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Genetic Differentiation In Populations Of The Freshwater Amphipod Gammarus Minus Say In A Karst Area, Steven W. Hetrick, James L. Gooch

International Journal of Speleology

The genetic makeup of populations in a particular geographic area should conform, in part, to environmental structure. Three polymorphic enzyme loci in the amphipod Gammarus minus are geographically differentiated in gene frequencies in the mid-Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, and genetic breaks usually coincide with topographical features and stream divides. Areas with well integrated drainage systems have a high degree of genetic uniformity.

Investigations Of The Troglobitic Crayfish Orconectes Inermis Testii (Hay) In Mayfield's Cave, Monroe County, Indiana, H. H. Hobbs Iii

International Journal of Speleology

Mark-recapture studies of some aspects of the biology of the cavernicolous crayfish, Orconectes inermis testii (Hay), were conducted from December, 1969 to March, 1970, in Mayfield’s Cave, Monroe County, Indiana. Population size was estimated to be 66 +/- 9 (95% C.L.) for the 300 m study area, but because of the small sample size, this is undoubtedly a deflated value. Size of animals, expressed as total length, indicates that the population was comprised primarily of adults. Seventy-four percent of the marked crayfish moved no more than 10.5 m away (total upstream and downstream distances) from the tagging site. Hence, this …

International Symposium On Groundwater Biology: Introduction, John R. Holsinger, Arthur L. Buikema Jr.

International Journal of Speleology

Short presentation of the Symposium on Groundwater.

Variation Among Populations Of The Troglobitic Amphipod Crustacean Crangonyx Antennatus Packard (Crangonyctidae) Living In Different Habitats, Iii: Population Dynamics And Stability, Gary W. Dickson, John R. Holsinger

International Journal of Speleology

Populations of the troglobitic amphipod Crangonyx antennatus from caves in Lee Co., Virginia (U.S.A.) were investigated on both a short and long term basis. The dynamics of populations living in two distinct aquatic cave habitats (mud-bottom pools and gravel-bottom streams) were compared seasonably for one year. Sex ratios indicated a larger number of females in both pool and stream habitats. The majority of males in both habitats were found to be sexually mature throughout the year investigated. Seasonal fluctuations in female maturity were observed in both habitats, with larger numbers collected in June and August. In addition, a larger number …

Genetic Population Structure In An Amphipod Species, James L. Gooch, S. W. Golladay

International Journal of Speleology

Genetic structure of a species should conform, in part, to environmental structure. Three polymorphic enzyme loci in the amphipod Gammarus minus Say are geographically differentiated in gene frequencies in the mid-Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, and genetic breaks usually coincide with topographical features and stream divides. Considering alleles as migrational markers, it is expected that heterozygosity would decrease upstream in isolated drainage basins, increase in the headwaters of adjacent but oppositely flowing streams in which gene exchange was occurring between genetically differentiated populations, and increase in sites near regional master streams. These genetic patterns were found to exist …

Some Implications Of Competition For Cave Stream Communities, David C. Culver

International Journal of Speleology

Based on recent theoretical work by Robert May and Richard Levins, two hypotheses about time fluctuations in abundance of competing species were generated. Data for isopods and amphipods from four cave stream communities in Virginia and West Virginia were used to test the predictions. First, variance of total abundance should be less than the sum of the variances of individual species’ abundances. In three of four communities studied, the prediction was confirmed, but none were statistically significant. Positive correlations among carrying capacities of competing species may explain the poor agreement with predictions. Second, the signs of 19 correlations and partial …

Distribution Of Ostracods In The Groundwater Of The North Western Coast Of Euboea (Greece), Dan L. Danielopol

International Journal of Speleology

Freshwater fauna from 20 wells located 15-200 m from the seashore as well as marine interstitial fauna from the coastal zone around the village Aghios Georghios (Cape Likhada) have been investigated. Freshwater hypogean ostracods live mainly in protected wells having clean bottom and little particulate organic matter from which the water is moderately pumped. Epigean freshwater ostracods dominate in unprotected wells with large amounts of organic matter on the bottom. There is a sharp difference between the ostracod fauna living in fresh groundwater (mainly Cypridids) and those living in coastal marine interstitial habitats (marine Cytherids and Polycopids). It is suggested …

The Edwards Aquifer: Earth's Most Diverse Groundwater Ecosystem?, Glenn Longley

International Journal of Speleology

Recent studies on the Edwards Aquifer, a karstic formed cavernous system in Texas, indicate an extremely diverse community of aquatic troglobites. Sampling of wells and springs is providing new insight into the dynamics of this fascinating system, which is possibly the most diverse subterranean aquatic ecosystem known in the world today.

Perspectives In The Study Of The Zoogeography Of Interstitial Crustacea: Bathynellacea (Syncarida) And Parastenocarididae (Copepoda), Horst Kurt Schminke

International Journal of Speleology

Aspects of the zoogeography of Bathynellacea and Parastenocarididae are discussed in the light of my recent investigations. Parastenocarididae in Australia are rare and not very diverse in number of species. Four species belonging to three genera were collected on a tour through Australia in 1968. Despite relationships to species from other Gondwanian landmasses the poorness of the Australian fauna, together with the apparent ability of this family to spread over longer distances, suggest a late arrival of Parastenocarididae in Australia. Invasion is likely to have taken place from two directions. As for the Bathynellacea, the relationships presumed to exist between …

Investigation Of The Mutual Influence Between A Polluted River And Its Hyporheic, Milan Meŝtrov, Romana Lattinger-Penko

International Journal of Speleology

This paper describes investigations of fundamental biological and pratical importance. Interstitial subterranean water (hyporheic) which is near a polluted river in a plain is the subject of the study. The water is becoming increasingly important as a source of drinking water. The relation of the hyporheic water to the physical, chemical, bacteriological and faunistic characteristics of the river is discussed.

Distribution And Habitat Diversity Of Subterranean Amphipods In The Rocky Mountains Of Colorado, U. S. A., James V. Ward, John R. Holsinger

International Journal of Speleology

Subterranean amphipods have been collected from 35 locations on the eastern and western slopes of the Continental Divide in Colorado. All belong to the exclusively subterranean genus Stygobromus. Five species have been identified, two of which are undescribed. Specimens have been collected from (a) the hyporheic zone of rivers, (b) interrupted streams, (c) springs, and (d) seeps at elevations from 1597-2134 m a.s.l. Stygobromus occurs in several habitat types in interrupted drainage basins including sources, seeps, and isolated pools containing leaf detritus. All habitats contained waters which were cool to cold with dissolved oxygen values ranging from 4.3 ppm …

Neutron Activation Analysis Of Nuclides From Stellar And Man-Induced Nuclear Reactions, Lawrence Lee Oliver

Doctoral Dissertations

"Neutron activation and γ-counting were used to determine the relative abundances of six stable tellurium isotopes in the acid-etched residues of the Allende meteorite. The results were correlated with the isotopic compositions of xenon and the elemental abundances of helium and neon in similarly prepared residues. Nucleosynthesis appears to be the only viable explanation for the anomalous isotopic and elemental compositions observed in these residues. Our results suggest that the solar system condensed from an isotopically and chemically zoned nebula that was produced by the explosion of a supernova, concentric with the present sun.

A combination of neutron activation and …

A Study Of Leslie Model Under Stochastic Environments, Kamran Shaukat

Dissertations and Theses

The prediction and analysis of changes in the numbers of biological populations rest on mathematical formulations of demographic events (births and deaths) classified by the age of individuals. The development of demographic theory when birth and death rates vary statistically over time is the central theme of this work. A study of the standard Leslie model for the demographic dynamics of populations in variable environments is made. At each time interval a Leslie matrix of survival rates and fertilities of a population is chosen according to a Markov process and the population numbers in different age classes are computed. Analytical …

The Role Of Technological Change, Robert U. Ayres, Steven M. Miller

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We develop an optimal growth model that includes several important new features. First, technological change is endogenously related to the growth of 'knowledge.' Investment may be directed either towards physical capital or knowledge (or both). Knowledge becomes an effective substitute for scarce resources by increasing the technical efficiency of resource utilization both for consumption and in capital. Nevertheless, a finite quantity resource must be embodied in capital and a finite flow is required for depreciation. Thus, there is an upper limit to technical efficiency and economic growth is thus ultimately limited by the availability of renewable resources. For a simple …

Methods For Biological, Chemical, And Physical Analyses In Reservoirs, Penelope E. Kellar, Sherell A. Paulson, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

This manual contains detailed descriptions of biological, chemical and physical sampling and analytical procedures used at the Lake Mead Limnological Research Center. The manual was prepared in response to requests made by numerous individuals involved in the Las Vegas Valley Water Quality Program. This manual represents what we consider to be a reasonably complete compilation of methods useful in studying both general and specific limnological questions. While each section is sufficiently detailed to be of use to investigators with little experience in limnological methodology, the methods can be used on a wide variety of lakes and reservoirs, with relatively little …

Iron And Life, Thomas Emery

Faculty Honor Lectures

Iron, iron, everywhere but. . . . The plight of the ancient mariner surrounded by undrinkable water could hardly have been more frustrating than life on earth with respect to iron. Iron is the fourth most abundant element of the earth's surface, exceeded only by oxygen, silicon, and aluminum. Virtually all forms of life from the simplest bacteria to humans require iron to catalyze numerous and complex metabolic reactions. Because of the diversity and complexity of the role of iron in the life process, it has even been suggested that the origin of life on earth centered around the catalytic …

Geology Newsletter- 1980, Department Of Geology

Geological and Environmental Sciences News

Vol. 1. No. 5

• Dear Alumni and Friends
• Alumni News

The Probe, Issue 9 - November 1980

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:
Cecil D. Andrus, lawsuit
All Together Now – Let’s Sue Andrus
desert tortoise
Treasury Reports
Ken Green of Avitrol Corporation has an article in PEST CONTROL
Black-footed ferret
A new social disease, "coyotitis"
The Brotherhood
Rats
Regulation Scoreboard: Government 80 : Taxpayer 0
Coleman Company has just introduced a little gadget
Ol’ Timer’s Corner: Walt Boehm, Virgil Parsons, Mark Worcester
NRA Hunting Annual
Wildlife Legislative Fund of America
Blueberries added to the list of fruits that can be sprayed with MESUROL
TRAPPING BENEFITS PEOPLE AND WILD ANIMALS
William D. Fitzwater

Water Current, Volume 12, No. 6, November/December 1980

Water Current Newsletter

Proposal Deadline for OWRT Annual Cooperative Program
New Staff Addition
Legislative Record Available
General Guidelines Available
Water Resource Seminar Series
MRBC Launches Missouri River Flood Plain Study
Interim Study on Irrigated Western Farmlands Indicates Most Are Small Operations
Federal Water Resources Research Priorities
Research Review: Remotely Sensed Crop Temperatures for Water Resources Management

Umr Minerals Building: An Innovative Approach To The Construction Of Underground Buildings, Bruce H. Green, David A. Summers

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The original intent of the exercice was to develop a design for a new minerals engineering building which would demonstrate the applicability and feasibility of an underground building complex to our administration and to the Board of Curators. Two major advantages were foreseen for such a building. Not only would it be immensely superior, in terms of energy demand, to the conventional aboveground buildings previously constructed by the University, but it also would have highly significant symbollic and educational effects on the students of the several disciplines comprising the UMR "School of Mines and Metallurgy". It would also serve as …

Acid Precipitation: The Coal Legacy In The Upper Midwest, Dennis M. Richter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Increased use of coal in industry and utilities has resulted in acid precipitation associated with SOx and NOx emissions. The resultant aquatic and terrestial problems, and their solutions, are of considerable concern to the upper Midwest states.

Epizootic Of Coccidiosis In Free-Flying Lesser Scaup, R. M. Windingstad, M. E. Mcdonald, L. N. Locke, S. M. Kerr, J. A. Sinn

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Staff Research Publications

A coccidiosis epizootic has occurred in lesser scaup (Aythsa affinis) at Bluestem Reservoir in eastern Nebraska during the spring in each of three recent years: 1976-1978. Losses peaked during the period from mid-March through April. As much as 29 % of the peak population of scaup using the reservoir died. Necropsies of 72 of the nearly 1390 scaup that died revealed destruction and sloughing of the intestinal mucosa and associated hemorrhaging. Fibrinonecrotic cores were frequently found in the intestinal lumens. Scrapings from the intestinal mucosal contained massive numbers of oocysts of the coccidian Eimeria aythyae. This is …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 12, Numbers 3 And 4. September–December 1980

The Prairie Naturalist

THE FLORA AND SANDHILLS PRAIRIE COMMUNITIES OF ARAPAHO PRAIRIE, ARTHUR COUNTY, NEBRASKA ▪ K. H. Keeler, A. T. Harrison and L. S. Vescio

USE OF ULTRASONIC SOUND TO ESTIMATE BODY FAT DEPOTS IN THE MALLARD ▪ G. A. Baldassarre, R. J. Whyte and E. G. Bolen

NORTHERN MOCKINGBIRD BREEDING IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ D. Child, J. Fontaine, T. Gatz, M. Johnson and J. Oswald

SPRING ARRIVAL OF BIRDS AT WOODWORTH, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ K. F. Higgins, L. M. Kirsch, and J. M. Callow

HYBRIDIZATION AND TAXONOMIC STATUS OF GREATER PRAIRIE CHICKENS AND SHARP-TAILED GROUSE (HYBRIDIZATION IN GROUSE) ▪ D. W. …

Hydrographic Observations In The Georgia Bight (April 1979), S. R. Lansey, L. P. Atkinson

CCPO Publications

During a cruise in the Georgia Bight in April 1979, an onshore-offshore hydrographic section of thirteen stations was repeated thirteen times. Four additional onshore-offshore hydrographic sections were completed north and south of the main section. Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient (N0₃, PO₄, and Si0₂) data were collected.

Two spin off eddies were observed at the Gulf Stream front at the shelfbreak. These eddies resulted in the upwelling of nutrient-enriched North Atlantic Central Water. A period of downwelling was observed between the two upwelling events. The cycling between upwelling and downwelling was relatively rapid. …

The Distribution Of Cesium-137, Copper, Lead And Zinc In Various Sedimentary Environments Of The James River Estuary, Virginia, Colin Stevenson Moy

OES Theses and Dissertations

Ten grab samples and eight cores were obtained within a short stretch of the James River estuary. The distribution of CU, Pb, Zn, Cs-137, organic carbon (TOC) and fine-grained sediments in various depositional environments were examined. Within the past quarter of a century, these measured parameters have been accumulating preferentially in the low energy environment (Burwell Bay). The inventory of Cs-137 in the cores was linearly related to the inventory of heavy metals and TOC. The concentrations of Cs-137 in the surface sediments vary linearly to those of the other parameters suggesting that Cs-137 may be used as a tracer …

Litter Production And Nutrient Content Of Litter In The Seasonally Flooded Dismal Swamp, Marta M. Gomez

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Litter production was studied in four plant communities in the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia, that differ primarily in species composition and flooding regime. Greatest leaf deposition occurred in the more flooded communities, maple-gum (Acer-Nyssa) with 536 g m^-2 yr^-1 and cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard) with 528 g m^-2 yr^-1, followed by the cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP) and mixed hardwood (Quercus-Acer-Nyssa-Liquidambar) communities with 506 g m^-2 yr^-1 and 455 g m^-2 yr^-1, respectively. Litter nutrient concentrations were generally higher in the cypress and maple-gum stands, indicating greater nutrient availability …

Water Current, Volume 12, No. 5, September/October 1980

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
Research Proposal Deadlines
"Focus Area" R&D Proposals Submitted
NWRC Research Program
Water Resources Seminar Series
FER Workshop
Global Report 2000 Completed
Groundwater Controls Necessary
Research Review: Public Attitudes of Nebraskans Toward Water Policy

Epa Profile Of Environmental Quality Nebraska, Kathleen Q. Camin

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri, which make up EPA Region VII, are among the leading corn and wheat producing States in the Nation_ These States also produce a significant share of the soybean, grain sorghum, fat cattle, and finished hogs that are supplied to American and foreign markets.

Although the States in Region VII can best be characterized as rural, 65 percent of their nearly 12 million people live in urban areas. In Nebraska, metropolitan areas such as Omaha 4 have environmental problems resulting from major industrial operations, municipal services, transportation, and energy production. Metropolitan areas, however, do not have …

The Probe, Issue 8 - September 1980

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:
Probing for the Probe
Who says ADC doesn’t cover the waterfront!? And the Dumps Too!
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Animal Damage Control Activities (Operational and Extension)
Bats
Steel Leg Hold Live Trap by Milton Caroline
Ol’Timer’s Corner: Cliff Presnall
EPA Key to Post Mortem Symptoms
Some Coyotes Can’t Wait
Animal Rights by Homer S. Ford
Seen any Black-footed Ferrets Recently?
William D. Fitzwater

Mass Marking Of Mosquitofish: Preliminary Results, Bruce Vondracek, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Joseph J. Cech Jr.

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Three marking techniques were tested to determine their applicability for mosquitofish. Tetracycline drugs and DC Ar administered in the diet successfully marked laboratory-cultured mosquitofish, but exposure to direct sunlight in outdoor tanks resulted in the rapid disappearance of the marks. Preliminary data on fluorescent marks from a polystyrene pigment in a melamine-sulfonamide-formaldehyde resin forced into the dermal ,tissue with compressed air are more promising.

A t an optimal deliver pressure of 7.3 m Hg (140 p.s.i.) and spraying time of 15 sec., marking percentage is maximized and fish mortality is minimized. Mark retention time was up to 80 days in …