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Waterfowl, Edward C. Cleary

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

The term waterfowl is properly applied only to ducks, geese, and swans. In North America, most waterfowl are migratory, flying long distances in the spring and fall between the summer breeding grounds and wintering areas. Waterfowl, as their name implies, are most often found near water. The food of individual waterfowl species ranges from fish to insects to plants in various combinations, depending on availability. Waterfowl are normally monogamous and solitary nesters. Goose problems in urban and suburban areas are primarily caused by giant Canada geese, which are probably the most adaptable of all waterfowl. In the United States, migratory …

Alligators (Alligator Mississippiensis), Allan R. Woodward, Dennis N. David

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is the most common of two crocodilians native to the United States and is one of 22 crocodilian species worldwide. The American alligator is found in wetlands throughout the coastal plain of the southeastern United States. Alligators can be found in almost any type of fresh water, but population densities are greatest in wetlands with an abundant food supply and adjacent marsh habitat for nesting. Alligators are exclusively carnivorous and prey upon whatever creatures are most available. Alligators are ectothermic — they rely on external sources of heat to maintain body temperature. Damage …

Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Viridis Viridis), Walter E. Howard

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis viridis) are distinctly American serpents. There are 15 species of rattlesnakes in the United States and 25 in Mexico. Rattlesnakes are usually identified by their warning rattle—a hiss or buzz—made by the rattles at the tip of their tails. Rattlesnakes occur only in North and South America and range from sea level to perhaps 11,000 feet (over 3,000 m) in California and 14,000 feet (4,000 m) in Mexico, although they are not abundant at the higher elevations. Young or small species of rodents comprise the bulk of the food supply for most rattlesnakes. When a …

Turtles, James F. Fowler, Jimmy L. Avery

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

Turtles (Terrapene carolina) occur on all continents except Antarctica. Any permanent body of water is a potential home for turtles. Turtles are seldom a pest to people. Most turtles are not protected by state laws.

Ecoregions And Subregions Of Iowa: A Framework For Water Quality Assessment And Management, Glenn E. Griffith, James M. Omernik, Thomas F. Wilton, Suzanne M. Pierson

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Ecoregion frameworks are valuable tools for inventorying and assessing environmental resources, for setting resource management goals, and for developing biological criteria and water quality standards. In a collaborative project between the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), we have refined boundaries of the EPA's five ecological regions of Iowa and defined six subregions of the Western Corn Belt Plains ecoregion within the state. Lists of candidate stream reference sites have been developed to date for the seven largest regions, and the sites were visited and evaluated by Iowa DNR and U.S. EPA personnel …

Back Cover

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Editorial Board & Iowa Academy Of Science Officers And Directors

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Annual Report Of The Iowa Academy Of Science, 1993-94, Paul E. Rider

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Since 1976, annual reports have served as a continuing record of the activities of the Iowa Academy of Science and an archive for its history. These augment the 100 year IAS history written in the centennial year of 1975.

This report covers the period from July 1, 1993 to June 30, 1994. It is based on the official records of the Academy (committee reports, Board minutes, correspondence) as well as the recollections, impressions and thoughts of the author.

Editorial Board & Iowa Academy Of Science Officers And Directors

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Impacts Of Biological Invasions On The Management And Recovery Of Rare Plants In Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaiian Islands, Lloyd Loope, Arthur Medeiros

United States National Park Service: Publications

Biological invasions assisted by humans are impoverishing biological diversity worldwide (MacDonald et al. 1989, Diamond 1989). Such invasions are particularly devestating to the biota of oceanic islands such as Hawaii (Williamson 1981, Brockie et al. 1988, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources et al. 1991). Ecosystems of the Hawaiian Islands are much more vulnerable to biological invasions than are continental ecosystems, because the organisms in them have evolved in isolation from many of the forces that have shaped continental organisms, including foraging and trampling by herbivorous mammals, predation by ants and mammals, virulent diseases, and fires (Loope & Mueller-Dombois …

Wright State University College Of Engineering And Computer Science Bits And Pcs Newsletter, Volume 10, Number 1, January 1994, College Of Engineering And Computer Science, Wright State University

BITs and PCs Newsletter

A fourteen page newsletter created by the Wright State University College of Engineering and Computer Science that addresses the current affairs of the college.

1994-1995 Nova Southeastern University Undergraduate Programs Catalog, Nova Southeastern University

Undergraduate Programs Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of An Iowa Aridity Index In Relationship To Climate And Crop Yield, Soumare Harouna, R. E. Carlson

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

An aridity index and its components, temperature and precipitation, for the period from 1900 through April 1993 were defined and characterized. This index describes the anomalous behavior of both temperature and precipitation over time. Our intent was to examine climate variability in Iowa. Moving mean and standard deviations over various lengths of time were calculated from three time series. We found that these indices fluctuate considerably from year to year and from month to month. The lowest aridity index values occurred in the recent summer of 1992, and the highest occurred during the very drought-prone 1930s. The 12-month moving mean …

Testing The Accuracy And Precision Of Wetness Sensors In A Tomato Field And On Turfgrass, Kara J. Potratz, Mark L. Gleason, Melanie L. Hockmuth, Sharon K. Parker, Glenn A. Pearston

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Measurements of dew-period duration by painted, flat-plate, electronic wetness sensors at the top of the plant canopy in a tomato field and on adjacent turfgrass were compared with visual observations. The response range of sensors during the onset of dew sometimes exceeded 5 hr. but was less than 1 hr. on other nights. Sensors in the tomato field indicated dew formation occurred as much as 2 hr. earlier or later than dew became visible on adjacent tomato leaflets at the top of the crop canopy. A calibration threshold for sensors derived from a drying curve resulted in the underestimation of …

Back Cover

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Water Quality Monitoring (1988 To 1991) At The Iowa Academy Of Science's Parish Farm, Grundy County, Iowa, Brenda K. Nations, George R. Hallberg

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

In May 1988 sampling was initiated to evaluate water quality in relation to management practices at Parish Farm, which is owned by Iowa Academy of Science. Initial results showed tile-line effluent to have high concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen (N0₃-N). Twelve monitoring wells were installed over a one year period to analyze shallow groundwater at the farm. The wells, tile lines, and surface water were sampled monthly, through October, 1991, and the water analyzed for N0₃-N and some pesticides. N0₃-N concentrations varied, related to landuse and management of adjacent areas. Greater N0₃-N concentrations were …

Evaluation Of Implanted Radio Transmitters In Pheasant Chicks, Dean E. Ewing, William R. Clark, Paul A. Vohls

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

We studied game-farm pheasant (Phasianus colchicus Linneaus) chicks implanted with miniature transmitters to determine if surgery and implantation affected growth, behavior, or survival. Transmitters (weighing 1.2 g) were implanted subcutaneously in the interscapular region in day-old chicks. In Experiment 1, biological effects on chicks with transmitters implanted were compared with data from a control group. In Experiment 2, the effects of anesthesia only, anesthesia with an implanted transmitter, and implanted transmitter only were compared with a control. We measured responses of weight gain, survival, and pecking behavior in each experiment. In Experiment 1, we found no significant differences in weight …

Effective, Reliable, Inexpensive Cryofixation Device, Lawrence A. Mink, Roger A. Buchanan

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Raptor Use Of The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Richard Wayne Hansen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Raptors are high trophic-level predators, and thus sensitive to environmental change. I conducted a basic ecological study of raptors using the Idaho National Environmental Laboratory (INEL), in southeastern Idaho, between 1991 and 1993 to assess effects of human activity on the site. Results were compared to previous raptor studies conducted on the INEL from 1974-1976 and in 1982, as well as with studies of rough-legged hawks, long-eared owls, and burrowing owls conducted during the late 1970’s and early 1980’s. Road-side raptor surveys were conducted from January through May in 1992 and 1993. Principle species recorded were rough-legged hawks, red-tailed hawks, …

Habitat Selection By Lacustrine Rainbow Trout Within Gradients Of Temperature, Oxygen, And Food Availability, Chris Luecke, D. Teuscher

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss [Walbaum]) in Castle Lake, California were concentrated at certain depths during day and evening hours. A fish bioenergetics simulation model based on vertical gradients of temperature, oxygen concentration, and food availability indicated that rainbow trout selected habitats that maximized growth rate. In 1 of the 2 years of study, a strong pattern of diel vertical migration of rainbow trout was evident and was associated with vertical migrations of daphnids in the lake. The simulation model correctly predicted the occurrence and magnitude of fish migration. During the day some trout resided at depths with little potential for …

Water Quality And Fecal Indicator Bacteria, Mark S. Coyne

Soil Science News and Views

How can you tell if water is fit to drink? Color and taste aren't reliable guides for water safety. Clear water can be contaminated with chemicals or microorganisms the senses can't detect. One of the principle qualities of potable (drinkable) water is its freedom from microbial contaminants. This article will describe some criteria and methods that are used to determine the microbial quality of water.

The Fecal Coliform/Fecal Streptococci Ratio (Fc/Fs) And Water Quality In The Bluegrass Region Of Kentucky, Mark S. Coyne, J. M. Howell

Soil Science News and Views

In the mid 70' s, someone noticed that the ratio of two indicator bacteria in fecal wastes - fecal coliforms (FC) and fecal streptococci (FS) - was characteristic of particular animal wastes. In human wastes, the fecal coliform/fecal streptococci ratio (FC/FS ratio) was greater than 4. In domesticated animals, like cattle, the ratio was between 0.1 and 4.0. In wild animals, the ratio was less than 0.1. Since that time, many attempts have been made to use the ratio to determine the source of fecal bacteria in contaminated ground water.

Impact Of Riparian Grass Filter Strips On Surface-Water Quality, Alex W. Fogle, Daniel I. Carey, Billy J. Barfield, Robert L. Blevins, Vasilios P. Evangelou, Cora E. Madison, Shreeram P. Inamdar

Information Circular--KGS

The effectiveness of natural riparian grass filter strips in removing sediment and agricultural chemicals from surface runoff was studied using no-tillage and conventional-tillage erosion plots. Runoff from the tillage plots was directed onto 4.57, 9.14, and 13.72 m (15, 30, and 45 ft.) length filter strips, where the inflow and outflow concentrations and sediment size distributions were measured. Trapping efficiencies for sediment and agricultural chemicals typically ranged near or above 90 percent, mainly because of high infiltration rates. The filters also significantly reduced peak discharge concentrations, which reduced the impact of sediment and agricultural chemicals on receiving surface waters.

The Modeling Of Phosphorus Dynamics In A Lake System, Todd N. Swift

Presidential Scholars Theses (1990 – 2006)

We have constructed a basic closed stock and flow model of lake phosphorus cycling that includes three stock concentrations: inorganic phosphorus, phosphorus in living organic material, and phosphorus in dead organic material. Stocks are connected by flows that are made stock dependent in a plausible manner. The model exhibits two equilibrium points, one stable and the other unstable, with an interesting crossover between them. Below a certain total phosphorus threshold, stable equilibrium is characterized by all of the phosphorus stock residing in the inorganic form, suggesting the collapse of the biological system. Above the threshold, this is not true. We …

Studies Directed Toward The Synthesis Of Germacranolides Via [2+2] Cycloaddition Followed By Ring Expansion/Elimination Of Β-Lactones, Bryan E. Yates

Masters Theses

Exposure of α-trimethylsilyl β-lactones to magnesium bromide or boron trifluoride etherate in diethyl ether solvent resulted in the smooth generation of β,γ-unsaturated acid derivatives in good yield and isomeric purity. It is believed that this reaction occurs via the formation of a stable tertiary carbocation at the γ-carbon resulting from cleavage of the carbon-oxygen sigma bond due to the complexation of the Lewis acid with the ring oxygen atom. Rapid loss of an adjacent electrofuge then furnishes the unsaturated acids. The β-lactone precursors were prepared by a [2+2] cycloaddition of an aldehyde and an alkyl trimethylsilyl ketene. This method was …

The Synthesis And Characterization Of Ruii(Bpy){(Bpyrm)Ruii(Nh3)4}2](Pf6)6 And [Ruii(Bpy)2(Bpyrm)Ruii(Nh3)4](Pf6)4, Rick Anthony Pavinato

Masters Theses

This thesis describes the synthesis of a trimetallic Ru^II complex [Ru^II(bpy){(bpyrm)Ru^II(NH₃)₄}₂](PF₆)₆ and its bimetallic analog [Ru^II(bpy)₂(bpyrm)Ru^II(NH₃)₄](PF₆)₄. The trimetallic species was designed to be the first in a series of complexes where the reduction potential of the "bridging" complex could be varied (relative to the "terminal" sites) through systematic variation in the metal (M) and/or ligand (LL) … Generation of the [Ru^II-M^II-Ru^III] "mixed-valence" complex would then allow …

Carbonyl Homologation Via Α-Trimethylsilyl Β-Lactone Rearrangement: A Nonbasic Wittig Alternative, Yong Zhang

Masters Theses

Our research group has been interested in β-lactones as useful synthetic intermediates. Transformations of β-lactones, generally ring expansion/opening processes initiated by Lewis acids via ionization/cation-rearrangement or elimination mechanisms, provide efficient protocols for the syntheses of biologically important butyrolactones, β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids, or butenolides.

α-Trimethylsilyl β-lactones, synthesized via the BF₃- catalyzed [2+2] cycloaddition of trimethylsilylketene to carbonyl compounds, spontaneously undergo ionization and trimethylsilyl group migration to form α,β-unsaturated trimethylsilyl esters. The trimethylsilyl moiety facilitates the ionization process because of its β-cation stabilizing ability. The two-carbon homologated α,β-unsaturated acids are formed in yields from moderate to high (41-99%) upon aqueous …

Effect Of Reservoir Function On Water Quality And Phytoplankton In Lake Taylorville, Christian County, Illinois, Scott Warren Phipps

Masters Theses

As is true for most reservoirs in agricultural areas, Lake Taylorville is currently impacted by excess sedimentation. A system of floodplain wetlands, holding ponds, and sediment basins is being constructed on the tributaries to the reservoir in effort to reduce sediment and nutrient loads. A comprehensive twelve-month assessment of water quality has been conducted to provide a baseline for evaluating the success of this restoration project and to allow predictions regarding future management strategies.

In reservoirs, a continuum of longitudinal gradients result in the establishment of three distinct zones possessing unique physical, chemical and biological properties. The function of these …

Fall 1994, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Spring 1994, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.