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An Urban Roof Rat Control Program In Orange County, California, Gilbert L. Challet

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

A program to control roof rats (Rattus rattus) has been conducted by the Orange County Vector Control District since 1975. Orange County is located in southern California just south of Los Angeles and is composed of 782 square miles of coastal foothills and alluvial plain with a population of 2 million. Urbanization takes up about one-half the total area and it is mainly a semi-desert situation with usually less than 15 inches of rain a year. However, because of the balmy temperature and imported water, vegetation grows rampant. Vegetation is used by the rats as harborage (Algerian ivy, …

The House Mouse In Poultry Operations: Pest Significance And A Novel Baiting Strategy For Its Control, Robert M. Corrigan, Ralph E. Williams

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Enclosed and insulated commercial poultry buildings provide ideal habitat for supporting unusually large populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus L.). Mice cause damage to various structural and operational components of poultry facilities; thus, they are of economic significance as well as general nuisances. Effective mouse control programs in poultry operations are often difficult, complicated, time consuming and inefficient due to various environmental and operational factors intrinsic to commercial poultry facilities. The significance of the house mouse as an economic pest in poultry operations is discussed via the results of a rodent control survey of 161 commercial poultry operations …

Enterprise Budgets: A Tool For Vertebrate Pest Control Decision Making In Developing Countries, Daniel C. Evans

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Semi-subsistence farms that predominate in developing countries have more complex goals than the strict profit motives of corporate farms. Small farm management decisions are commonly based on a desire to increase production while avoiding risks and reducing labor demands and operating costs. Enterprise budgets are a valuable tool for understanding diverse farming systems and farmers' decision-making processes. The preparation of enterprise budgets documents production expenses, labor requirements, and specific activities related to pest control, as well as sources of supplies and technical information. By identifying what resources are commonly used and the relative importance of farm labor, the preparation of …

Potential Of Vegetation Management For Ground Squirrel Control, Wendy S. Fitzgerald, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Manipulation or alteration of habitat vegetation is used frequently with integrated pest management of certain vertebrate pest species. However, it has been less than satisfactory with ground squirrel species in many situations. Special plantings of tall grasses and broadleaf species were experimentally explored in an effort to make levee habitat less suitable for the California ground squirrel in the Sacramento Valley. The experimental plantings failed to achieve that objective for a variety of apparent or suspected reasons and, in fact, in some grass plots the number of ground squirrels increased over what was present prior to planting. Other problems associated …

Biological Status Of Mountain Lions In California, E. Lee Fitzhugh, W. Paul Gorenzel

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Mountain lions (Felis concolor) symbolize wilderness. The "wild west," a supreme predator, supreme quarry, destroyer of wildlife (game and nongame), livestock, and "trophy" hunting. They are the epitomy of controversy in California. In this paper we will review the history of management and present legal status of mountain lions in California, the political situation leading to the present status, and some of the biological factors that have been controversial, particularly relating to population status and trends.

Twelfth Vertebrate Pest Conference Frontmatter And Table Of Contents

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Table of Contents

A Changing Approach To Dingo Control In Western Australia, A. W. Hogstrom

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

The traditional method of dingo control on sheep properties in Western Australia relied on labor-intensive trapping and baiting. A cost/price squeeze in the rangeland sheep-grazing areas around 1970 forced a revision of these practices. Research was conducted on dingo biology, habitat preference and use, movements, social organization and damage to livestock. The data demonstrated the territorial nature of dingoes, that they usually occur in groups of 2 to 15, that long movements are rare, and that they quickly learn to harass and kill sheep. Aerial baiting trials using factory-manufactured baits and baits prepared from fresh meat demonstrated that an adequate …

Implications And Management Of Feral Mammals In California, Walter E. Howard, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

"Feral" is defined. For each of the principal species of feral mammals in California we note the broad ecological implications they have on the environment and the potential or actual management approaches being followed. The main emphasis of this paper, and all of the slides shown, was on how wild horses and burros, two controversial feral species, are managed in California and in other western states. The feral pig is about to become the number one big game animal in California, and mustrats (Ondatra zibethica (L.)), which were introduced or escaped into the Sacramento Valley—-hence locally feral--are the state's …

The Mechanical Control Of Bushpig, Potamochoerus Porcus, In Zimbabwe, Michael La Grange

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Bushpig, Potamocheorus porcus, occurring naturally in the high rainfall areas of Zimbabwe, have become a major threat to maize producers in the country. Traditional means of control including hunting have been unsuccessful in keeping the numbers to a tolerable level owing to the secretive and cunning nature of the animal. The use of poisons has been discouraged because of indiscriminate use and problems of secondary poisoning, so alternative methods of mechanical control were sought. Several methods evolved during experimentation, producing a strategy to control bushpig throughout the year.

Specifications For Wire Mesh Fences To Exclude The European Wild Rabbit From Crops, I. Gordon Mckillop, Harry W. Pepper, Charles J. Wilson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

The sizes of hexagonal and rectangular meshes needed to exclude all age classes of rabbits(Oryctolagus cuniculus) were 31 mm and 50 x 25 mm, respectively. In an enclosure, fences 0.75 m high excluded >90% of adult rabbits, a similar percentage to that obtained using the commonly accepted height of 0.9 m. In a subsequent field experiment using fences with a mesh size of 31 mm and heights of 0.9 m and 0.75 m, the numbers of rabbits seen on protected fields were reduced by about 80% for each height and therefore the 0.75-m-high fence was more cost-effective.

An Approach To The Design Of Target-Specific Vertebrate Pest Control Systems, Peter H. O'Brien

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Vertebrate pest control has the dual objectives of maximizing efficacy and minimizing nontarget hazard. The task in design is to make these objectives complementary, rather than mutually exclusive. Historically, vertebrate pest control has emphasized target control as a single objective, with nontarget impact a subsequent, secondary consideration. This sequence necessarily constrains the capacity of the design process to minimize nontarget impact.

I describe a framework for the design of vertebrate pest control which is based on comparative evaluation of the socioecology of target and potential nontarget species. Using this approach, control systems are designed which focus on and exploit identified …

Bait Preference Field Study Of The California Ground Squirrel, Brenda D. Protopapas, A. Charles Crabb

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

A bait preference field study of the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi beecheyi) was performed involving the comparison of the following untreated bait formulations fed ad lib.: oat groats, Ramik Green, and ZP Rodent Ag Bait. The study was performed on rangeland at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, from March 11, 1984, to September 15, 1984.

Poor bait quality problems occurred in the early period of the study (March 11 to May 17), resulting in poor acceptance of both Ramik and Ag Bait. A descriptive analysis of this period is discussed. The statistical analysis of …

Approaches To Small-Holder Rodent Control, C. G. J. Richards

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Rodents are now recognized as one of the most important pests damaging crops in countries as far apart as Indonesia, Tanzania and Venezuela (Benigno and Sanchez 1984, Taylor 1984, Williams and Vega 1984). Damage to crops such as rice may be devastating during periodic upsurges in rodent numbers, with yields often reduced by 50% or more. It is being increasingly recognized, however, that continual chronic losses, which commonly occur over very large areas, are economically more significant (Buckle et al. 1985), resulting in yield losses in the range of 5 to 10% of national crops every year in many countries …

Comparison Of Fumigant Gases Used For Rabbit Control In Great Britain, John Ross

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

The two most commonly used fumigant formulations, one generating hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and the other phosphine (PH3), were compared in paired field trials using the spoon-gassing technique. The two formulations were equally effective in reducing rabbit numbers seen in spotlight counts. The PH3 generating formulation was more convenient and slightly cheaper to use. Safety and humaneness aspects of the two formulations are discussed and alternative formulations (generating HCN and PH3) are considered. The potential usefulness (for rabbit control) of some other fumigant gases is briefly reviewed.

Agriculture And Forestry Rodent Problems And Control In Italy, Luciano A. Santini

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Rodent pest problems and their control in Italy are reviewed. Two rats, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus, and the field mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, are often important pests both in rural and forestry areas. Other species, such as voles, Microtus arvalis and Microtus (Pitymys) savii, in orchards and in horticulture, and Sciurus vulgaris and Myoxus (Glis) glis in forestry, sometimes represent serious problems. For each species the kind of damage and control is recorded, and additional considerations are supplied to the public and private organizations responsible for rodent control.

Rodent Control In East Africa, William R. Smythe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

The nations of East Africa consist of Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. They encompass a widely varied topography, from coral strands to snow-capped mountains, rain forests to deserts, and tropical to temperate. In all these areas where soil and rainfall patterns permit, agricultural crops are grown. For the most part farming is of a subsistence nature being small single family plots. These farms make up to 90% of the farming in most of the East African nations. There are large farms in Kenya and Zimbabwe generally confined to the temperate uplands. Elsewhere there are large government …

Approaches To Coot Management In California, Valerie Van Way

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Coot depredations have been documented in California since 1886, and shooting has been relied on as the principal means of mitigating damage. Immobilizing agents continue to offer promise as useful nonlethal tools for population reduction programs. Exploration of the use of tribromoethanol in coot capture is described, and the potential for other bird management techniques is discussed.

An Evaluation Of The Acute Oral Toxicity Of Brodifacoum To Birds, Michael E. R. Godfrey

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Single acute doses of the rodenticide brodifacoum were administered orally to 13 species of birds which are at risk from accidental poisoning during rabbit or possum control operations. Median lethal dose values from less than 1 to more than 20 mg/kg were obtained for some species. Gulls and Canada geese appear to be particularly susceptible. Several species, particularly the gulls, waxeyes, sparrows, mallard ducks and harrier hawks, seem to be vulnerable to lead poisoning.

A Five-Year Evaluation Of The Silvicultural Treatments For The Control Of Squirrel Damage In Taiwan, Pao-Chang Kuo, Yue-Ken Liao

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

The Formosan red-bellied tree squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus. ) is a pest animal that causes serious damage to many conifer plantations in Taiwan. Poisoning has been the major means to control the damage. The feasibility of forestry control through habitat manipulation has been evaluated during the past 5 years. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of forest-tending operations on the activity and damage by squirrels. Forest-tending conducted included weeding and thinning. Test sites were at three Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) plantations located in Chitou. The results of this study revealed that squirrel activity in …

Results Of Eight Years' Examination Of The Habitats Of Residual Urban Norway Rat Populations After Eradication, Daniel Bajomi, Katalin Sasvari

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

In Budapest (population 2 million) 33 out of 100 buildings were rat-infested in the early seventies. Thus general deratization was decreed to cover the whole of the city in 1971 to 1972. As a result of the global eradication method applied, the rate of rat-infested premises could be reduced below 0.5% annually. After control the sparsely occurring rats could freely choose any of the habitats released for settling. The habitats of Budapest most preferred by Norway rats are presented after a wide-ranging investigation carried out over 8 years. Our examination data support and in some cases reveal the requirements of …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 18, No. 1. March 1986

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INVASION PATTERN MAPPING OF NON-SEEDED SPECIES ON A SHALLOWLY DISTURBED SEEDED SITE ▪ C. E. Grygiel, C. D. Bonham, and E. F. Redente

CHANGES IN THE LICHEN FLORA OF PIPESTONE NATIONAL MONUMENT, MINNESOTA ▪ G. D. Willson and T. W. Vinyard

INTERPOPULATION VARIABILITY IN MOUTHPARTS IN Scaphiopus bombifrons IN NEBRASKA (AMPHIBIA: PELOBATIDAE) ▪ T. L. Potthoff and J. D. Lynch

PLANTS AND INVERTEBRATES IN A PRAIRIE WETLAND DURING DUCK BROOD-REARING J. W. McCrady, W. A. Wentz, and R. L. Linder

OCCURRENCE OF …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 18, No. 3 September 1986

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

HABITAT SELECTION AND MOVEMENT PATTERNS IN SANDHILLS RODENTS ▪ C. A. Lemen and P. W. Freeman

THE HERPETOFAUNA OF THE WEAVER DUNES, WABASHA COUNTY, MINNESOTA ▪ P. A. Cochran

MULTIPLE EGG CLUTCH PRODUCTION IN THE GREAT PLAINS TOAD ▪ J. J. Krupa

MAMMALS OF THE KONZA PRAIRIE RESEARCH NATURAL AREA, KANSAS ▪ E. J. Finck, D. W. Kaufman, G. A. Kaufman, S. K. Gurtz, B. K. Clark, L. J. McLellan, and B. S. Clark

AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES IN LEVEL DITCHES AND ADJACENT EMERGENT …

The Probe, Issue 60 - February 1986

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE
National Animal Damage Control Association
FEBRUARY, 1986
National Wool Grower’s Convention
Animal Rights
Toxic Collar
Trapping Figures
Red Fox and Ducks
Letters to Ye Ed
The Coyote
Master Trapper of the Year
What do Coyotes Eat?
Do-it-Yourself Skunk Control
Killer Beavers
Audubon Society

Phase Ii Report Hurricane Kate Report Capt. Crunch Report Wellwood Shipping Company, Richard E. Dodge, W. Goldberg, D. Landmeier, G. Mcintosh, B. Raymond, L. Rivas

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

No abstract provided.

A Dna Sequence Analysis Program For The Apple Macintosh, Robert H. Gross

Dartmouth Scholarship

This paper describes a new set of programs ^* for analyzing DNA sequences using the Apple Macintosh computer, a computer ideally suited for this kind of analysis. Because of the Macintosh interface and the availability of high quality software-only speech synthesis, these programs are truly easy to use. Instead of typing in commands, the user directs the program by making selections with the mouse, thereby eliminating most typographical and syntax errors. Output options are selected by “pressing buttons” and then clicking “OK” with the mouse. DNA sequences are confirmed by having the program speak them. The high resolution graphics on …

The Ecology Of Skeleton Weed In Western Australia, Afghan Thistle Ecology, Biology Of Gorteria Personata., J. Dodd

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

The ecology of skeleton weed in Western Australia, 84BA17. Afghan thistle ecology, 84N050. Regenerative ability of stem and root segments, 85PE51. Biology of Gorteria personata, 86M03, 86N08. Life cycle, 86M03, 86N08. Germination requirements, 86PE7.

Crossover From Contact Propagation To Chemical Propagation In First-Passage Percolation, A. R. Kerstein, Boyd F. Edwards

All Physics Faculty Publications

On lattices whose bonds are assigned time delays from a bimodal distribution with modes at b and a≫b whose relative weights are p and 1-p, the dependence of the first-passage velocity v on p is investigated by means of scaling arguments and computations. As p increases, v exhibits a sharp rise near the percolation threshold due to a crossover from the contact-propagation regime, in which slow-bond crossings are rate limiting, to the chemical-propagation regime, in which the tortuosity of the shortest path through the fast-bond network is rate limiting. Previous analyses of criticality in the limit a/b→∞ are extended by …

Satellite Remote Sensing And Fisheries Applications, Holly M. Turton

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Satellite remote sensing has the capacity to aid the three major components of a fishery: research, management, and the fishing industry. An evaluation of the potential of satellite-derived data to the fishery is based upon six case studies which are presented as evidence of the capabilities of satellite-borne sensors. Peripheral applications pertaining to the marine environment and possible applications for the future are reviewed. Three basic categories of remote sensing programs related to the fishery are defined: one to test the applicability of the technology to the field of fisheries; another to employ the technology to fisheries research; and a …

Investment Opportunities In The Nigerian Fishing Industry, Ayotunde M. Giwa

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The major problem facing the Nigerian fishing industry is in its inability to satisfy the demand for tasty yet inexpensive animal protein. Nigeria's marine biological resources are limited and the Gulf of Guinea is among the poorest in the whole of West Africa. Nigeria's population is estimated to have reached about 100 million and is growing at 3.09 per cent per annum. Nigeria's fishing industry is multi-sectoral and composed of the riverine, lake, coastal, estuarine, and culture fisheries. Together they constituted about 1.5 per cent of the GDP in 1976. Up to the present moment, the National has relied on …

Ua66/10/2 Newsletter, Wku Mathematics

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by and about the WKU Mathematics department.