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การเปรียบเทียบอัลกอริทึมวิเคราะห์หาสาเหตุการตายโดยการสัมภาษณ์เมื่อมีข้อมูลไม่สมบูรณ์, ณัชชา สุวันทารัตน์ Jan 2023

การเปรียบเทียบอัลกอริทึมวิเคราะห์หาสาเหตุการตายโดยการสัมภาษณ์เมื่อมีข้อมูลไม่สมบูรณ์, ณัชชา สุวันทารัตน์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษาการเปรียบเทียบประสิทธิภาพของอัลกอริทึมในการวิเคราะห์หาสาเหตุการตายจากการสัมภาษณ์ (Verbal Autopsy) เมื่อมีระดับความไม่สมบูรณ์ของข้อมูลที่ต่างกัน ทำโดยเปรียบเทียบ 5 อัลกอริทึมในการแปลผลหาสาเหตุการตาย คือ InSilicoVA InterVA-5 Tariff Naïve Bayes Classifiers (NBC) และ Random Forest (RF) ในการจำแนกหาสาเหตุการตายเมื่อไม่มีการหายของข้อมูล มีการหายของข้อมูล 5% มีการหายของข้อมูล 10% และ มีการหายของข้อมูล 20% โดยเกณฑ์วัดในการประเมินประสิทธิภาพของอัลกอริทึมคือ ระยะเวลาในการทำงาน ค่าความถูกต้อง ค่า Chance-Concordance Corrected (CCC) ค่า Cause Specific Mortality Fraction (CMSF) accuracy ค่า Sensitivity และ ค่า Specificity ซึ่งข้อมูลที่นำการวิเคราะห์ในงานวิจัยนี้คือข้อมูล PHMRC Gold Standard ที่เป็นข้อมูลของผู้ใหญ่จำนวน 7,841 ตัวอย่าง จากการศึกษาพบว่าข้อมูลสมบูรณ์ทำให้มีประสิทธิภาพดีกว่าข้อมูลที่มีการทำให้หาย มีค่าตัวชี้วัดดีกว่าในทุกระดับการหายของข้อมูลและตัวชี้วัดข้างต้นที่กล่าวมาจะค่อยๆ ลดลงตามระดับการหายที่เพิ่มขึ้น VA อัลกอริทึมที่มีประสิทธิภาพในการแปลผลดีที่สุดคือ RF ในทุกระดับการหายของข้อมูลจากทุกดัชนีชี้วัดยกเว้นระยะเวลาในการทำงานและกลุ่มที่ใช้วิธีคิดแบบ data-driven อัลกอริทึมเช่น RF, Tariff และ NBC จะมีประสิทธิภาพในการแปลผลดีกว่า InSilicoVA และ InterVA 5 อาจเป็นเพราะเมื่อข้อมูลที่ใช้ในชุดเรียนรู้ในมีความครบถ้วนและสะท้อนกับข้อมูลชุดทดสอบแตกต่างกับวิธีที่ใช้หลักทางสถิติที่จะใช้ข้อมูลในการแปลผลข้อมูลมาจากแพทย์หรือผู้เชี่ยวชาญมากกว่าให้อัลกอริทึมการแปลผลเรียนรู้จากชุดเรียนรู้

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People Move, Policies Don’T: Discursive Partition Against Climate-Impacted Dwellers In Urbanizing Bangladesh, Efadul Huq, Tanzil Shafique Jan 2023

People Move, Policies Don’T: Discursive Partition Against Climate-Impacted Dwellers In Urbanizing Bangladesh, Efadul Huq, Tanzil Shafique

Environmental Science and Policy: Faculty Publications

In Bangladesh, internal climate displacement will continue pushing millions to the urbanizing centres where migrants make homes in informal settlements. These settlements, too, are sites for climate hazards such as heat stress and flooding, affecting climate-displaced and economic migrants alike. The demands of growing migrant populations and long-term informal settlement dwellers converge around rights to secure land and housing, acknowledged in policies at both national and urban scales. Yet, settlements continue to face evictions, revealing a significant mismatch between policy aspirations and concrete urban planning strategies. Based on our ongoing research in the informal settlements of Dhaka, Bangladesh, we point …

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Artificial Intelligence And Precision Health Through Lenses Of Ethics And Social Determinants Of Health: Protocol For A State-Of-The-Art Literature Review, Sarah Wamala-Andersson, Matt X. Richardson, Sara Landerdahl Stridsberg, Jillian Ryan, Felix Sukums, Yong-Shian Goh Jan 2023

Artificial Intelligence And Precision Health Through Lenses Of Ethics And Social Determinants Of Health: Protocol For A State-Of-The-Art Literature Review, Sarah Wamala-Andersson, Matt X. Richardson, Sara Landerdahl Stridsberg, Jillian Ryan, Felix Sukums, Yong-Shian Goh

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Precision health is a rapidly developing field, largely driven by the development of artificial intelligence (AI)–related solutions. AI facilitates complex analysis of numerous health data risk assessment, early detection of disease, and initiation of timely preventative health interventions that can be highly tailored to the individual. Despite such promise, ethical concerns arising from the rapid development and use of AI-related technologies have led to development of national and international frameworks to address responsible use of AI. Objective: We aimed to address research gaps and provide new knowledge regarding (1) examples of existing AI applications and what role they play …

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Characteristics Of Extreme Precipitation And Their Effect On Bean Yield In Rwanda, Paul Ts Limbu Sr Dec 2022

Characteristics Of Extreme Precipitation And Their Effect On Bean Yield In Rwanda, Paul Ts Limbu Sr

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study examines the characteristics of extreme precipitation and its effect on bean yield in Rwanda from 1981 to 2017. Over the study area, two rainy seasons, March to May (MAM) and September to December (SOND), account for approximately 80% of total rainfall. The spatial distribution of rainfall over Rwanda revealed that the first three EOF modes of MAM rainfall vary by 72.72 percent over the study period, while the first three EOF modes of SOND rainfall vary by 57.48 percent. The spatial analysis of extreme precipitation reveals that during wet years, the majority of the country's western regions receive …

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Occlusion Handler Density Networks For 3d Multimodal Joint Location Of Hand Pose Hypothesis, Stanley Tito Dec 2022

Occlusion Handler Density Networks For 3d Multimodal Joint Location Of Hand Pose Hypothesis, Stanley Tito

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

(HPE) process is an ill-posed challenge. This is due to severe self occluded joints of the hand. The existing approaches for predicting pose parameters of the hand, utilize a single-value mapping of an input image to generate final pose output. This way makes it difficult to handle occlusion especially when it comes from the multimodal pose hypothesis. This paper introduces an effective method of handling multimodal joint occlusion using the negative log-likelihood of a multimodal mixture-of-Gaussians through a hybrid hierarchical mixture density network (HHMDN). The proposed approach generates multiple feasible hypotheses of 3D poses with visibility, unimodal and multimodal distribution …

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Filtering Effect On Rssi-Based Indoor Localization Methods, Kwame S. Ibwe Dec 2022

Filtering Effect On Rssi-Based Indoor Localization Methods, Kwame S. Ibwe

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Indoor positioning systems are used to locate and track objects in an indoor environment. Distance estimation is done using received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of radio frequency signals. However, RSSI is prone to noise and interference which can greatly affect the accuracy performance of the system. In this paper Internet of Things (IoT) technologies like low energy Bluetooth (BLE), WiFi, LoRaWAN and ZigBee are used to obtain indoor positioning. Adopting the existing trilateration and positioning algorithms, the Kalman, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Particle filtering methods are employed to denoise the received RSSI signals to improve positioning accuracy. Experimental results …

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A Genetic Algorithm Approach To Optimal Sizing And Placement Of Distributed Generation On Nigerian Radial Feeders, Adelowo Balogun Dec 2022

A Genetic Algorithm Approach To Optimal Sizing And Placement Of Distributed Generation On Nigerian Radial Feeders, Adelowo Balogun

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Mitigating power loss and voltage profile problems on radial distribution networks has been a major challenge to distribution system operators. While deployment of distributed generation, as compensators, has made a suitable solution option, optimum placement and sizing of the compensators has been a concern and it has thus been receiving great attention. Meta-heuristic algorithms have been found efficacious in this respect, yet the use of the algorithms in addressing problems of radial feeders is still comparatively low in Nigeria where analytical and numerical programming methods are common. Hence; the use of genetic algorithm to site and size distributed generator for …

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Development Of An Operational Satellite-Based Flood Monitoring Model For Tanzania, Andrew Kimati Dec 2022

Development Of An Operational Satellite-Based Flood Monitoring Model For Tanzania, Andrew Kimati

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Timely information during water related disasters is of utmost importance for flood preparedness and risk reduction. However, the conventional ground-based photographic monitoring of flooded areas is an expensive and time-consuming exercise. Satellite remote sensing is a quick and affordable approach that can be used for concurrent floods detection at different scales. This is important as it facilitates timely information for emergency response to disaster management departments, even in scarcely instrumented catchments. This study presents a novel approach for flood tracking using satellite image remote sensing science to map flood affected areas immediately after occurrence of rainfall events. An open-source water …

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Design And Implementation Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Simulation Model, Mbazingwa Mkiramweni Dec 2022

Design And Implementation Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Simulation Model, Mbazingwa Mkiramweni

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving procedure that can multiply a person's chances of survival after a cardiac arrest. The effectiveness of CPR procedures is heavily influenced by the individual skills of the rescuer providing assistance. Chest compressions delivered at an appropriate depth and rate, allowing full chest recoil and with minimal interruptions, are critical for improving cardiac arrest survival. The lack of quality CPR training models in developing countries has a significant impact on the quality of CPR training and skills acquired. Therefore, in this paper, we aim at improving CPR training by designing a high-fidelity CPR training manikin. …

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Performance Investigations Of The Charging And Discharging Processes In A 3-Tank Thermal Energy Storage System, Swalehe Tusiime, Karidewa Nyeinga, Denis Okello, Ole J. Nydal Dec 2022

Performance Investigations Of The Charging And Discharging Processes In A 3-Tank Thermal Energy Storage System, Swalehe Tusiime, Karidewa Nyeinga, Denis Okello, Ole J. Nydal

Tanzania Journal of Science

The paper presents a 3 tank thermal energy storage system. The system consists of cold oil reservoir, heat storage tank, and a residual drainage tank. Cold oil flows by gravity into a heating chamber and after being heated to the required temperature, a mechanical thermostat opens allowing the hot oil to flow into a heat storage tank. The storage tank was discharged through the cooking unit by boiling 0.5 litres of water. The used oil flowed by gravity to the drainage tank. The discharge flow rates of 0.5, 2.1, 2.8 and 6.5 g/s were considered. A charging efficiency of 51.3% …

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Impacts Of Climate Change On Small Pelagic Fish Catches In The Coastal Artisanal Fishers Communities Of Tanzania, Lyidia Kapapa, Paul Onyango Onyango, Nibedita Mukherjee, Prosper Mfilinge Dec 2022

Impacts Of Climate Change On Small Pelagic Fish Catches In The Coastal Artisanal Fishers Communities Of Tanzania, Lyidia Kapapa, Paul Onyango Onyango, Nibedita Mukherjee, Prosper Mfilinge

Tanzania Journal of Science

Climate-related effects occur across all regions in Tanzania, affecting primary sectors such as agriculture and fishing. This study investigated the impacts of climatic change on small pelagic catches in fishers in Kilindoni, Kipumbwi and Kilwa Kivinje villages along the Tanzanian coast. We studied how changes in rainfall, sea surface temperature, wind speed and chlorophyll a affect small pelagic fisheries using primary and secondary data. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied. Primary data collection involved questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Secondary data was obtained from Tanzania Meteorological Agency and remote sensing from Modi's sensor. Results showed an increase …

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Constraining The Origin And Age Of The Thermal And Cold Water In The Lake Natron Basin, Northern Tanzania, Edista A. Abdallah, Charles H. Kasanzu, Crispin P. Kinabo, Akira Imai, Mike J. Butler Dec 2022

Constraining The Origin And Age Of The Thermal And Cold Water In The Lake Natron Basin, Northern Tanzania, Edista A. Abdallah, Charles H. Kasanzu, Crispin P. Kinabo, Akira Imai, Mike J. Butler

Tanzania Journal of Science

Springs on the eastern and western shores of Lake Natron Basin (LNB), located within the eastern branch of the East Africa Rift System (EARS) in Northern Tanzania had a discharge temperature that ranged between 34.0 °C and 51.2 °C, while the pH varied from 8.0 to 10.7. The electrical conductivity (EC) ranged between 5,007 µS/cm and 49,200 µS/cm. Cold waters had a temperature of 31.9 °C to 32.5 °C, while the pH ranged between 8.0 and 8.3, and the EC ranged between 1,401 µS/cm and 3,806 µS/cm. The stable isotope composition varied between -2.4 ‰ and -5.3 ‰ for δ18O, …

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Spatiotemporal Variability Of Drought And Its Relationships To Enso And Iod Indices In Somaliland, Mohamed S Bile, Paul Ts Limbu Dec 2022

Spatiotemporal Variability Of Drought And Its Relationships To Enso And Iod Indices In Somaliland, Mohamed S Bile, Paul Ts Limbu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Drought is one of Somaliland’s most prevalent natural hazards, causing serious socioeconomic and environmental harm. This study investigated the spatial and temporal variability of drought and its relationships with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) indices using the Standardized Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) from 1981 to 2020. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen's slope estimator were used to assess the trends of annual and seasonal SPEI time series. The Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) was employed to examine the dominant modes of the SPEI series, and Pearson and partial correlation analyses were performed to investigate the associations between …

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Quantifying The Effects Of Guessing, Position Bias And Prior Knowledge In Multiple Choice Exams, Almasi S Maguya Dec 2022

Quantifying The Effects Of Guessing, Position Bias And Prior Knowledge In Multiple Choice Exams, Almasi S Maguya

Tanzania Journal of Science

“Can an examinee pass a multiple-choice (MC) exam by chance?” Many studies have tried to address this question. However, these studies ignore different types of position bias associated with picking an item from a list. Despite the presence of considerable evidence on the existence of position bias in guessing answers in MC exams, these studies assume an examinee chooses answers with equal probability. This paper seeks to fill this gap by quantifying the chance of success in MC exams due to guessing when different types of position bias and prior knowledge are taken into consideration. The paper proposes a probabilistic …

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Explicit Solutions For Real-Time Reversible Inhibition Kinetics Using Lambert W Function: Towards Progress Curve Analysis, Geradius Deogratias, Makungu Madirisha, Fortunatus Jacob Dec 2022

Explicit Solutions For Real-Time Reversible Inhibition Kinetics Using Lambert W Function: Towards Progress Curve Analysis, Geradius Deogratias, Makungu Madirisha, Fortunatus Jacob

Tanzania Journal of Science

Accurate estimation of kinetic parameters is challenging due to the dynamics and mathematical nature of the chemical systems. This paper presents simple, yet efficient closed-form solutions for the enzymatic conversion of the substrate to the product in real-time derived using the Lambert W function. The real values of the Lambert W function were calculated from the Lambert package as implemented in MATLAB. The expressions exhibit remarkable robustness in estimating the parameters for randomized data at 1% to 4% variation in noise levels. Furthermore, unlike the initial rates method, the expressions estimate chemical kinetic parameters utilizing a full range of experimental …

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Spatial Analysis Of Groundwater Potential: A Firsthand Approach Towards Groundwater Development In Moroto District, Uganda, Musa W. Lowot, Augustina C. Alexander Dec 2022

Spatial Analysis Of Groundwater Potential: A Firsthand Approach Towards Groundwater Development In Moroto District, Uganda, Musa W. Lowot, Augustina C. Alexander

Tanzania Journal of Science

Groundwater is a vital resource that helps mankind and development. However, in Moroto District challenges of groundwater development has increased arising from changes in rainfall patterns coupled with high abstraction from population increase. In this study, the spatial variability of groundwater potential was assessed to develop a tool that will aid decision on groundwater potential sites selection for groundwater development/exploration. The study utilized an integrated technique and tools such as Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in analysis and delineation of potential areas for successful groundwater development. The generated map through weighted overlay …

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Mineralogical And Physicomechanical Characterization Of Kaolinitic Clay From Moshi, Northern Tanzania For Potential Ceramic Utilization, Samwel Paul Mziray, Harieth Hellar-Kihampa, Esther H.J. Lugwisha, Leonard Douglas Akwilapo Dec 2022

Mineralogical And Physicomechanical Characterization Of Kaolinitic Clay From Moshi, Northern Tanzania For Potential Ceramic Utilization, Samwel Paul Mziray, Harieth Hellar-Kihampa, Esther H.J. Lugwisha, Leonard Douglas Akwilapo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Kaolin clay from Moshi, northern Tanzania has been characterized for potential ceramics productions. Clay samples taken from three different levels of the deposit were analysed by XRD and XRF. Firing experiments were carried out on experimental briquettes at a maximum temperature of 1300 °C at the rate of 100 °C/hour. The results revealed dominance of kaolinite and illite in the raw clay. The samples were composed majorly by silica (36.88–41.62%), alumina (30.83–32.40%) and hematite (9.29–12.70%). Granulometric analysis showed that the amount of clay decreased with deposit depth. The physicomechanical properties of the clay fired at the optimal temperature of 1300 …

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Cenozoic Extension Of The Lake Tanganyika Rift, East Africa: Structures, Tectonostratigraphy And Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Shaidu Shaban Dec 2022

Cenozoic Extension Of The Lake Tanganyika Rift, East Africa: Structures, Tectonostratigraphy And Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Shaidu Shaban

Dissertations - ALL

Active continental rifts are ideal sites for understanding the break-up of continents, and long-lived rift lake environments are known as important reservoirs for endemic communities and biodiversity. The sedimentary fill of extensional continental rifts within the East Africa Rift System (EARS) records a long history of continental extension and variable tropical climate that is unparalleled in its duration and fidelity. Continental extensional basins are sensitive to variations caused by the interplay between tectonics, sedimentary processes, and climate change. However, to discern the sedimentary fill history and its related tectonostratigraphy, as well as for reconstructing past climate changes, high-fidelity data such …

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A Robust Random Forest Prediction Model For Mother-To-Child Hiv Transmission Based On Individual Medical History, Rebecca Chaula Dec 2022

A Robust Random Forest Prediction Model For Mother-To-Child Hiv Transmission Based On Individual Medical History, Rebecca Chaula

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continues to be a leading cause of mortality and reduces manpower throughout the world. HIV transmission from mother to child is still a global challenge in health research. According to UNAIDS, in every 7 girls, 6 are found to be newly infected among adolescents whereby 15-24 years are likely to be living with HIV which is the maternal age and likely to transfer to the child. Machine learning methods have been used to predict HIV/AIDS transmission from mother to child but left behind some important considerations including the use of patient-level information and techniques in balancing …

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The Use Of Online Social Media Platforms By Tanzania Journalists To Produce And Disseminate Development News, Elisha Magolanga Dec 2022

The Use Of Online Social Media Platforms By Tanzania Journalists To Produce And Disseminate Development News, Elisha Magolanga

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Advancement in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are revolutionizing Development Journalism (DJ) into an effective strategy for building competitive economies globally. However, many countries in Africa including Tanzania are slow in tapping potentials of ICT for development journalism. Digital penetration in the form of the Internet and social media are changing the way in which journalists are mobilizing and engaging communities in journalism practises, a key strategy for a competitive digitalised economy. This paper was guided by Development Communication Theory and Diffusion of Innovation Theory to explore the use of online social media by journalists in Tanzania to practice development …

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Isolation Of Ddos Attacks And Flash Events In Internet Traffic Using Deep Learning Techniques, Alex Frank Mongi Dec 2022

Isolation Of Ddos Attacks And Flash Events In Internet Traffic Using Deep Learning Techniques, Alex Frank Mongi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The adoption of network function visualization (NFV) and software defined radio (SDN) has created a tremendous increase in Internet traffic due to flexibility brought in the network layer. An increase in traffic flowing through the network poses a security threat that becomes tricky to detect and hence selects an appropriate mitigation strategy. Under such a scenario occurrence of the distributed denial of service (DDoS) and flash events (FEs) affect the target servers and interrupt services. Isolating the attacks is the first step before selecting an appropriate mitigation technique. However, detecting and isolating the DDoS attacks from FEs when happening simultaneously …

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Iot-Based Smart Fishing Gear For Sustainability Of The Tanzania Blue Economy, Abdi Abdalla Dec 2022

Iot-Based Smart Fishing Gear For Sustainability Of The Tanzania Blue Economy, Abdi Abdalla

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The fishing industry engages many Tanzanians and is among the leading sectors of Blue Economy in the country. However, fishing practices are small-scale with poor and insufficient number of fishing facilities, hence limiting productivity and efficacy. Studies argue that the low level of technology currently used in the country could possibly be an impeding factor. Specifically, fishers use non interactive gears that cannot instantaneously update status and alert them whenever the gears are ready for collection. In such scenarios, fishers not only waste their time but also scarce resources such as fuel to facilitate trips to and from the fishing …

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Investigating The Support For Agility In Developing Government Software Systems: A Case Of Three East African Countries, Leonard Peter Binamungu Dec 2022

Investigating The Support For Agility In Developing Government Software Systems: A Case Of Three East African Countries, Leonard Peter Binamungu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Agile Software Development Methods support an iterative and incremental way of developing software systems while responding to change by prioritising various aspects at different times. This differs from traditional sequential methods like Waterfall, in which one software development stage has to be completed before starting the next stage. To produce software systems that meet the requirements of their institutions, several governments in Africa have issued standards and guidelines to be followed during the development of government software systems. Such standards and guidelines specify the specific activities and deliverables for each stage of software development. While well-intentioned, such guidelines and standards …

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On Blockchain Performance Enhancement: A Systematic Map Of Strategies Used, Anthony Kigombola Dec 2022

On Blockchain Performance Enhancement: A Systematic Map Of Strategies Used, Anthony Kigombola

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Blockchain technology is one among the recent innovations in the computing industry. Blockchains have gathered a widespread interest in the industry mainly due to their security promise. Despite the anticipated benefits of Blockchains, there are several limitations which make the technology less suitable in large scale applications such as banking, one being low throughput. Several initiatives to improve the throughput of Blockchains are being tried out both in the academia and the business worlds but no systematic classification of the initiatives and the strategies used has been done. This study explores Blockchain performance improvement initiatives and classify the initiatives by …

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Treatments Of Cyanobacteria On Mariculture Sponges In Jambiani, Tanzania, Sally Thornton-White Oct 2022

Treatments Of Cyanobacteria On Mariculture Sponges In Jambiani, Tanzania, Sally Thornton-White

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Since 2009, Marine Cultures, an NGO, has explored sponge farming in Jambiani to develop secure and sustainable livelihoods for the community. While sponge farming provides economic opportunity for an industry that functions within ecological boundaries, it faces unique issues that threaten its success. As climate change increases global water temperatures, cyanobacteria are causing increased death rates among mariculture sponges. Mitigating these negative effects with sustainable and reliable solutions can help Marine Cultures grow their positive impact. Alternative methods for mitigating cyanobacteria growth were tested during three study phases. Phase 1 tested how sponge health and algae growth responds to being …

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Pulsed Lased Deposition Of Single-Crystalline (001) Oriented Pb(Zr0.5t0.5)O3 Thin Film On Prsco3 Substrate, Mahamudu H. Mtebwa, Nava Setter Sep 2022

Pulsed Lased Deposition Of Single-Crystalline (001) Oriented Pb(Zr0.5t0.5)O3 Thin Film On Prsco3 Substrate, Mahamudu H. Mtebwa, Nava Setter

Tanzania Journal of Science

High quality thin films are important for domain engineering applications such as on-volatile memory applications. Single crystalline (001) oriented Pb (Zr0.5T0.5)O3 thin films have been grown by pulsed laser deposition on PrScO3 with strontium ruthenate (SRO) electrodes. Thin films were prepared from PZT ceramic targets with 15% excess PbO to compensate for lead loss at high deposition temperature. Layer by layer/step flow growth mode observed on AFM images has been realised by using a single terminated PrScO3 substrate as well as optimized deposition parameters. XRD measurements have confirmed the highly (001) oriented tetragonal symmetry. Furthermore, analysis conducted using piezoresponse force …

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Evaluation Of Natural Antifungal Compounds From Artemisia Afra And Its Effectiveness On Prevention Of Aflatoxins, Noela G. Kilenga, Daniel Maeda, Oscar Kibazohi, Lilian D. Kaale Sep 2022

Evaluation Of Natural Antifungal Compounds From Artemisia Afra And Its Effectiveness On Prevention Of Aflatoxins, Noela G. Kilenga, Daniel Maeda, Oscar Kibazohi, Lilian D. Kaale

Tanzania Journal of Science

Artemisia afra is a medicinal plant with antimicrobial activities, known to treat tuberculosis, measles, cough, and influenza. In consequence, its applications have increasingly become pivotal to control various microbes which cause different diseases. This study therefore, evaluated the chemical composition and the antifungal activity of A. afra essential oil. The extraction of essential oil was done using steam distillation. The essential oil chemical composition was analysed by GC-MS. The analysis revealed 19 compounds from A. afra. The main compounds were borneol (71.529%), terpinen-4-ol (8.582%), β-thujone (3.283%), β-terpineol (2.590%), α-terpineol (1.791%), chrysanthenone (1.507%), myrtenal (1.393%), eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) (1.263%), cis-sabinene hydrate (1.172%) …

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Urinary Schistosomiasis And Its Potential For Cancer And Hepato-Renal Function Alterations Among The Residents Of Asejire Dam, South-Western Nigeria, Omowumi O. Adewale, Monsurat O. Odebode, Maryam O. Mustapha, Oluwatosin A. Adetuyi, Monsuru A. Adeleke Sep 2022

Urinary Schistosomiasis And Its Potential For Cancer And Hepato-Renal Function Alterations Among The Residents Of Asejire Dam, South-Western Nigeria, Omowumi O. Adewale, Monsurat O. Odebode, Maryam O. Mustapha, Oluwatosin A. Adetuyi, Monsuru A. Adeleke

Tanzania Journal of Science

Urinary schistosomiasis is of public health significance in sub-Saharan Africa with its prevalence being linked to carcinogenesis. However, there is a paucity of data to support this relationship. This study explored the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infections and its associations with cancer and hepatorenal function alterations in villages along the Asejire dam in the State of Osun, Nigeria. Urine samples from 152 consented participants (aged 18–75 years) from four communities were collected and examined for Schistosoma haematobium using the microscopy method. The blood serum of randomly selected infected and non-infected individuals (10 per group) was screened for tumor, …

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Effects Of Multilayer Structure On The Microstructure And Optical Properties Of The Dc Sputtered Chromium Thin Films For Selective Solar Absorber Applications, Justine J. Tibaijuka, Margaret E. Samiji, Mmantsae Diale, Nuru R. Mlyuka Sep 2022

Effects Of Multilayer Structure On The Microstructure And Optical Properties Of The Dc Sputtered Chromium Thin Films For Selective Solar Absorber Applications, Justine J. Tibaijuka, Margaret E. Samiji, Mmantsae Diale, Nuru R. Mlyuka

Tanzania Journal of Science

Chromium thin films exhibit several properties that make them potential for solar thermal applications. In this work the effect of film thickness and sputtering power based multilayer structure on the optical properties of DC sputtered chromium thin films is reported. The structural, topological, and optical properties of these films were determined by X-ray diffractometer, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Ultraviolet-Visible-Near Infrared spectrophotometer, respectively. XRD spectra revealed a single peak with preferential orientation of (200) and (210) for single layer and multilayer chromium films, respectively. The grain size and roughness were relatively higher for the multilayer compared to single layer Chromium films. …

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Generation Of Geochemical Exploration Targets From Regional Stream Sediment Data Using Principal Component And Factor Analysis: A Case Study Of Kibaya-Kiteto, Manyara-Tanzania, Yusto J. Shine, Charles D. Moye, Godfrey J. Mallya, Ambaliche L. Tamambele Sep 2022

Generation Of Geochemical Exploration Targets From Regional Stream Sediment Data Using Principal Component And Factor Analysis: A Case Study Of Kibaya-Kiteto, Manyara-Tanzania, Yusto J. Shine, Charles D. Moye, Godfrey J. Mallya, Ambaliche L. Tamambele

Tanzania Journal of Science

A regional-scale stream sediment geochemical sampling was carried out with an average sampling density of one sample per nine square-kilometre in Kiteto District, Manyara Region. A total of 358 stream sediment samples were collected and analysed for major and trace elements by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fire assay with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) finish methods. In this study, Factor and Principal Component Multivariate (FPCM) analyses have been used to the stream geochemical data to delineate potential mineralization zones by plotting correlated factors as geochemical anomaly maps. Four factors that account for 73.7% of the total variance of the stream sediment …

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