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Supermassive Binaries And Extragalactic Jets, C. Martin Gaskell May 1996

Supermassive Binaries And Extragalactic Jets, C. Martin Gaskell

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Some quasars show Doppler shifted broad emission line peaks. I give new statistics of the occurrence of these peaks and show that, while the most spectacular cases are in quasars with strong jets inclined to the line of sight, they are also almost as common in radio-quiet quasars. Theories of the origin of the peaks are reviewed and it is argued that the displaced peaks are most likely produced by supermassive binaries. 3C 390.3 shows precisely the change in radial velocity predicted by the supermassive binary model. The separations of the peaks in 3C 390.3-type objects are consistent with orientation-dependent …

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The Flat Phase Of Crystalline Membranes, Mark Bowick, Simon Catterall, Marco Falcioni, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Konstantinos N. Anagnostopoulos May 1996

The Flat Phase Of Crystalline Membranes, Mark Bowick, Simon Catterall, Marco Falcioni, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Konstantinos N. Anagnostopoulos

Physics - All Scholarship

We present the results of a high-statistics Monte Carlo simulation of a phantom crystalline (fixed-connectivity) membrane with free boundary. We verify the existence of a flat phase by examining lattices of size up to $128^2$. The Hamiltonian of the model is the sum of a simple spring pair potential, with no hard-core repulsion, and bending energy. The only free parameter is the the bending rigidity $\kappa$. In-plane elastic constants are not explicitly introduced. We obtain the remarkable result that this simple model dynamically generates the elastic constants required to stabilise the flat phase. We present measurements of the size (Flory) …

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The Flat Phase Of Crystalline Membranes, Simon Catterall, Mark Bowick, Konstantinos N. Anagnostopoulos May 1996

The Flat Phase Of Crystalline Membranes, Simon Catterall, Mark Bowick, Konstantinos N. Anagnostopoulos

Physics - All Scholarship

We present the results of a high-statistics Monte Carlo simulation of a phantom crystalline (fixed-connectivity) membrane with free boundary. We verify the existence of a flat phase by examining lattices of size up to 128^2. The Hamiltonian of the model is the sum of a simple spring pair potential, with no hard-core repulsion, and bending energy. The only free parameter is the the bending rigidity \kappa. In-plane elastic constants are not explicitly introduced. We obtain the remarkable result that this simple model dynamically generates the elastic constants required to stabilise the flat phase. We present measurements of the size (Flory) …

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The Structure Of Alkali Halide Dimers: A Critical Test Of Ionic Models And New Ab Initio Results, T. Törring, S. Biermann, J. Hoeft, Richard J. Mawhorter, Robert J. Cave, C. Szemenyei May 1996

The Structure Of Alkali Halide Dimers: A Critical Test Of Ionic Models And New Ab Initio Results, T. Törring, S. Biermann, J. Hoeft, Richard J. Mawhorter, Robert J. Cave, C. Szemenyei

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

In semiempirical ionic models a number of adjustable parameters have to be fitted to experimental data of either monomer molecules or crystals. This leads to strong correlations between these constants and prevents a unique test and a clear physical interpretation of the fit parameters. Moreover, it is not clear whether these constants remain unchanged when the model is applied to dimers or larger clusters. It is shown that these correlations can be substantially reduced when reliable information about dimers is available from experiments or ab initio calculations. Starting with Dunham coefficients of the monomer potential determined from microwave measurements, we …

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A Classical Analysis Of Proton Collisions With Ground-State And Excited, Aligned Sodium Targets, C. J. Lundy, Ronald E. Olson May 1996

A Classical Analysis Of Proton Collisions With Ground-State And Excited, Aligned Sodium Targets, C. J. Lundy, Ronald E. Olson

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The dependence of electron capture and ionization processes on the pre-collision electronic distribution is examined for the systems H+ + Na(3s, 3pΣ, 3pΠ) primarily in the energy range 1-15 keV. Populations of the capture and ionization channels as well as the coherence of the post-collision electronic distribution of the capture product are formulated using the classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method. Total capture and ionization cross sections arising from initially aligned Na(3p) targets exhibit transient behaviour near the velocity-matching energy of 5.7 keV. This observation is described in terms of anisotropy parameters; anisotropy effects are also analysed for the capture …

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Vortex Dynamics And Defects In Simulated Flux Flow, Alan Middleton, Michael Chance Faleski, M. C. Marchetti May 1996

Vortex Dynamics And Defects In Simulated Flux Flow, Alan Middleton, Michael Chance Faleski, M. C. Marchetti

Physics - All Scholarship

We present the results of molecular dynamic simulations of a two-dimensional vortex array driven by a uniform current through random pinning centers at zero temperature. We identify two types of flow of the driven array near the depinning threshold. For weak disorder the flux array contains few dislocation and moves via correlated displacements of patches of vortices in a {\it crinkle} motion. As the disorder strength increases, we observe a crossover to a spatially inhomogeneous regime of {\it plastic} flow, with a very defective vortex array and a channel-like structure of the flowing regions. The two regimes are characterized by …

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Relativistic Momentum, Paul Finkler May 1996

Relativistic Momentum, Paul Finkler

Paul Finkler Papers

Introductory treatments of relativistic dynamics rely on the invariance of momentum conservation (i.e., on the assumption that momentum is conserved in all inertial frames if it is conserved in one) to establish the relationship for the momentum of a particle in terms of its mass and velocity. By contrast, more advanced treatments rely on the transformation properties of the four-velocity and/or proper time to obtain the same result and then show that momentum conservation is invariant. Here, we will outline a derivation of that relationship that, in the spirit of the more advanced treatments, relies on an elemental feature of …

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Critical Point For The Blue-Phase-Iii-Isotropic Phase Transition In Chiral Liquid Crystals, Z. Kutnjak, C. W. Garland, Colin G. Schatz , '97, Peter J. Collings, C. J. Booth, J. W. Goodby May 1996

Critical Point For The Blue-Phase-Iii-Isotropic Phase Transition In Chiral Liquid Crystals, Z. Kutnjak, C. W. Garland, Colin G. Schatz , '97, Peter J. Collings, C. J. Booth, J. W. Goodby

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

The highly chiral compound S,S-4 ''-(methylbutyl)phenyl-4'-(methylbutyl) biphenyl carboxylate (S,S-MBBPC) undergoes a continuous supercritical evolution from the isotropic (I) phase to the third blue phase (BPI III). Mixtures of S,S-MBBPC and its racemate have been studied with high-resolution calorimetry capable of quantitative latent heat determinations and with optical activity measurements. Both experiments indicate that the first-order BP III-I transition line ends at a critical point when the chiral mole fraction X(c) similar or equal to 0.45. Analysis of C-p and optical activity data for the near-critical mixture with X = 0.45 indicates mean-field behavior instead of the theoretically predicted Ising fluctuation …

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Polarization Stability And Dynamics In A Model For A Polarization-Isotropic Laser That Goes Beyond Third-Order Lamb Theory, N. B. Abraham, Mark Matlin, R. S. Gioggia May 1996

Polarization Stability And Dynamics In A Model For A Polarization-Isotropic Laser That Goes Beyond Third-Order Lamb Theory, N. B. Abraham, Mark Matlin, R. S. Gioggia

Physics Faculty Research and Scholarship

Instabilities and dynamical pulsations are common features of solutions of a model that includes the material variable dynamics for a laser with a polarization isotropic resonator and with a homogeneously broadened j=1 --> j=0 transition. These resemble in some respects features found in third-order Lamb theories under anisotropic conditions, such as splitting of the optical field into two relatively independent orthogonally polarized modes with different optical frequencies. At higher intensities the amplitudes and frequencies of these modes exhibit such strong coupling that a ''two-mode'' description loses its usefulness or effectiveness. Various periodic attractors with strong intensity and polarization pulsations are …

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Far-Ultraviolet Stellar Photometry: Fields Centered On Ρ Ophiuchi And The Galactic Center, Edward G. Schmidt, George R. Carruthers May 1996

Far-Ultraviolet Stellar Photometry: Fields Centered On Ρ Ophiuchi And The Galactic Center, Edward G. Schmidt, George R. Carruthers

Edward Schmidt Publications

Far-ultraviolet photometry is presented for 121 objects in a 20" diameter field centered on ρ Oph and for 649 objects in a field covering the Galactic center. Broadband magnitudes with effective wavelengths of 1375 Å and 1781 Å are given. The Galactic center field overlaps two fields which were discussed in an earlier paper. Eighty-eight percent of the ultraviolet objects in the ρ Oph field were identified with visible stars using the SIMBAD database, while only 9% of the objects are blends of early-type stars too close together to separate with our resolution. The photometric calibration was studied in detail, …

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Percus-Yevick Approximation For Fluids With Spontaneous Partial Order: Results For A Separable Model, Hua Zhong, Rolfe G. Petschek May 1996

Percus-Yevick Approximation For Fluids With Spontaneous Partial Order: Results For A Separable Model, Hua Zhong, Rolfe G. Petschek

Faculty Scholarship

Recently we have applied the Percus-Yevick approximation to nematic fluids with partial spontaneous order using a diagrammatic implementation of a Ward identity. In this paper we apply the method to study the isotropic-nematic phase transition of a separable model, where the interparticle potential independently depends on the spatial separation and the relative orientation of the particles. This approach allows us to study the transition directly without other approximations besides the Percus-Yevick closure itself. Previous works of the integral equation method on phase transitions were based on the stability criterion or coexistence condition derived from a truncated density functional expansion. By …

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Characterization Of Spatial And Temporal Anisotropy In Turbulent Mixing Layers Using Optical Techniques, Patrick J. Gardner May 1996

Characterization Of Spatial And Temporal Anisotropy In Turbulent Mixing Layers Using Optical Techniques, Patrick J. Gardner

Theses and Dissertations

The optical aberrations induced by mixing layers of dissimilar gases are recorded and analyzed in order to characterize the spatial and temporal properties of the flow. Laser light was propagated through a mixing layer of Helium and Nitrogen gas, having velocities of 8.5 m/sec and 1.5 m/sec, respectively. The light was propagated in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the mixing layer. The mixing layer was evaluated in two experimental regimes: free turbulent mixing, where the mixing layer spreads into the surrounding air; and channel flow, where the mixing layer is confined to a rectangular channel. The optical perturbations …

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Simulations Of Electrostatic Modes Of Non-Neutral Plasmas With Small Aspect Ratio In A Penning Trap, Grant W. Mason, Ross L. Spencer, Jonathan A. Bennett May 1996

Simulations Of Electrostatic Modes Of Non-Neutral Plasmas With Small Aspect Ratio In A Penning Trap, Grant W. Mason, Ross L. Spencer, Jonathan A. Bennett

Faculty Publications

The dependence on induced charge, experimental geometry, and temperature of electrostatic modes in very low aspect ratio non-neutral plasmas in a Penning trap is considered. The modes are of interest as non-destructive diagnostics of the shape of the plasmas. These investigations include equilibrium calculations of plasma shapes and profiles at finite temperature and particle-in-cell simulations of axisymmetric modes. The results of the simulations are compared to the zero-temperature theory by Dubin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2076 (1991)] taken to first-order in the aspect ratio and to experimental measurements by Weimer et al. [Phys. Rev. A 49, 3842 (1994)]. In general, …

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Very High Density Clumps And Outflowing Winds In Qso Broad-Line Regions, J. A. Baldwin, Gary J. Ferland, K. T. Korista, R. F. Carswell, F. Hamann, M. M. Phillips, D. A. Verner, Belinda J. Wilkes, R. E. Williams Apr 1996

Very High Density Clumps And Outflowing Winds In Qso Broad-Line Regions, J. A. Baldwin, Gary J. Ferland, K. T. Korista, R. F. Carswell, F. Hamann, M. M. Phillips, D. A. Verner, Belinda J. Wilkes, R. E. Williams

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Intercomparison of the spectra of seven high-luminosity quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) shows that there is a gradation of properties in their broad emission-line regions (BELRs) that can be understood as differing mixtures of different gas components. Six of these seven objects have unusually narrow BELR profiles, which greatly facilitates the disentangling of blends and measuring of weak lines. In the QSO 0207 - 398, the BELR is made up of at least three kinematically distinct components; its spectrum is in fact a composite of the spectra of the more homogeneous BELRs in the QSOs at either end of our sequence of …

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Spin Polarization Of The Conduction Bands And Secondary Electrons Of Gd(0001), Dongqi Li, J. Pearson, S.D. Bader, D.N. Mcilroy, C. Waldfried, Peter A. Dowben Apr 1996

Spin Polarization Of The Conduction Bands And Secondary Electrons Of Gd(0001), Dongqi Li, J. Pearson, S.D. Bader, D.N. Mcilroy, C. Waldfried, Peter A. Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

Angle- and spin-resolved photoemission was utilized to investigate the 5d bulk bands and the surface state of Gd(0001) in the temperature range of 130–350 K. The bulk bands at 1–2 eV below the Fermi energy EF show Stoner-like behavior, while the temperature dependence of the surface state near EF indicates spin-mixing behavior due to fluctuating local 5d moments. The secondary electron spectra of the Gd surfaces both before and after initial oxygen adsorption show a polarization dip at low kinetic energies due to the extra scattering channel for minority electrons via the unoccupied 4f level. The temperature dependencies …

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Superparamagnetic Magnetic Force Microscopy Tips, P.F. Hopkins, John Moreland, S.S. Malhotra, Sy_Hwang Liou Apr 1996

Superparamagnetic Magnetic Force Microscopy Tips, P.F. Hopkins, John Moreland, S.S. Malhotra, Sy_Hwang Liou

Sy-Hwang Liou Publications

We report on magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images of a thin-film magnetic recording head taken using batch micromachined silicon tips coated with nanocomposite Fe60 (SiO2)40 and Fe70 (SiO2)30 films. The small Fe grain size (<10 nm) and dilute Fe volume fraction (0.29–0.4) of these granular films produce tip coatings of low remanence and essentially zero coercivity, reduced by the superparamagnetic properties of these films. We have used these tips to obtain MFM images of the write field of the head with high spatial and magnetic-field resolution. In comparison to images taken using commercial Co85Cr15-coated tips, these MFM images show reduced tip memory effects and clearly delineate the gap field from the pole pieces.

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Droplet Evaporation And Deformations In An Amplitude Modulated Ultrasonic Field, Nihad E. Daidzic, Rene Stadler, Adrian Melling Apr 1996

Droplet Evaporation And Deformations In An Amplitude Modulated Ultrasonic Field, Nihad E. Daidzic, Rene Stadler, Adrian Melling

Aviation Department Publications

The aim of the report presented is the measurements of droplet oscillations.

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Oscillatory Doubly Diffusive Convection In A Finite Container, Adam S. Landsberg, Edgar Knobloch Apr 1996

Oscillatory Doubly Diffusive Convection In A Finite Container, Adam S. Landsberg, Edgar Knobloch

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

Oscillatory doubly diffusive convection in a large aspect ratio Hele-Shaw cell is considered. The partial differential equations are reduced via center-unstable manifold reduction to the normal form equations describing the interaction of even and odd parity standing waves near onset. These equations take the form of the equations for a Hopf bifurcation with approximate D4 symmetry, verifying the conclusions of the preceding paper [A.S. Landsberg and E. Knobloch, Phys. Rev. E 53, 3579 (1996)]. In particular, the amplitude equations differ in the limit of large aspect ratios from the usual Ginzburg-Landau description in having additional nonlinear terms with O(1) coefficients. …

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Oscillatory Bifurcation With Broken Translation Symmetry, Adam S. Landsberg, Edgar Knobloch Apr 1996

Oscillatory Bifurcation With Broken Translation Symmetry, Adam S. Landsberg, Edgar Knobloch

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

The effect of distant endwalls on the bifurcation to traveling waves is considered. Previous approaches have treated the problem by assuming that it is a weak perturbation of the translation invariant problem. When the problem is formulated instead in a finite box of length L and the limit L--> [infinity] is taken, one obtains amplitude equations that differ from the usual Ginzburg-Landau description by the presence of an additional nonlinear term. This formulation leads to a description in terms of the amplitudes of the primary box modes, which are odd and even parity standing waves. For large L, the equations …

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The Physics Of Motocross, Jeffrey R. Giles, Charles D. Ross Apr 1996

The Physics Of Motocross, Jeffrey R. Giles, Charles D. Ross

Chemistry & Physics Faculty Publications

The article describes how the laws of physics allow the motocross rider to control the flight of a motorcycle.

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Electron Impact Vibrational Excitation Cross Sections Of Sif4, R. Nagpal, A. Garscadden, Jerry D. Clark Apr 1996

Electron Impact Vibrational Excitation Cross Sections Of Sif4, R. Nagpal, A. Garscadden, Jerry D. Clark

Physics Faculty Publications

Electron drift velocities in mixtures of SiF4 and Ar have been measured using a pulsed‐Townsend type drift tube. A set of vibrational excitation cross sections of electron scattering in SiF4 has been subsequently determined by the swarm analyses of measured transport data in highly dilute SiF4−Ar mixtures. The derived cross sections are consistent with the electron transport properties over an order of magnitude in SiF4 concentration in gas mixtures, thus providing evidence that the main features of their near threshold behavior, and of their absolute magnitude have been captured.

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Auger Resonant Raman Spectroscopy Used To Study The Angular Distributions Of The Xe 4d5/2 → 6p Decay Spectrum, B. Langer, N. Berrah, A. Farhat, Oliver Hemmers, J. Bozek Apr 1996

Auger Resonant Raman Spectroscopy Used To Study The Angular Distributions Of The Xe 4d5/2 → 6p Decay Spectrum, B. Langer, N. Berrah, A. Farhat, Oliver Hemmers, J. Bozek

Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

The Auger resonant Raman effect can be used as a method to eliminate natural lifetime broadening in resonant Auger spectra. We have coupled this method with high-resolution photons from the Advanced Light Source to study angular distributions and decay rates of the Xe4d5/2→6p resonant Auger lines. The angular distribution parameters β of almost all possible final ionic 5p4(3P, 1D, 1S)6p states have been determined. Our data, which remove the discrepancy between previous lower-resolution experimental results, are compared to different theoretical results.

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Twisting Transition In A Fiber Composed Of Chiral Smectic-C Liquid Crystal Polymer, R. A. Sones, Rolfe G. Petschek Apr 1996

Twisting Transition In A Fiber Composed Of Chiral Smectic-C Liquid Crystal Polymer, R. A. Sones, Rolfe G. Petschek

Faculty Scholarship

We consider a cylindrical fiber composed of main-chain liquid crystal polymer in the chiral smectic-C phase. Due to steric constraints on the liquid crystal polymer, the smectic layers orient perpendicular to the fiber axis, the liquid crystal director lies flat against the fiber wall, and a line disclination appears along the fiber axis. Using a Landau-de Gennes expression for the elastic free energy, we show that the fiber may undergo a transition from a cylinder to a helix. The transition is favored by large chirality, large fiber radius, and low surface tension, but is probably not experimentally accessible. However, a …

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Pion Absorption On Polarized Lithium-7 At 165 Mev, Thomas A. Greco Apr 1996

Pion Absorption On Polarized Lithium-7 At 165 Mev, Thomas A. Greco

Physics Theses & Dissertations

Pion absorption is not well understood. Cross section data alone does not provide a complete description since the cross section tends to be sensitive only to the spin-independent terms in the transition amplitude. Polarization observables are thus necessary to complete the picture. In this experiment, analyzing powers for the reaction 7→Li(π+,pp)5He at Tπ = 165 MeV were measured at the Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland. The emitted protons were detected with the SUSI spectrometer at 38° in coincidence with an array of five scintillator telescopes centered around the quasi-free angle for absorption on a nucleon …

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Two-Photon Quantum Interference Polarization Spectroscopy: Measurements Of Transition Matrix Elements In Atomic Rubidium, Alexander I. Beger Apr 1996

Two-Photon Quantum Interference Polarization Spectroscopy: Measurements Of Transition Matrix Elements In Atomic Rubidium, Alexander I. Beger

Physics Theses & Dissertations

The estimation of the adequacy of theoretical calculations on the atomic structure requires availability of the precise experimental data on radiative properties of the atoms. Such data is also required in astronomy and some important areas of technology. The lack of precision of traditional spectroscopic studies of atom presents a fundamental obstacle for progress in these areas. For example, in atomic rubidium, the best precision of the traditional spectroscopic results is on the order of about 1 - 5%, which does not allow for clear assessment of the latest sophisticated theoretical calculations on atomic rubidium structure, with emphasis on different, …

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Frequency Response Enhancement Of A Flow Sensor Using Diamond Thin Films Synthesized By Plasma Cvd, John Curren Hagwood Apr 1996

Frequency Response Enhancement Of A Flow Sensor Using Diamond Thin Films Synthesized By Plasma Cvd, John Curren Hagwood

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Theoretical modeling conducted previously in our Microelectronics Laboratory has shown that a layer of diamond film inserted between a metal film and a substrate will enhance the frequency response of a conventional thin film flow sensor. This thesis involved fabricating and testing a conventional thin film sensor of nickel on quartz (Ni/Q) and a diamond enhanced sensor (Ni/D/Q) for comparative frequency response analysis to validate the theory. Diamond films were grown onto quartz substrates using a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. Conditions were established to synthesize continuous diamond films on quartz substrates. These films were characterized by scanning …

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Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy With Diode Lasers, Ying Lu Apr 1996

Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy With Diode Lasers, Ying Lu

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy is a non-intrusive technique which enables several parameters such as concentration, velocity, and temperature of a target specie to be measured. The method involves a modulation of a probe laser beam and detection at the fundamental, or any harmonic frequency, by a phase-sensitive apparatus. The theory of wavelength modulation is discussed. Effects of the finite value of the wavelength modulation index, together with the effects of any residual amplitude modulation that often occurs simultaneously in a diode laser, are included. It is shown that there are several advantages in using detection harmonics orders greater than the second. …

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Background Paper On "Power Line Fields And Public Health", David W. Hafemeister Mar 1996

Background Paper On "Power Line Fields And Public Health", David W. Hafemeister

Physics

No abstract provided.

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Laser Injection Of Ultrashort Electron Pulses Into Wakefield Plasma Waves, Donald P. Umstadter, J.K. Kim, E. Dodd Mar 1996

Laser Injection Of Ultrashort Electron Pulses Into Wakefield Plasma Waves, Donald P. Umstadter, J.K. Kim, E. Dodd

Donald Umstadter Publications

A novel laser-plasma-based source of relativistic electrons is described. It involves a combination of orthogonally directed laser beams, which are focused in a plasma. One beam excites a wakefield electron plasma wave. Another locally alters the trajectory of some of the electrons in such a way that they can be accelerated and trapped by the wave. With currently available table-top terawatt lasers, a single ultrashort-duration electron bunch can be accelerated to multi-MeV energies in a fraction of a millimeter, with femtosecond synchronization between the light pulse, the electron bunch, and the plasma wave. Both analytical and numerical-simulation results are presented.

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Linear And Non-Linear Preprocessing Of Wavefront Sensor Slope Measurements For Improved Adaptive Optics Performance, Dennis A. Montera Mar 1996

Linear And Non-Linear Preprocessing Of Wavefront Sensor Slope Measurements For Improved Adaptive Optics Performance, Dennis A. Montera

Theses and Dissertations

New methods for preprocessing wavefront sensor (WFS) slope measurements are presented. Methods are developed to improve the accuracy of WFS slope measurements, as well as estimating key atmospheric and system parameters from the slope signals. Both statistical and artificial neural network solutions are investigated. Also, new atmospheric models for generating slope and phase data with the proper spatial and temporal statistics are developed. The experiments in improving the accuracy of WFS slope measurements include reducing the WFS slope measurement error and compensating for adaptive optics system time delay through temporal slope prediction. The experiments in key parameter estimation include estimating …

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