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Editorial Board & Iowa Academy Of Science Officers And Directors

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Distribution And Abundance Of Three Freshwater Mussel Species (B1valv1a: U Ntontdae) Correlated With Physical Habitat Characteristics In An Iowa Reservoir, J. R. Straka, J. A. Downing

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

A rapid drawdown (weeks) of a reservoir allowed us to determine the combined influence of water depth, maximum effective fetch, bottom slope, and substrate characteristics on abundance of three species of freshwater mussels. The three principal mussel species were significantly (PPyganodon grandis(Say) was most abundant on deeper shelves (ca. 3 m depth, slope 1 km), and sediment organic matter content was moderate (Lampsilis siliquoidea(Barnes), however, was most abundant in shallow water (Potamilus alatus(Say) had a more cosmopolitan depth distribution, but was found only on bottoms with low slope (Pyganodon grandiswas found to be negatively affected by increasing substrate organic matter …

Population Size Estimates For The Endangered Iowa Pleistocene Snail, Discus Macclintocki Baker, Tama K. Anderson

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Discus macclintocki Baker, the Iowa Pleistocene snail, is a federally endangered species found only on algific talus slopes in northeastern Iowa and northwestern Illinois. Population size estimates for fourteen D. macclintocki populations in Iowa and Illinois ranged from 182 to 22,125 individuals. Estimates from the program CAPTURE as well as Bayesian estimation procedures gave similar results, although the Bayesian method allowed estimation of populations that could not be estimated with CAPTURE due to small sample sizes. A comparison of two methods of sampling, visual counts of quadrats and cover boards, showed that using cover boards resulted in much higher probabilities …

The North American Reporting Center For Amphibian Malformations, Douglas H. Johnson, Suzanne C. Fowle, Jeffrey A. Jundt

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The North American Reporting Center for Amphibian Malformations was established to provide a conduit of information about, and a systematic data base on, malformed amphibians. This article describes the Reporting Center and the variety of features available at its Web site, presents an example of a summary analysis that can be conducted with its data, discusses caveats about the data, and makes recommendations about systematic surveys to better understand patterns and trends in the incidence of malformed amphibians.

Demographic And Reproductive Characteristics Of A Southern Illinois Population Of The Crayfish Frog, Rana Areolata, Michael Redmer

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Demographic (snout-vent length, skeletochronologically estimated age) and reproductive (fecundity, ova size) characteristics were examined in Riina areolata from Williamson County, Illinois. Fifty-nine frogs (36 males, 23 females) were sampled from breeding choruses in March 1996. Hematoxylinophilic annular lines of arrested growth (LAG) were detected in the diaphyses of cross-sectioned phalanges of all sampled frogs. t-tests revealed that male age (mean = 3.53 yr) and female age (mean = 3.83 yr) were not significantly different, but male SVL (mean = 82.78 mm) was significantly smaller than that of females (mean = 89.61 mm). There were positive correlations between SVL and age …

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Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Editorial Board & Iowa Academy Of Science Officers And Directors

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Water Resources Issues In The Arkansas Delta, Kenneth F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Despite its location in Northwest Arkansas, the Arkansas Water Resources Center (AWRC) is active state-wide. This fact is underscored by the focus of the Center’s session on "Water Resource Issues in the Arkansas Delta" during its recent joint Conference. Water issues in the Delta include declining water tables, salt water intrusion, and water quality (especially suspended sediment, nitrate and pesticides). Presented papers focused on best management practices for cotton production, economics of on-farm reservoirs, chloride content of irrigation water, and landowner education. The AWRC short course was an excellent one on chemical transport in the vadose zone by Dr. Glenn …

Soil Quality Assessment After Weed-Control Tillage In A No-Till Wheat–Fallow Cropping System, Timothy A. Kettler, Drew J. Lyon, John W. Doran, W. L. Powers, Walter W. Stroup

Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications

Adoption of reduced-tillage fallow systems in the western USA is limited by winter annual grass weeds such as downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.). Moldboard plowing is an effective means of controlling downy brome in winter wheat (Tritcum aestivum L.)–fallow systems. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of plowing and secondary tillage operations, for the purpose of weed control, on soil quality attributes of a silt loam soil that had been cropped in a subtill or no-till (NT) winter wheat–fallow system for more than 20 yr. Compared with undisturbed NT, downy brome populations in plowed …

Ground-State Properties And Excited-State Reactivity Of 8-Quinolate Complexes Of Ruthenium(Ii), Dean Johnston

Chemistry Faculty Scholarship

In an effort to explore new systems with highly reducing excited states, we prepared a series of Ru(II) complexes of the type Ru(L)(2)quo(+) (L = bpy (2,2'-bipyridine), phen (1,10-phenanthroline), dmphen (4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), tmphen (3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline); quo(-) = 8-quinolate) and investigated their photophysical and redox properties. The absorption and emission spectra of the Ru(L)(2)quo(+) are significantly red-shifted relative to those of the parent complexes Ru(L)(3)(2+), with emission maxima in the 757-783 nm range in water. The Ru(L)(2)quo(+) systems are easily oxidized with E(1/2)(Ru(III/II)) values ranging from +0.62 to +0.70 V vs NHE, making the emissive Ru --> phen MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) excited …

Double Cysteine Mutations In Staphylococcal Nuclease: The Effect Of Artificially Introduced Disulfide Bonds On Protein Structure And Stability, Anna Terry

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Since a protein's function depends on its structure, basic research in protein structure facilitates the solution of many practical problems, such as the synthesis of more effective medicines. With this larger goal in sight, the purpose of this research project is to understand better the chemical principles that underlie protein structure and stability. Disulfide bonds are a potentially stabilizing feature of many proteins. They may form between cysteine residues in close proximity to one another if the orientation is favorable. Often found in proteins produced by organisms that grow at high temperatures, disulfide bonds may anchor side chains together, making …

Desert Solitaire: Using Literature To Develop A Sense Of Place And Stewardship Of Wilderness In High School Students, Cindy Lee Falsken Zacks

Theses Digitization Project

The Desert Solitaire curriculum was designed as a basis for exploring Edward Abbey's book, of the same name, in a high school field ecology class. Students read the book over a period of six weeks during the middle of the school year. Lessons were designed to aid students in exploring their home ecosystem, the Mojave Desert, via comparison with Arches National Monument as described in Desert Solitaire. This exploration fosters in students a sense of place and connection with their home environment. With little alteration, the curriculum can be used by students to examine their own ecosystem, even if it …

Characterization Of Chimeric Lipopolysaccharides From Escherichia Coli Strain Jm109 Transformed With Lipooligosaccharide Synthesis Genes (Lsg) From Haemophilus Influenzae, Nancy J. Phillips, T. J. Miller, J. J. Engstrom, William Melaugh, R. Mclaughlin, M A. Apicella, B W. Gibson

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Previously, we reported the expression of chimeric lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Escherichia coli strain JM109 (a K-12 strain) transformed with plasmids containing Haemophilus influenzae lipooligosaccharide synthesis genes (lsg) (Abu Kwaik, Y., McLaughlin, R. E., Apicella, M. A., and Spinola, S. M. (1991) Mol. Microbiol. 5, 2475–2480). In this current study, we have analyzed the O-deacylated LPS and free oligosaccharides from three transformants (designated pGEMLOS-4, pGEMLOS- 5, and pGEMLOS-7) by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, electrospray ionization, and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, along with composition and linkage analyses. These data show that the chimeric LPS consist of the complete E. coli LPS core …

Neural Networks And Structured Knowledge: Rule Extraction And Applications, Franz J. Kurfess

Computer Science and Software Engineering

As the second part of a special issue on "Neural Networks and Structured Knowledge," the contributions collected here concentrate on the extraction of knowledge, particularly in the form of rules, from neural networks, and on applications relying on the representation and processing of structured knowledge by neural networks. The transformation of the low-level internal representation in a neural network into higher-level knowledge or information that can be interpreted more easily by humans and integrated with symbol-oriented mechanisms is the subject of the first group of papers. The second group of papers uses specific applications as starting point, and describes approaches …

Reflections Of A Naturalist: Papers Honoring Professor Eugene D. Fleharty, Jerry R. Choate

Fort Hays Studies Series

Science and academia tend to be dominated by persons who are utterly brilliant, or who are proficient at self-promotion, or who are willing to sacrifice their personal lives and work twice as hard as their peers, or who exhibit some combination of these attributes. Occasionally, however, someone comes along who is just "ordinary" compared with academic overachievers but whose accomplishments far exceed reasonable expectations. Eugene D. Fleharty is such a person. Although he is extraordinarily bright, few would describe him as utterly brilliant. He has never been inclined to "toot his own horn" or otherwise promote himself. And, although he …

Preparation Of An Electrophilic 3-Methylindole Derivative: Difficulties In Forming A Stable, Suitable Material For The Preparation Of Tryptophan, Jason Boggs, Mariah Mcmasters, Robert W. Curley Jr., Michael J. Panigot

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

In an attempt to prepare stereoselectively beta-deuterated tryptophan, N-protected indole-3-methanol compounds were prepared with model studies being done on undeuterated material. Conversion of these compounds to electrophilic species proved exceptionally difficult and resulted in very low yields or recovered starting material only. A summary of the current results utilizing N-tosyl indole-3-methanol will be presented as well as efforts using N-Boc indole-3-methanol.

Spin-Exchange Term In The Solvent Equation Of State Near The Critical Point For Electron Transfer Reactions, Juana Vivó Acrivos

Faculty Publications, Chemistry

Phenomenological Equations of State (EOS) for fluids near their critical point have been obtained using literature compression factor data, Zc = Pc Vc/(n R Tc) = 0.40 to 0.10 in Table I (Pc, Vc/n, Tc are the pressure, volume per n mole, and the absolute temperature of the fluid at the critical point). The objective is to explain the deviations from the van der Waals value, Zc(vdW) = 3/8 (-70 % for molten Se and alkali metals up to 6 % for molten Pb, Hg, and In) by including in the commonly used phenomenological thermodynamic relations a term which explicitly …

Management Of Pest Birds In Urban Environments, Ron J. Johnson

Other Publications in Wildlife Management

A number of bird species may cause nuisance or damage problems in urban areas. These include European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), house sparrows (Passer domesticus), feral pigeons or rock doves (Columba livia), and others. Recently, increasing numbers of resident Canada geese (Branta canadensis) have resulted in conflicts in urban areas, particularly around golf courses, parks, and developments that have lakes or ponds surrounded by grass. Bird damage management programs are increasingly expected to provide effective solutions in a humane and socially acceptable way. Management approaches and products are affected by clientele preferences and public opinion nationwide, which, along with small markets, …

Evaluation Of Animal Model Research, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Experimentation Collection

It is argued that a concept of evaluation of animal models that is broader and more useful than validation is available. Productive generativity refers to the degree to which a model furthers understanding and leads to more-effective treatment interventions. Results of the application of this novel evaluative frame to several animal models of eating disorders show that this animal-based research has not been productive. The question of the relation between clinic and animal laboratory is discussed.

The Relationship Of Animal Protection Interests To Animal Damage Management: Historic Paths, Contemporary Concerns And The Uncertain Future, John Hadidian

Conservation Biology and Animal Welfare Collection

More than a decade ago Schmidt (1989) called for consideration of animal welfare to become a "firstorder" decision rule in wildlife management concerns, including animal damage control. Although there has been movement in that direction, this clearly has not yet come to pass. This paper takes a brief look at the interests we call animal damage management, animal welfare and protection, animal rights, and environmentalism in order to speculate about their shared concerns and the uncertain future before them. Since animal damage and the management of that damage cannot be abstracted from the environmental context in which they occur, this …

Assessing Interconnections Between Wilderness And Adjacent Lands: The Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah, Janice L. Thomson, Dawn A. Hartley, Gregory H. Aplet, Peter A. Morton, Usda Forest Service Proceedings

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Wilderness managers have traditionally managed wilderness lands based on the ecological and social content of wilderness areas. The authors propose a framework to systematically account for the biophysical, socioeconomic, and wildness characteristics of the broader landscape context. The method was applied to the proposed wilderness lands of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah. The results illustrate patterns of interdependencies across the landscape. Spatial data demonstrate links between the integrity of proposed wilderness lands and the management of adjacent land units, and links between the economic health of local communities and the management of proposed wilderness and adjacent federal …

European Starlings, Jennifer A. Lynch, Terry A. Messmer

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Landscape Associations Of Frog And Toad Species In Iowa And Wisconsin, U.S.A., Melinda G. Knutson, John R. Sauer, Douglas A. Olsen, Michael J. Mossman, Lisa M. Hemesath, Michael J. Lannoo

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Landscape habitat associations of frogs and toads in Iowa and Wisconsin were tested to determine whether they support or refute previous general habitat classifications. We examined which Midwestern species shared similar habitats to see if these associations were consistent across large geographic areas (states). Rana sylvatica (wood frog), Hyla versicolor (eastern gray treefrog), Pseudacris crucifer (spring peeper), and Acris crepitans (cricket frog) were identified as forest species, P. triseriata (chorus frog), H. chrysoscelis (Cope's gray treefrog), R. pipiens (leopard frog), and Bufo americanus (American toad) as grassland species, and R. catesbeiana (bullfrog), R. clamitans (green frog), R. palustris (pickerel frog), …

Experimental And Theoretical Study Of The Photoelectron Spectra Of Mnox-(X=1-3) Clusters, Gennady L. Gutsev, B. K. Rao, P. Jena, Xi Li, Lai-Sheng Wang

Physics Publications

We report a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of MnO−x and MnOx(x=1–3) clusters. Theoretically, geometrical configurations of various isomers of the clusters were optimized and vertical detachment energies for the anions were evaluated. The ground state of MnO− was predicted to be 5Σ+, followed by an excited state (7Σ+) 0.14 eV higher in energy. The ground state of MnO−2 is 5B2, with a 3B1 isomer 0.15 eV higher. MnO−3 is predicted to be a singlet D3h cluster. Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra of MnO−x were measured at several photon energies and under various experimental conditions, and were interpreted based on the …

Back To The Garden: The Redemptive Promise Of Sustainable Forestry, 1893-2000, Char Miller

Pomona Faculty Publications and Research

As we struggle at the turn of the century to define and implement “sustainable forestry”— the next stage in the evolution of forest management in North America and the world—it is important to realize that its components have strong roots in the forestry profession. This article examines the relationship of forests and forestry with social equity issues during the last century. In the end, the author leaves us with a question: can sustainable forestry as we understand it today lead to conflict resolution? If not, what lies beyond sustainable forestry?

New Specimens Of Late Quaternary Extinct Mammals From Caves In Sanchez Ramirez Province, Dominican Republic, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Abel Vale, Keith Christenson, Joyce Lundberg, Gabriel Atilles, Stein Erik Lauritzen

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

During the late Quaternary, the island of Hispaniola supported one of the most diverse mammalian faunas in the West Indies. Much of this diversity was lost to extinction in the past 100,000 years, but the timing of these events is poorly known. Here we report the paleontological findings of a multidisciplinary investigation of caves in the central Dominican Republic. These findings include new 'last occurrence' dates for the rodents Isolobodon portoricensis and Brotomys cf. voratus that take these genera to the dawn of the historic era; a first record of a last-interglacial sloth, and the first report of the upper …

Book Review: Iowa's Geological Past: Three Billion Years Of Change, Raymond R. Anderson

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Iowa's Geological Past: Three Billion Years of Change. Wayne Anderson, 1998. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City IA. xii + 424 pages. ISBN 0-87745-639-9, ISBN 0-87745-640-2 (pbk.).

Wayne Anderson, born in geode country in southeast Iowa, earned his Bachelors, Masters, and Ph.D. at the University of Iowa (writing a thesis and dissertation on Iowa geologic topics). He will complete a 37-year career teaching geology at the University of Northern Iowa with his retirement in the Spring of 2000. His research activities and the work of his students have added greatly to our understanding of the geology of eastern Iowa. In …

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Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Density-Dependent Effects On Microhabitat Selection And Activity Of Two Species Of Larval Ambystoma Salamanders, Jeanette M. Jaskula, Robert Brodman

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

To be able to distinguish unnatural amphibian declines from natural population fluctuations we need a better understanding of the mechanisms that affect amphibian community structure. Larval pond-breeding salamanders exhibit density-dependent effects on population parameters, but little is known of the effect of density on behaviors that mediate interactions. Two species, Amby1toma tigrinum (tiger salamander) and A. laterale (blue-spotted salamander), were evaluated in laboratory aquaria for intraspecific and interspecific interactions that affect microhabitat selection and activity. Microhabitat selection was studied by partitioning containers into microhabitats that either contained or lacked refuges, and movement was recorded over a hexagonal grid to determine …