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The Genus: A Macroevolutionary Problem, Cliff A. Lemen, Patricia W. Freeman

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

This paper centers on the macroevolutionary problem surrounding the concept of the vertebrate genus. We have been fascinated by the apparent tendency of members of a genus to have the same shape in contrast to the great differences in shape among genera at the family level. If this is true, genera would be considered shape conservative groups. Our initial view of this contrast in shape variation within and among genera leads us to question whether the same evolutionary processes that produce genera can simply be extended to produce families. To approach this question two things need to be done. First, …

The Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science April 27-28, 1984 [Program, 96th Meeting], Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

No abstract provided.

Phocoena Spinipinnis, Robert L. Brownell Jr., Ricardo Praderi

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti, Superfamily Delphinoidea, Family Phocoenidae. The genus Phocoena now includes four species. No subspecies are rec- ognized in P. spinipinnis.

Program Abstracts, 96th Session, Iowa Academy Of Science, April 27-28 1984, Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

Presentation abstracts from the annual meeting of the Iowa Academy of Science

Ixtoc I: Case Study Of A Major Oil Spill, Peter G. Myer

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The most disastrous oil spill the western hemisphere has ever witnessed occurred during the 10 months between June 1979 and March 1980, when the experimental well IXTOC I blew out off the coast of Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. The disaster's effects on South Texas virtually destroyed a year's earnings for the region's tourism industry and cut into the profits of many commercial fishermen. The activities at the well that caused the blowout and subsequent spill, the effects of the oil on Texas' Gulf Coast, and the legal attempts to recover against losses suffered as a result of the spill will be …

Fundy Tidal Power Development : Preliminary Evaluation Of Its Environmental Consequences To The Resources Of The State Of Maine, Bigelow Laboratory For Ocean Sciences

Maine Collection

Fundy Tidal Power Development : Preliminary Evaluation of Its Environmental Consequences to the Resources of the State of Maine

A Report to the Maine State Planning Office by the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, April, 1984.

"Technical Report No. 35 - Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine - A Division of Northeastern Research Foundation, Inc."

Contents: Executive Summary / Introduction / Methods / Physical and Biological Consequences / Socio-Economic Consequences / Research Needs / Bibliography / Appendix I. Written Comments on Greenberg Model

The Probe, Issue 42 - April 1984

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

The Probe National Animal Damage Control Association
No. 42 April, 1984
California Vertebrate Pest Conference
Rodent Bait Station
6th Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop
Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage
House Sparrows
Cholecalciferol
Letters to Ye Ed
Denver Wildlife Research Center

Homogeneous Nucleation Rate For Water, Donald E. Hagen, James L. Kassner

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Homogeneous nucleation rate data for water extending over an exceptionally large domain of rate (J), supersaturation ratio (S), and temperature (T) was recently published. Because it spans a large J-S-T surface, this data constitutes a good test of nucleation theory. Here classical nucleation theory is used to analyze this data. By adjusting only the sticking coefficient, we are able to obtain a good fit between theory and experiment. It was necessary to include an increase in the water molecular density associated with the finite water compressibility.

Investigation Of Matrix Effects On The Furnace Atomic Absorption Signals Of Chromium, Nickel And Selenium, Susan Marie Viet

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

The flameless atomic absorption signals of chromium, nickel and selenium are subject to matrix interferences arising from inorganic salts and anions commonly found in urine. The effects of such salts on the atomic absorption signals were investigated using Polarized Zeeman Effect background correction in conjunction with a detector/readout system capable of resolving absorbance signals in 18 msec readings. Both optical temperature control and current temperature control were employed for each analysis. Peak area, peak height, peak shape and appearance time were compared for matrix-free standards and matrix-containing standards.

The influence of the inorganic salts on the metal analyses was found …

A Description And Analysis Of The Timing Of Virginia's Weakfish Fishery, Bruce William Hill

OES Theses and Dissertations

The seasonality of Virginia's weakfish fishery is quantitatively defined by providing a mean time of catch and variance of catch for the years 1960 - 1981. On the average. the central half of the population is available for harvest from mid-May through September in all of Virginia's waters and the mean date of harvest is July 20th • The 22 year average variance of catch for Virginia's waters is 3.97. In Virginia's Chesapeake Bay tributaries the mean date of harvest is July 17th and the 22 year average variance of catch is 2.50. There is evidence for an inverse relationship …

Timing Of The Blue Crab Fisheries Of Virginia And Its Application To Harvest Management, J. Dale Shively

OES Theses and Dissertations

The timing of a fishery is a quantitative expression of the composite behaviors of harvesters, markets, animals and climatic events. A quantitative description of the timing of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) fisheries of Virginia was established using the time density model of Mundy (1979). Blue crab catch statistics supplied by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Virginia Marine Resource Commission were divided into two fisheries based on gear type; the summer and winter fisheries. Average performance curves were then constructed using average cumulative proportions of catch. Annual yield estimates were also made and timing in five …

Analysis Of Central Equatorial Pacific Water Masses By Method Of Principal Components, Ross Tuxhorn

OES Theses and Dissertations

The distribution of Antarctic Intermediate Water at the extent of dispersion in the equatorial Pacific Ocean was investigated by means of multivariate analysis. Interrelationships among the upper intermediate water masses at this location are proposed.

Oceanographic data contained in seven cruise legs measured during the 1979-80 Hawaii to Tahiti Shuttle Experiment formed the basis of this study. Six parameters -- temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, silicate and nitrate -- were used in the method of principal component analysis to classify water masses between the sea surface and 1000m. The derived water masses were compatible with previously described oceanographic features of …

Phytoplankton Ecology And Dynamics In The James River Estuary Virginia, U. S. A., Margaret J. Filardo

OES Theses and Dissertations

Autotrophic biomass and productivity as well as nutrient distributions and phytoplankton cell populations in the James River estuary, Virginia, from Newport News Shipyard to the 0 o/oo isohaline, were sampled on a monthly basis from August of 1981 to December of 1982. Particular emphasis was placed on the very low salinity region (defined as the location where surface salinity measured between 0.0 and 0.75 o/oo based on conductivity) in order to determine the fate of fresh water phytoplankters upon being advected into the estuary because of their suspected role in the biogeochemical cycling that occurs there.

Both chlorophyll a and …

A Method For Determining Creosote Contamination Of Sediment From The Elizabeth River, Norfolk, Va, Elizabeth G. Merrill

OES Theses and Dissertations

Hydrocarbon input sources to the Elizabeth River were investigated. Carbonized coal products (creosote, coal tar, and roof tar), petroleum products (Kuwait Crude Oil, No. 2 Fuel Oil, and a fuel oil spill sample) and soot (woodstove and diesel engine) have unique hydrocarbon distributions. Elizabeth River sediment hydrocarbon distributions indicate that they are contaminated with both carbonized coal and petroleum products. Using a simple two member mixing model, greater than 65 percent of Elizabeth River sediments' resolved aromatic compounds were determined to originate from carbonized coal products. These aromatic hydrocarbons include the EPA priority pollutant polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons which are known …

The Aquatic Geochemistry Of The Particle-Reactive Radionuclides Po-210, Pb-210, And Be-7, James Forrest Todd

OES Theses and Dissertations

Integrated monthly wet-only and bulk precipitation samples for Be-7 and Pb-210 analysis were collected from November 1982 through October 1983 at two sites in lower Chesapeake Bay. Atmospheric deposition fluxes for Be-7 in wet-only and bulk precipitation averaged 0.013 and 0.014 pCi/cm²/d, respectively, and for Pb-210 averaged 0.36 and 0.40 pCi/cm²/yr, respectively, suggesting that dry deposition makes only a minor contribution to the total fluxes.

A seasonal trend was observed in the depositional flux of Be-7, with a pronounced maximum in the Spring. Approximately 40 percent of the annual Be-7 deposition occurred between February and April, …

Bird Damage Chronology And Feeding Behavior In Two Sunflower Fields, Sacramento, California, 1982, Michael L. Avery, Richard Dehaven

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

Bird damage was assessed weekly from soon after anthesis until harvest in two sunflower fields in the Sacramento Valley, California, during 1982. Damage chronology was similar at both sites, with damage concentrated in the second to fourth weeks after anthesis when the seeds were in the doughy stage of development. Less than 10% of the total losses caused by birds occurred during the final month before harvest. Overall bird damage was quite low (0.20 and 0.26%) in each field and in one, damage by wind was 2.4 times greater than that caused by birds. Brewer's blackbirds (Euphagus cyanocephalus) …

Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

Contents

Biological Rationale For 1080 As A Predacide, Walter E. Howard, Robert H. Schmidt

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

Compound 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate) is a uniquely selective predacide for controlling coyotes, compared to other predacides. In addition to discussing the biological aspects of 1080, the reasons for the current emotional-political status of 1080 are also reviewed because the biological rationale concerning 1080 has been largely determined by a conspiracy orchestrated in 1972 by an individual of the Council on Environmental Quality but assisted by others from the U.S. Department of the Interior and the Environmental Protection Agency. Many of the distortions about 1080 can also be traced to environmental organizations which still use 1080 as an issue which they …

Gull Exclusion, George W.J. Laidlaw, Hans Blokpoel, Victor E.F. Solman, Margaret Mclaren

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

This paper reports on work carried out in a variety of sites and installations that have required active gull control. The methods used are a result of observations by a variety of researchers and attest to the effectiveness of a behavioral control technique with the use of thin steel spring wire or monofilament fishing line.

Research On Winter Roosting Blackbirds And Starlings In The Southeastern United States, Donald F. Mott

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

Each winter, more than 300 million blackbirds and starlings congregate in hundreds of roosting sites in the southeastern United States. In addition to nuisance problems involving odor and property damage from fecal material, and potential airport hazards, research studies to date suggest that the major problems with these birds and their roosts involve grain losses in feedlots, latent disease transmission to livestock, and public health concerns with histoplasmosis. Control methods development studies have shown the utility of Starlicide and nonchemical control methods in reducing starling feedlot problems. A sprinkler-irrigation delivery system for the surfactant, PA-14, has been developed that enhances …

Efficacy Of A Number Of Toxic Baits And Batting Against The Voles, Microtus Agrestis And Arvicola Terrestris , Marvo Myllymaki

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

The results from two series of control experiments against the voles, Microtus agrestis and Arvicola terrestris, are reported. In a series of field experiments in the 1970s, three acute toxicants (zinc phosphide, crimidine and difluorpropanol) were tested against Microtus. Difluorpropanol (Gliftor) was found to be the most effective, but no ready-made bait containing it was available. The performance of the crimidine bait (Kastrix) was good enough to fulfill the registration requirements, while the zinc phosphide bait (Myrax) failed to give acceptable results. In the second series (early 1980s) a brodi-facoum bait (Klerat) was found to be as efficacious …

Toxic Characteristics Of Fluorocitrate, The Toxic Metabolite Of Compound 1080 , Peter J. Savarie

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

This paper reviews toxicological research involving fluorocitrate, the toxic metabolite of sodium monofluoroacetate (fluoroacetate), which is the active ingredient in the pesticide Compound 1080. Many toxicological studies have been done with fluoroacetate and the results obtained are actually due to the fluorocitrate because it has been definitely proved that, from a biochemical perspective, fluoroacetate is not toxic but fluorocitrate is. The classical explanation of the toxic action of fluorocitrate is that it inhibits the enzyme aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Deactivation of aconitase results in decreased energy production by cells and ultimately death of the organism. However, the more …

The Use Of Wild Carnivore Serology In Determining Patterns Of Plague Activity In Rodents In California, Charles R. Smith, Bernard C. Nelson, Allan M. Barnes

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

Carnivores obtain plague infection through ingestion of infected rodents or rabbits or via flea bite. Most are resistant to infection, show little or no symptoms, and produce antibodies to Yersinia pestis which may persist for several months. Consequently, carnivores can be used as serological plague sentinels using the specific passive or indirect hemagglutination test in the laboratory. A carnivore serology program for plague detection began in California in 1974. The program is a cooperative effort incorporating state and federal vector-borne disease units and state and federal predator animal control personnel. The program has proven to be an important tool in …

Aldehyde Volatiles For Use As Coyote Attractants, Jerry H. Scrivner, Walter E. Howard, Roy Teranishi

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

This study was designed to evaluate the attractiveness of eight aldehyde volatiles (octanal, nonanal, decanal, undecanal, dodecanal, tridecanal, tetradecanal, and hexadecanal) found in sheep liver extract and coyote (Canis latrans) estrous urine to determine their potential for use as odor attractants in predator control. The odors were presented to captive coyotes at the Hopland Field Station and the length of time coyotes responded to the odors was recorded. Octanal, nonanal, decanal, and undecanal all elicited as much sniffing and rub-rolling as did a known coyote attractant, trimethylammo-nium decanoate (TMAD). Generally male and female coyotes were equally attracted to …

A New Concept In Pocket Gopher Control, Allen D. Tunberg, Walter E. Howard, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

A new concept in pocket gopher control is advanced which relies on two behavioral traits common to pocket gophers: 1) gophers are quick to invade unoccupied burrow systems when the previous occupant has been killed by a rodenticide; and 2) the invading animal will use existing food stores (i.e., baits) left by the previous gopher. With long-lasting (i.e., durable) baits containing sufficient toxicant, several pocket gophers can be controlled by a single baiting. This new approach assists in improving gopher control, for control is extended beyond the initial baiting results. Pocket gophers missed in the original treatment or gophers invading …

The White-Eyes Eradication Effort In California, Valerie Van Way

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

Upon discovery in 1980 in the San Diego area of a feral population of Indian White-eyes (Zosterops palpebrosa palpebrosa), a prohibited species in California, an eradication program was begun by the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA). Mist-netting and shooting proved to be the most successful of the capture methods explored. After three and one-half seasons of retrieval effort and 330 birds taken, fewer than a dozen birds now have been detected in the wild. Within the remainder of the fiscal year, CDFA is conducting intense survey and retrieval. Whether eradication is feasible and applicable to other …

History And Status Of Predator Control In Texas, Dale A. Wade, Donald W. Hawthorne, Gary L. Nunley, Milton Caroline

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

A historical review of predatory animal damage and the development of the Texas animal damage control (ADC) program is provided, including a discussion of predator species, methods of control and limitations caused by laws, regulations and policies. Recommendations are made for improvements to permit a more comprehensive program with adequate funding, personnel and control methods.

Dietary Maintenance Of Bioluminescence In A Deep-Sea Mysid, Tamara M. Frank, Edith A. Widder, Michael I. Latz, James F. Case

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Skeletal Extension, Density And Calcification Of The Reef Coral, Montastrea Annularis: St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, Richard E. Dodge, Garrett W. Brass

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Parameters of the annual and subannual skeletal growth of 61 Montastrea annularis corals, collected at a variety of shallow depth sites on reefs of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, are determined by X-radiography and scanning densitometry for each year in the 10-year period, 1970–1979. Extension (linear growth) of the coral skeleton is correlated negatively with bulk density (mass per unit volume) and positively with calcification (mass addition). Density and mass are slightly positively correlated. No one parameter, however, is a perfect predictor of another. At least two parameters, from which the third can be calculated, are required for complete description …

Wasteload Allocation Study Tampa Bay, Florida Vol. Iv Nutrient Box Model, B. E. Ross, M. A. Ross, P. D. Jerkins

Reports

This volume describes the "Box Model" of Tampa Bay that was developed as a part of a Wasteload Allocation Study contract between the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation and the College of Engineering at the University of South Florida. The first three volumes document the development of the validated two-dimensional hydraulic and water quality models that were developed for Tampa and Hillsborough Bays. Development of a "Box Model" represents an experiment in simplification of the solution of what has been an increasingly more complicated field of study.