, B. Nachman, R. R. Nair, J. Niestroy, S. A. Ochoa Oregon, J. Oleniacz, J. D. Osborn, C. Paudel, C. Pecar, C. Peng, G. N. Perdue, W. Phelps, M. L. Purschke, H. Rajendran, K. Rajput, Y. Ren, D. F. Renteria-Estrada, D. Richford, B. J. Roy, D. Roy, A. Saini, N. Sato, T. Satogata, G. Sborlini, M. Schram, D. Shih, J. Singh, R. Singh, A. Siodmok, J. Stevens, P. Stone, L. Suarez, K. Suresh, A. -N. Tawfik, F. Torales Acosta, N. Tran, R. Trotta, F. J. Twagirayezu, R. Tyson, S. Volkova, A. Vossen, E. Walter, D. Whiteson, M. Williams, S. Wu, N. Zachariou, P. Zurita

Computer Science Faculty Publications

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a state-of-the-art facility for studying the strong force, is expected to begin commissioning its first experiments in 2028. This is an opportune time for artificial intelligence (AI) to be included from the start at this facility and in all phases that lead up to the experiments. The second annual workshop organized by the AI4EIC working group, which recently took place, centered on exploring all current and prospective application areas of AI for the EIC. This workshop is not only beneficial for the EIC, but also provides valuable insights for the newly established ePIC collaboration at EIC. …

Characterization Of Nasa Cold Atom Laboratory Potentials Using Variational Techniques, Samuel O. Oni

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In a recent atom-interferometry (AI) experiment, conducted aboard the NASA Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL) deployed to the International Space Station (ISS), a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) was formed too near to the atom chip wall for the AI experiment to be carried out. To fix this the experimentalists tuned the CAL external magnetic field and atom-chip currents so as to move the BEC away from the atom-chip wall. They then planned to turn the trap off and allow it to expand in place (since there is no gravity on the ISS) in preparation for the AI experiment. Unfortunately, when the trap …

A Simple, Inexpensive Alkaline Method For Bacterial Dna Extraction From Environmental Samples For Pcr Surveillance And Microbiome Analyses, Abdulkarim Shwani, Bin Zuo, Adnan Alrubaye, Jiangchao Zhao, Douglas D. Rhoads

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

DNA extraction for downstream molecular diagnostic applications can be an expensive, time-consuming process. We devised a method to quickly extract total bacterial DNA from environmental samples based on the sodium hydroxide lysis of cells with or without capture by magnetic beads for subsequent PCR or quantitative PCR. The final DNA extraction method using NaOH is extremely low-cost and can be completed in as little as 10 min at room temperature with dilution, or the DNA can be further purified using silica-coated paramagnetic beads. NaOH extraction was effective for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in samples from air, soil, sewage, food, laboratory …

X-Ray Absorption And Related Studies In Superconducting Devices And Magnetic Thin Films, Ghadendra Bahadur Bhandari

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Superconducting and magnetic thin films are commonly used in sensors for analytical detectors, especially those that operate at very low temperatures, often below 1 Kelvin. These highly sensitive detectors, capable of functioning across a broad range of wavelengths, have garnered significant interest in scientific research. The focus of this thesis is to address a material challenge associated with an emerging technology known as microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs). The research involves the study of Al/Si and Al-Mn/Si-based thin films, as well as an investigation into the magnetic properties of LaMnO₃ thin films. LaMnO₃, a perovskite thin film that plays a …

Experimental Verification And Time-Resolved Bispectral Analysis Of Nonlinear Coupling In The Toroidicity-Induced Alfv´En Eigenmode Spectrum, Gregory Allen Riggs

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In magnetically-confined fusion devices, the toroidicity-induced Alfv´en eigenmode (TAE) is a well-studied, weakly stable solution of the linearized ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. Due to intrinsic coupling of poloidal harmonics of the shear Alfv´en wave (SAW) in toroidal geometry, the rotational transform of magnetic field lines modulates the effective index of refraction, ensuring gaps in the so-called “Alfv´en continuum.” Experimental verification of theoretical predictions for various parameters of interest (i.e., frequency, mode structure, instability threshold, etc.) is established in the literature.

We present the first systematic study of TAE-TAE phase coherence in an experimental device, using the DIII-D tokamak. Crucially, nonlinear …

Direct Measurement Of Microwave Loss In Nb Films For Superconducting Qubits, B. Abdisatarov, D. Bafia, A. Murthy, G. Eremeev, H. E. Elsayed-Ali, J. Lee, A. Netepenko, C. P. A. Carlos, S. Leith, G. J. Rosaz, A. Romanenko, A. Grassellino

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Niobium films are a key component in modern two-dimensional superconducting qubits, yet their contribution to the total qubit decay rate is not fully understood. The presence of different layers of materials and interfaces makes it difficult to identify the dominant loss channels in present two-dimensional qubit designs. In this paper, we present the study that directly correlates measurements of RF losses in such films to material parameters by investigating a high-power impulse magnetron sputtered (HiPIMS) film atop a three-dimensional niobium superconducting radio frequency (SRF) resonator. By using a 3D SRF structure, we are able to isolate the niobium film loss …