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Inclusive Reactions From Finite Minkowski Spacetime Correlation Functions, Marco A. Carrillo, Raúl A. Briceño, Alexandru M. Sturzu

Physics Faculty Publications

The need to determine scattering amplitudes of few-hadron systems for arbitrary kinematics expands a broad set of subfields of modern-day nuclear and hadronic physics. In this work, we expand upon previous explorations on the use of real-time methods, like quantum computing or tensor networks, to determine few-body scattering amplitudes. Such calculations must be performed in a finite Minkowski spacetime, where scattering amplitudes are not well defined. Our previous work presented a conjecture of a systematically improvable estimator for scattering amplitudes constructed from finite-volume correlation functions. Here we provide further evidence that the prescription works for larger kinematic regions than previously …

Revisiting Gauge Invariance And Reggeization Of Pion Exchange, Glòria Montaña, Daniel Winney, Łukasz Bibrzycki, César Fernández-Ramirez, Giorgio Foti, Nadine Hammoud, Vincent Mathieu, Robert J. Perry, Alessandro Pilloni, Arkaitz Rodas, Vanamali Shastry, Wyatt A. Smith, Adam P. Szczepaniak

Physics Faculty Publications

The Reggeized pion is expected to provide the main contribution to the forward cross section in light meson photoproduction reactions with charge exchange at high energies. We discuss the Reggeization of pion exchange in charged pion photoproduction with an emphasis on consistency with current conservation. We show that the gauge-invariant amplitude for the exchange of a particle with a generic even spin J ≥ 2 in the t channel is analytic at J = 0 and that it can be interpreted in terms of the nucleon electric current. This enables us to reconcile the dynamics in the s and u …

Particle Accelerator Spin-Transparent Storage Rings For Beyond State-Of-The-Art Science, R. Suleiman, Y. Derbenev, M. Grau, V. Morozov

Physics Faculty Publications

We will describe spin-transparent storage rings that exhibit spin-coherence times of several hours and store a large number of particles and their use in novel applications. For example, these rings can be used to directly measure the electric dipole moment of the electron, relevant to CP violation and matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe, and to search for dark energy and ultra-light dark matter*. These rings can also serve as a compelling platform for quantum computing. In this presentation, we will describe how spin-transparent rings can be used in conjunction with ion traps to enhance scalability and increase quantum coherence times …

Robust Inverse Parameter Fitting Of Thermal Properties From The Laser-Based Angstrom Method In The Presence Of Measurement Noise Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (Pinns), Shanmukhi Sripada, Aalok U. Gaitonde, Justin A. Weibel, Amy M. Marconnet

CTRC Research Publications

The two-dimensional laser-based Ångstrom method measures the in-plane thermal properties for anisotropic film-like materials. It involves periodic laser heating at the center of a suspended film sample and records its transient thermal response by infrared imaging. These spatiotemporal temperature data must be analyzed to extract the unknown thermal conductivity values in the orthotropic directions, an inverse parameter fitting problem. Previous demonstration of the metrology technique used a least-squares fitting method that relies on numerical differentiation to evaluate the second-order partial derivatives in the differential equation describing transient conduction in the physical system. This fitting approach is susceptible to measurement noise, …

Design And Performance Of Superconducting Switches For Nanowire Detectors In Magnetic Fields, Timothy James Draher

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Superconducting nanowire devices fit a broad spectrum of applications, including particle detection and quantum computing, and their expanding use across various fields highlights their role in the hybridization of superconducting and conventional semiconductor electronics. Despite their potential, the low signal output of these devices raises challenges in scalability and integration, particularly in applications for nuclear and high-energy physics, where resilience in magnetic fields is becoming a critical optimization factor. The superconducting nanowire cryotron (nTron) addresses these issues by providing operational gain and logic switching in superconducting nanowire circuits, demonstrating adaptability to multiple materials. This dissertation focuses on modifying the conventional …

Gan Hemt And Air Core Magnetics Based Power Converters Evaluations At Cryogenic Temperature, Yuqi Wei, Md Maksudul Hossain, H. Alan Mantooth

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Cryogenic power electronics is both advantageous and indispensable in many applications, like deep space probe, military electric vehicle, magnetic resonance imaging etc. Among different semiconductors, the gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is the most promising candidate for cryogenic applications with significant conduction loss and switching loss reductions. Moreover, there is no carrier freeze out effect for the GaN HEMTs, which is applicable in extreme low temperature operating conditions. In this work, the efficiency of GaN HEMTs based power converters with different power levels (from several Watts to several kiloWatts) are evaluated at cryogenic temperature. Three different commercial …

Higher-Derivative Quantum Field Theory And Its Implications For Hawking Radiation And Nonlocality, Gordon Kanan

Physics Dissertations - Archive

One of the fundamental equations of quantum field theory is the Klein-Gordon equation which can be constructed using irreducible representations of the Poincar ́e group and describes the dynamics of spin-0 matter. The higher derivative Klein- Gordon equations are also constructed using irreducible representations of the Poincar ́e group and are, thus, invariant under operations of this group. These higher derivative Klein-Gordon equations can be placed into two series depending on the power of the derivative, one for odd powers of the derivative and one for even powers, whose solu- tions yield timelike and spacelike fields. Applying these higher derivative …

Photoluminescence Of Beryllium-Related Defects In Gallium Nitride, Mykhailo Vorobiov, Mykhailo Vorobiov

Theses and Dissertations

This study explores the potential of beryllium (Be) as an alternative dopant to magnesium (Mg) for achieving higher hole concentrations in gallium nitride (GaN). Despite Mg prominence as an acceptor in optoelectronic and high-power devices, its deep acceptor level at 0.22 eV above the valence band limits its effectiveness. By examining Be, this research aims to pave the way to overcoming these limitations and extend the findings to aluminum nitride and aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) alloy. Key contributions of this work include. i)Identification of three Be-related luminescence bands in GaN through photoluminescence spectroscopy, improving the understanding needed for further material …

Cross-Layer Design Of Highly Scalable And Energy-Efficient Ai Accelerator Systems Using Photonic Integrated Circuits, Sairam Sri Vatsavai

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has experienced remarkable success in recent years, solving complex computational problems across various domains, including computer vision, natural language processing, and pattern recognition. Much of this success can be attributed to the advancements in deep learning algorithms and models, particularly Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). In recent times, deep ANNs have achieved unprecedented levels of accuracy, surpassing human capabilities in some cases. However, these deep ANN models come at a significant computational cost, with billions to trillions of parameters. Recent trends indicate that the number of parameters per ANN model will continue to grow exponentially in the foreseeable …

Enhance Students’ Learning Outcomes By Redesigning Individual Learning Activities Into Group Activities For Introductory Level Physics Courses, Kalani Hettiarachchilage, Neel Haldolaarachchige

Publications and Research

The evolution of science education is a dynamic process driven by advances in pedagogy, technology, and especially, our understanding of how students learn. Educators are exploring innovative teaching and learning methodologies such as active learning, incorporated technology, interdisciplinary approaches, flipped classrooms, personalized teaching, and many more. The goal of all these evolving methodologies is to empower students with not only a strong foundation in scientific knowledge but also with the skills and mindset required to thrive in the future world. By adopting these innovative approaches, educators can help students become effective problem solvers, critical thinkers, and life-learning citizens. Our focus …

The Oral-Microbiome-Brain Axis: A Thorough Review On The Relationship Between Periodontitis And Alzheimer’S Disease And A Proposed Innovative Application Of Biomagnetism As A Means Of Alternative Therapy., Taha Al Hassan, Noah Al-Hassan, Maria Quiñones-Peña, Juan Lopez-Alvarenga, Seratna Guadarrama-Beltran

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

The relationship between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has garnered significant attention due to the potential influence of chronic oral inflammation on neurodegenerative processes. Our hypothesis is supported by the oral-microbiome-brain axis and highlights the possibility that chronic periodontitis contributes to cognitive decline by promoting systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, mediated by specific pathogenic microorganisms within the oral microbiome. Our findings reveal a strong association between elevated levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola, red complex bacteria, and markers of systemic inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally studies have demonstrated that beta amyloid plaque in rat …

Scattering Of Electromagnetic Radiation By Bianisotropic Spheres, Maxwell A. Wallace

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Modern developments in materials science have led to the increased demand for the ability to control electromagnetic radiation at scales smaller than ever. One of the most important areas of research for controlling the manipulation of electromagnetic radiation, has been the studying of novel optical metamaterials, including the most general and complex form, bianisotropic metamaterials (BAMs). With modern developments in nano- engineering, paired with the advancement of more robust theoretical studies of BAMs, the demand for more novel BAM technologies has increased. With the advent of research of unbounded BAM media, as well as the recent extensions of Mie theory …

Optimizing Deep Inspiration Breath Hold Technique For Personalized Breast Cancer Radiotherapy, Srinidhi Rajagopalan

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research is entrenched in advancing the practice of 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D CRT) for breast cancer patients by meticulously evaluating the impact of different Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) techniques on dosimetric parameters. This study aims to ascertain the quantitative benefits of varied breathing techniques, primarily focusing on the 'Ultimate DIBH' method's efficacy in sparing critical organs such as the heart and lungs.

The comprehensive analysis of different DIBH techniques in this research is not merely an academic exercise but is geared towards substantiating the hypothesized advantages of these techniques with empirical data. By generating …

Mathematical Analysis Of Eukaryotic Pericentromere, Puranjan Ghimire

Theses and Dissertations

The centromere is crucial for chromosomal stability and their proper segregation during cell division in eukaryotes. Surrounding the centromere are pericentromeres, made of repetitive DNA elements called pericentromeric repeats, varying from 10 in fission yeast to thousands in humans. These repeats form densely packed heterochromatin, where genes are usually silenced. The silencing mechanism across different pericentromeric repeats remains unclear.

Despite variations in sequence and length, pericentromeric repeats are conserved across eukaryotes, indicating their functional importance. This dissertation presents mathematical models to quantify gene silencing in fission yeast and humans. In fission yeast, my model predicts that silencing occurs only with …

A Closer Look At The Fabrication Of Some Doped Metal Ions In Borophosphate Glass System And Their Structural, Elastic, Optical, And Gamma-Ray Shielding Characteristics, Elsayed Salama, W. M. Abd-Allah, S. Marzouk, M. S. Gaafar

Basic Science Engineering

Borophosphate host glasses doped with zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), tellurium dioxide (TeO2), or cerium oxide (CeO2) were synthesized using rapid quenching techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, along with deconvoluted FTIR spectra, were recorded in the 400–4000 cm􀀀 1 range. Using the models of Tauc and Urbach, the optical energy band gaps of these glasses were found to be 3.212, 3.289, 3.262, 3.087, and 2.475 eV respectively. Due to the incorporation of different metal ions into the prepared glasses, the density increased and the molar volume decreased, making the glass structure highly compact. Since the elastic moduli are …

Mathematical Formulae For Neutron Self-Shielding Properties Of Media In An Isotropic Neutron Field, Elsayed Salama, Elsayed K. Elmaghraby, Ateia W. Mahmoud, A. Elghazaly, S. A. El-Fiki

Basic Science Engineering

In the current study, an ab initio derivation of the neutron self-shielding factor to solve the complex neutron transport problem of the decrease of the neutron flux as it penetrates into a material placed in an isotropic neutron field having equal flux in all directions. The theory of steady-state neutron transport was employed, starting from Stuart’s formula, to derive simple analytical formulae based on the integral cross-section parameters. The formulae could be adopted by the user according to various variables, such as the neutron flux distribution and geometry of the simulation at hand. The concluded formulae of the self-shielding factors …

Epr Study Of Irradiated Starch: Induced Radicals And Dose Assessment, Elsayed Salama, Ahmed M. Maghraby, Samy A. Anwer, M. El-Sayed

Basic Science Engineering

Irradiation of starch is of much importance to get rid of microbes and for disinfection. EPR study of the ionizing radiation-induced radicals can lead to the assessment of radiation doses delivered during irradiation. The EPR spectra properties, microwave power saturation behavior, short- and long-term temporal dependencies, and other significant factors are studied. Response of EPR spectra of irradiated starch over the range (0.5–10 kGy) was investigated. The time dependence study of the radiation-induced signal radicals of starch showed that variation of the EPR signal can be noticed within ±7.7% relative to the average value over 38 days following irradiation. Results …

Exploring The Physical, Structural, Optical, And Gamma Radiation Shielding Properties Of Borate Glasses Incorporating Sb2o3/Moo3, Elsayed Salama, Hesham A. Yousef, Ahmed E. Hannora, Y. Assran

Basic Science Engineering

The 10 Na2O-(30-x) MoO3- 60H3BO3-xSb2O3 glass system was prepared using the melt-quenching technique, where 30 ≥ x ≥ 10 mol%. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the amorphous nature of the glass structure and the impacts of MoO3 and Sb2O3. As the antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) concentration increases at the expense of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), the density and molar volume increase, and the optical bandgap energy and refractive index also increase. The radiation shielding characteristics were measured using a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and calculated using the Phy-X/PSD platform. The increase in Sb2O3 concentration increases the values …

Exploiting Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization And Column Generation For Solving Vehicle Routing Problem With Discretized Time Windows, Krittin Phornsiricharoenphant

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

No abstract provided.

Orbital And Spin Angular Momentum Light Generation, Interactions, Special Photons, And Applications In Liquids, Solids, Vapors And Biological Tissue Media, Sandra Mamani Reyes

Dissertations and Theses

Photons possess many characteristics such as wavelength, coherence, speed, polarization and wavefront. The aim of this thesis is the study of two salient properties of light exploring light carrying polarization and space degree of freedom of the wavefront. The wavefront of light is complex with different states of polarization. Special light beams are generated and characterized for interaction with liquids, solids, vapors, and bio- materials to understand fundamental processes such as Transmission, Raman scattering, and Optical Kerr Effect in steady state and temporal domains.

It has been more than hundred years since it is known that light can carry other …

Hydrodynamics Of Drops And Particles Driven By Marangoni And Diffusiophoretic Forces, Subramaniam Chembai Ganesh

Dissertations and Theses

This study investigates the hydrodynamics of particles and drops driven by forces generated by an asymmetrical physical and chemical surrounding environment. In the first part, a novel colloidal motor design driven by surface tension forces is proposed, utilizing an active Janus particle encapsulated in an immiscible liquid drop to form a compound drop/particle. Marangoni forces induced by asymmetric solute adsorption at the liquid-liquid interface of the drop propels the compound system. The propulsion speeds of the motor are analyzed for various relative sizes and configurations of the Janus particle and the encapsulating drop and the effects of varying the transport …

Hyperspectral And Polarimetric Imaging Of The Ocean For The Characterization Of The Surface Effects And Measurement Uncertainties, Mateusz Malinowski

Dissertations and Theses

Ocean and coastal waters are monitored by Ocean Color satellite sensors to determine concentrations of chlorophyll and water properties and identify areas of algal blooms and other events. The light radiance from the ocean is weak in comparison with the sky radiance, which requires very accurate atmospheric correction of the radiance measured at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) on the satellite and heavy validation of the derived water leaving radiance by field measurements from the ships and ocean platforms. For TOA and especially above water radiance the skylight reflected from the ocean surface represents one of the main sources …

Effect Of Annealing On Photoluminescence From Defects In Gan, Oleksandr Andrieiev

Theses and Dissertations

Annealing is a critical process in modern GaN technology, essential for achieving p-type conductivity by activating the Mg_Ga acceptor, as first demonstrated by Shuji Nakamura in the early 1990s. Despite the omnipresence of hydrogen as an impurity in GaN crystals, the precise mechanisms governing hydrogen diffusion and acceptor passivation remain only partially understood. The presented research investigates the effects of annealing-induced activation and hydrogen passivation on C and Be acceptors in GaN grown by MOCVD, HVPE, and MBE methods. We explored these effects by using several annealing techniques, gas compositions, and thermal regimes. A transient behavior between the C …

Long-Wave Modeling Of Viscous Film Dynamics Inside A Tube With Time-Dependent Radius, Robert E. Hicks

Theses and Dissertations

Lung fluid dynamics is a well studied topic and relevant in the field of research surrounding patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis. However, the literature on the mathematical description of the net pulmonary fluid transport in the case of constricting and expanding airways is scarce. In this paper we aim to address how breathing contributes to airways clearance in patients with pulmonary diseases such as COPD and CF in which cilia do not function properly. We begin with the flow of a fluid-filled tube with rigid walls of fixed radius and the effects of gravity being …

Microwave Simulations Of A Beam Position Monitor And Circuit Designs Assisting Its Beam Testing, Marc Jacob Crowell

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Beam position monitors (BPMs) are non-destructive diagnostic devices widely used in particle accelerators. I will first introduce the need for precision beam position measurement in particle accelerators, and then provide an overview of various types of BPMs. For the first part of my work, I focus on the design and simulation of a button-BPM. Microwave and wakefield simulations were performed to characterize the output signals. Such a design could find a potential application at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) at the Argonne National Laboratory. Although no BPMs have been fabricated to this date, a future beam experiment will be needed …

Theory Of Ultrafast Spin Crossover In Divalent Iron Systems, William Baker

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

A theory to account for the ultrafast, i.e. femtosecond timescale, singlet to quintet spin crossover in divalent iron molecules is developed. The model considers an iron cluster with ligands extending in all 6 cardinal directions initially at rest in a low spin singlet ground state. An optical excitation excites an electron from the d orbitals to the ligands, changing the system from the metal centered (MC) singlet state to the metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) singlet state. Experimentally, it is known that the system eventually relaxes into the quintet MC state, but there are no satisfactory explanations that model …

Using Ex-Situ And In-Situ Mössbauer Spectroscopy To Study The Degradation Of Nafe(1−X)(Ni0.5mn0.5)X O2 Batteries, Iddrisu Bachokun Abdul Razak

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Sodium-ion batteries are an attractive alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries due to their low cost and eco-friendly components. The Fe3+/Fe4+ redox reaction provides similar operating voltages and specific energy densities to that of lithium-ion batteries. Mössbauer spectroscopy is a useful x-ray technique for measuring the chemical environment inside of the metal enclosure of batteries. In particular, it can measure the relative concentration of Fe3+/Fe4+ ions as a function of the battery’s voltage. In this dissertation ex-situ and in-situ Mössbauer spectroscopy were used to map out the effect of various electrolytes on the performance of NaFe(1−x)(Ni0.5Mn0.5)xO2 batteries. This was done by …

Cold Testing Of A Prototype Superconducting Radiofrequency Electron Gun And Ancillary Systems For The Lcls-Ii-He Project, Kaela Michele Villafania

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Argonne National Laboratory is collaborating with Michigan State University (MSU), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), and Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) on the design, fabrication, and testing of a prototype superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) gun for the planned LCLS-II-HE upgrade at SLAC. This electron source will enable the generation of higher-brightness beams at a high repetition rate opening the path to expand LCLS-II-HE FEL performances. This thesis focuses on the cold testing of the prototype gun cavity and ancillary structures including the fundamental input-power coupler and tuning system. Numerical simulations are also presented to understand fields inside of the cavity as well as …

Magnetotransport Properties Of Dirac Semimetal Taco2te2 And Ferromagnetic Weyl Semimetal Co3sn2s2, Samuel Pate

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the magnetotransport properties of topological semimetals, specifically focusing on the Dirac semimetal TaCo2Te2 and the Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2. In TaCo2Te2, I observed extremely large magnetoresistance that violates Kohler’s rule. Extended Kohler’s rule can be applied with a calculation of Hall factor at low temperatures. I also explored the applicability of the two-band and four-band models of carrier analysis and correlate the region where Kohler’s rule is obeyed to the four-band model. In Co3Sn2S2, I explored the angle-dependent anomalous Hall effect (AHE) near the Kagome plane, revealing a tunable AHE under applied fields and an abrupt disappearance of …

Estimation Of Methyl Orange Dye's Molar Absorptivity Using A Photoresistor-Based Photometer, Patricia M. Ludovice, Ramon M. Delos Santos

Physics Faculty Publications

The need to further develop solar cell technology, particularly on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), drives absorption studies of various chemical species. In this study, absorbance analysis of methyl orange (MO) dye was performed using the adapted and modified photoresistor-based photometer of Adams-McNichol et al. [1]. The research aims to improve the stability of the reference setup, while maintaining the accuracy of absorbance results it yields. The methodology includes photometer fabrication, MO dye sample preparation, and the evaluation of MO dye's molar absorptivity in an aqueous solution. Results show that the estimated molar absorptivity of MO using the voltage readings from …