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Artificial Intelligence For Science: Connotations, Characteristics, And System, Kaihua Chen, Heyang Li, Hongxin Liu, Binbin Zhao, Shuo Yang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Artificial intelligence is profoundly transforming the fundamental nature of scientific research, reshaping its modes of knowledge production and organizational operation, driving the emergence of a new artificial intelligence for science (AI4S) research paradigm, and accelerating full-chain innovation paradigm transformation. This study defines the basic connotations of AI4S across three dimensions, namely, enabling applications, tools and methods, and epistemic knowledge, and systematically identifies five core characteristics: human-machine symbiosis, autonomous evolution, interdisciplinary integration, resource intensity, and open ecosystems. It further constructs a supporting system and operational architecture encompassing layers of infrastructure, data resources, model tools, task execution, and application scenarios. Building on …

Open Data From Ligo, Virgo, And Kagra Through The First Part Of The Fourth Observing Run, A. G. Abac, I. Abouelfettouh, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Raul Alberto Espinosa Perez, J. Lawrence, Francisco Llamas Villarreal, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Miriam Ramos Arevalo, Wenhui Wang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA form a network of gravitational-wave observatories. Data and analysis results from this network are made publicly available through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center. This paper describes open data from this network, including the addition of data from the first part of the fourth observing run and selected periods from the preceding engineering run, collected from 2023 May to 2024 January. The public dataset includes calibrated strain time series for each instrument, data from additional channels used for noise subtraction and detector characterization, and analysis data products from version 4.0 of the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog.

Gwtc-4.0: Updating The Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog With Observations From The First Part Of The Fourth Ligo–Virgo–Kagra Observing Run, A. G. Abac, I. Abouelfettouh, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Raul Alberto Espinosa Perez, J. Lawrence, Francisco Llamas Villarreal, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Miriam Ramos Arevalo, Wenhui Wang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Version 4.0 of the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-4.0) adds new candidates detected by the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA observatories through the first part of the fourth observing run (O4a: 2023 May 24 15:00:00 to 2024 January 16 16:00:00 UTC) and a preceding engineering run. In these new data, we find 128 compact binary coalescence candidates that are identified by at least one of our search algorithms with a probability of astrophysical origin pastro ≥ 0.5 and that are not vetoed during event validation. We also provide detailed source property measurements for 86 of these that have a false-alarm rate …

Gw230814: Investigation Of A Loud Gravitational-Wave Signal Observed With A Single Detector, A. G. Abac, I. Abouelfettouh, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Raul Alberto Espinosa Perez, J. Lawrence, Francisco Llamas Villarreal, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Miriam Ramos Arevalo, Wenhui Wang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

GW230814, detected by the LIGO Livingston observatory with a signal-to-noise ratio of 42.4, represents the loudest gravitational-wave signal in the GWTC-4.0 catalog. Its source is consistent with a binary black hole coalescence with component masses m1=33.7+2.9−2.2M⊙, m2=29.9+2.1−2.8M⊙, and a small effective inspiral spin χeff=−0.01+0.06−0.07. The high signal-to-noise ratio enabled us to detect an ℓ = ∣m∣ = 4 mode in the inspiral–merger–ringdown signal for the first time (with Bayes factor ≈10), as well as enabling a range of tests of consistency between theoretical predictions and the observed waveform. While most of these tests show agreement with theoretical predictions, there are …

Searches For Continuous Gravitational Waves From Supernova Remnants In The First Part Of The Ligo-Virgo-Kagra Fourth Observing Run, A. G. Abac, I. Abouelfettouh, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Raul Alberto Espinosa Perez, J. Lawrence, Francisco Llamas Villarreal, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Miriam Ramos Arevalo, Wenhui Wang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present results from directed searches for continuous gravitational waves from a sample of 15 nearby supernova remnants, likely hosting young neutron star candidates, using data from the first eight months of the fourth observing run (O4) of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Collaboration. The analysis employs five pipelines: four semicoherent methods—the Band-Sampled-Data directed pipeline, Weave, and two Viterbi pipelines (single- and dual-harmonic)—and PyStoch, a cross-correlation-based pipeline. These searches cover wide frequency bands and do not assume prior knowledge of the targets’ ephemerides. No evidence of a signal is found from any of the 15 sources. We set 95% confidence-level upper limits on …

Integration Of Intraoperative Data In Interpretable Machine Learning Models To Predict Postoperative Aki In Noncardiac Surgery Patients, Justin Do, Karan H. Shah, Melissa Xu, Andrew Hyunwoo Kim, Vivaswat Suresh, Nidhir Guggilla, Michael Li, Rishi Kothari

Department of Anesthesiology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to (1) quantify changes in discrimination when adding intraoperative data to preoperative data and (2) compare tabular machine learning with feature engineering against a time-aware LSTM-based model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort of 46 204 adults undergoing 57 055 eligible noncardiac surgery in the INSPIRE database. We extracted 38 preoperative and 49 intraoperative variables; acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined by KDIGO serum creatinine criteria and modeled as stage 2/3 postoperative AKI. Models were trained on preoperative-only and combined pre- and intraoperative data. Intraoperative series were summarized using eight statistical features for tabular models or integrated directly …

Optimization Of Sea Transportation Services In The Kepulauan Seribu Using The Vehicle Routing Problem (Vrp) Model, Darmadi Darmadi, Sutanto Soehodho, Nahry Nahry

Smart City

The Kepulauan Seribu regency relies heavily on sea transportation for passenger mobility and goods distribution. However, current systems face efficiency challenges, high operational costs, and potential imbalances between demand and service capacity. This study proposes a framework to optimize sea transportation services in the Kepulauan Seribu using the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) method, especially the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem – Many Single Depot (CVRP–MSD) model with heterogeneous fleets and mixed cargo (passenger and goods). The main objective is to minimize total operating costs, which include fixed costs of using the vessel and variable travel costs, and unmet demand, both passenger …

Galaxy Morphology Classification Using Deep Learning, Dipanwita Kundu Roy

Master’s Dissertations

Galaxy morphology is the study of the shape and visual appearance of galaxies, such as spiral, smooth, edge-on, and other morphological types. Morphological classification plays an important role in understanding how galaxies form and evolve over cosmic time. Most existing machine learning approaches for galaxy morphology classification rely solely on RGB galaxy images, which primarily capture spatial information and lack the physical spectral context of galaxies. In contrast, astronomical spectral datacubes contain rich information across multiple wavelengths, providing insights into the internal and physical properties of galaxies. However, such spectral observations are available for only a limited number of objects. …

Relay Selection And User Scheduling In Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Millimeter-Wave D2d Communication, Lakshmikanta Sau

Doctoral Theses

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted millimeter wave (mmWave) device to device (D2D) communication has recently been proposed as a viable solution to support the overwhelming data traffic in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond wireless networks. However, due to the substantial propagation and penetration losses of mmWave, a direct line of sight (LoS) link between a pair of proximity devices is required for effective communication. Static obstacles like trees and buildings can easily obstruct the direct LoS connectivity between a device pair. In such cases, RISs help to establish an indirect LoS link between an obstructed device pair by reflecting the signals …

Vibrations Of Tapered Beam Via The Exterior Matrix Method, Simranjit Kaur

Student Theses and Dissertations

Cell phone towers, utility poles, and traffic signal poles all use hollow, tapered beams as their main structural element. Because these structures are tall and exposed to wind forces, understanding their vibration behavior is important for ensuring stability and safety. We will use the Exterior Matrix Method to analyse a single beam, which can be used to analyse compound structures involving tapered beams. First, we find the system of four equations satisfied by the tapered beam, which can be converted to a 4 x 4 matrix. Then we find the exterior matrix, which is a 6 x 6 matrix, corresponding …

The Ecotoxicological Implications Of Switching From Fluorescent To Light Emitting Diode Lighting For Zooplankton Culturing And Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing, Orithea Z. Regn

Student Theses and Dissertations

In the global transition toward light emitting diode (LED) lighting, an understudied area is the impact on the culturing and testing of Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) testing organisms, more specifically, the zooplankton species. Without comparison to the current lighting used for culturing and testing, it is unknown if there will be an impact on performance, which could affect effluent, regulatory, and product safety decisions. This dissertation investigated if culturing and reference toxicity testing using sodium chloride for Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia magna, and D. pulex under LED lighting was comparable to fluorescent. Comparisons were made between two laboratories and by season, …

The Impact Of Madden-Julian Oscillation On Rainfall Variability In South Sulawesi And Its Implications For Science Education, Misbahuddin Mansur, Pariabti Palloan, Agus Susanto

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This study examined the relationship between the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and rainfall variability in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, using daily rainfall observations from 24 stations during 1990–2020. A quantitative observational design based on long-term climatological time-series analysis was employed. MJO activity was identified using the Real-time Multivariate MJO (RMM) index, while rainfall variability was analyzed through rainfall anomalies, rainfall frequency, and spatial patterns across Seasonal Zones (ZOM). The results indicate that active MJO phases were generally associated with wetter conditions and higher rainfall frequency, whereas suppressed phases corresponded to drier conditions. Rainfall responses varied considerably among regions, with coastal areas …

American Sign Language Recognition And Analysis Using Deep Learning, Saurabh Kumar Soni

Master’s Dissertations

In this work I build a system that recognizes isolated American Sign Language (ASL) words, and I use it to ask one fairly direct question: when training data is scarce, is it better to look at the video pixels or at the geometry of the signer’s body? To find out, I train two very different models on exactly the same clips. The first is appearance-based. Every frame is run through standard preprocessing and a ResNet50 backbone pre-trained on ImageNet, which turns it into a 2048-dimensional feature vector, and a Bidirectional LSTM then reads that sequence over time. The second model …

Enhanced Embedding For Multimodal Medical Visual Question And Answering, Akash Suna

Master’s Dissertations

Visual Answering of questions in the field of Medical which is called as (VqA) has grown as a dominant area of research that fuse processing of natural language and vision of computer often known as CV or NLP to assist in medical decision-making. However, effective multimodal fusion between medical images and clinical questions remains a significant challenge. This thesis examines the application of the Perceiver IO architecture as an efficient multimodal aggregator for medical VQA. The work has been carried out in multiple directions. First, a classification-based framework is developed by combining Vision Transformer (ViT) and ClinicalBERT alongside a Perceiver …

An Empirical Study Of Rlvr Fine-Tuning For Mathematical Problem Solving In Llms, Rashmi Konnur

Master’s Dissertations

Large language models have shown immense improvement in coding and math performances thanks to reinforcement learning boosted algorithms. However, its true impact on broadening the reasoning and analytical capacities of an LLM is still contended. In this dissertation, we outline the foundations of Large Language Models, and delve into Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR). We discuss various strategies to efficiently manipulate memory during a fine tuning update. We finally perform RLVR fine-tuning techniques on different models with varied use cases and compare their performances, which corroborate the efficiency of RLVR.

Photophysical Behavior Of Ruthenium-Based Complexes: A Study Of Ligand Variation And Encapsulation In Metal-Organic Frameworks, Delaney S. Sellers

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes have emerged as a prominent class of compounds in inorganic photochemistry due to their structural robustness, reversible redox chemistry, and tunable excited-state dynamics. Central to the investigation of these systems is the ability to manipulate the triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer state (3MLCT). In the context of photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), the strategic deactivation of this MLCT state to populate a dissociative triplet ligand field state (3LF) can enable the controlled, light-triggered release of caged cytotoxic agents. This work focuses on understanding the caging mechanism of various ligands to optimize the eventual delivery of cytotoxic ligands. In this …

Development Of A Coupled Hydrological-Nitrogen Modeling Framework For Urban Stormwater Pond Analysis, Tione Grant

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Urbanization impacts the hydrological and biogeochemical processes that regulate water quality in downstream ecosystems, leading to increased stormwater volume and nitrogen loads in receiving aquatic environments. Although stormwater ponds are designed as simple hydraulic storage basins, they function more like managed ecosystems within urban drainage systems, offering both hydraulic attenuation and passive nutrient treatment. However, nitrogen removal efficiency varies significantly and depends on interactions between hydrological and biogeochemical factors. This thesis details the development, calibration, validation, and sensitivity analysis of a coupled hydrological-nitrogen model framework for Aaran’s Pond, an urban stormwater pond in Hillsborough County, Florida.

A process-based water budget …

Trophic Structure Of Reef-Fish Assemblages In The Eastern Gulf Of Mexico Varies By Depth And Reef Type, Jessica L. Van Vaerenbergh

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Globally, marine ecosystems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic stressors, leading to reef degradation, changes in reef-fish assemblages, and altered trophic structure. In this study, I investigated reef-fish underwater visual survey data collected over a decade (2013-2023) from paired natural and artificial reefs in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. I applied the novel Normalized Reef Status Index (NRSI) to evaluate how biomass was distributed across the three trophic categories (i.e., Lower Trophic Position (LTP; 2.0-2.9), Central Trophic Position (CTP; 3.0-3.9), and Upper Trophic Position (UTP; ≥4.0). This index is a metric to assess the ecological status of reef systems by investigating …

Development And Evaluation Of The East Florida Coastal Ocean Model (Efcom), Orion B. Scharton-Witmer

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Florida’s Atlantic coast has abundant resources in beaches, state parks, aquatic preserves, and wildlife refuges as well as densely populated coastal cities in low lying areas that are all subjected to natural disaster threats from the oceans. There is an urgent need for a high-resolution coastal ocean circulation model for this region. Based on the application of the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM), an East Florida Coastal Ocean Model (EFCOM) is developed, downscaling from the deep ocean, across the continental shelf, and into the estuaries. It employs an unstructured grid with horizontal resolution varying from 3 kilometers at the …

Analysis And Machine Learning Adaptation Of A Cognitive Model For Human Memory, Trevor Cross, Aihua W. Wood

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we use the Duolingo SLAM dataset to analyze several cognitive models of second language acquisition and develop new approaches for enhanced performance. In particular, we consider the Predictive Performance Equation and some of its underlying power laws. Leveraging insights from machine learning, we develop simple one-feature models as building blocks for combined models that match or in certain cases outperform the existing models at much reduced computational cost. In addition, a neural network with one fully connected hidden layer is constructed that outperforms all other models on sufficiently large datasets.

Scattering From Analytic And Piecewise Analytic Inhomogeneities, Narek Hovsepyan, Michael S. Vogelius

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

We study scattering for the linear Helmholtz operator in two dimensions and develop a technique which can be used to ascertain scattering of a given incident wave from very regular inhomogeneities. This technique is then applied to a number of interesting examples.

Boiling Flow Estimation For Aero-Optic Phase Screen Generation, Jeffrey W. Utley, Gregery T. Buzzard, Charles A. Bouman, Matthew R. Kemnetz

Faculty Publications

Aero-optic effects due to turbulence can reduce the effectiveness of transmitting light waves to a distant target. Methods to compensate for turbulence typically rely on realistic turbulence data, which can be generated by i) experiment, ii) high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD), iii) low-fidelity CFD, and iv) autoregressive methods. However, each of these methods has significant drawbacks, including monetary and/or computational expense, limited quantity, inaccurate statistics, and overall complexity. By contrast, the boiling flow algorithm is a simple, computationally efficient model that can generate atmospheric phase screen data with only a handful of parameters. However, boiling flow has not been widely …

Some New Oscillatory Behavior Of Higher-Order Elliptic Partial Differential Equations, S. Priyadharshini, V. Sadhasivam, Samrajesh Mault, K. K. Viswanathan

Mansoura Engineering Journal

The main objective of this study is to investigate the new adequate conditions for oscillation of higher-order elliptic partial differential equations by using the Riccati transformation and integral average method. The Riccati transformation converts a nonlinear first order Riccati differential equation into a second order linear ordinary differential equation, enabling solution via standard linear methods followed by inversion. Our plan of action is to reduce the multidimensional problem to an ordinary differential problem by using Jensen's inequality. Elliptic partial differential equations are used in almost every field of mathematics and physics, including Lie theory, geometry, and harmonic analysis. An elliptic …

Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice Regarding Vitamin D Among Adults In Western Libya: Assessment And Socio-Demographic Influences, Abdounasser Albasher Omar, Kawther Adaila, Mofida M. Alfaid, Abdurrahman M Sweidan, Ruqayah Kasheem, Samia Emhemmed Abadi, Abdulnabi Ali Abushita, Hafsa A. Alemam

Al-Bahir

Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread public health concern, necessitating a clear understanding of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among populations. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess Libyan citizens' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding vitamin D in the western region of Libya. This study was carried out between June and September of 2021. A questionnaire was distributed across the study area and the complete responses were 314, with 62.7% were females and 37.3% were males.  The scores were calculated as percentages and statistically tested. Additionally, the impact of some socio-demographic factors (age, gender, education level, job, and salary) …

Production, Purification, And Crystallization Of The Recombinant Her2 Tyrosine Kinase Domain (Her2-Tkd), Edanur Topalan, Hali̇li̇brahi̇m Çi̇ftçi̇, Hasan Demi̇rci̇

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase domain (HER2-TKD) is an important therapeutic target in oncology. In this study, we developed a practical and cost-effective approach for producing soluble recombinant HER2-TKD in Escherichia coli as a basis for structure-based drug discovery. The gene encoding HER2-TKD was cloned into a pET28a(+) expression vector and expressed in E. coli. Since the protein was initially obtained as inclusion bodies, solubilization with 1.5% sarcosyl was applied to recover it in soluble form. The purified protein was obtained through size-exclusion chromatography, followed by tag removal using reverse affinity purification. Crystallization trials were performed …

Quantum Engineered Mxene–Graphene–Plasmonic Nanocomposites For Next-Generation Transparent And Flexible Space Photovoltaics, Arash Vaghef-Koodehi

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This study presents a quantum‑engineered, tricomponent heterostructure comprising Ti3C2T MXene quantum dots (2–5 nm), single‑layer graphene, and plasmonic gold nanoparticles (15 ± 3 nm) uniformly embedded within electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. This integrated architecture demonstrates a remarkable combination of optical transparency (89.3 ± 1.1%) and power conversion efficiency (19.7 ± 0.4%) under AM0 solar illumination, representing 340% enhancement over state‑of‑the‑art transparent photovoltaic devices. A multiscale computational framework, bridging density functional theory and device‑level drift-diffusion modeling, identifies optimal interlayer spacing (3.4 ± 0.1 Å) as the key to achieving 89.3% charge‑transfer efficiency. Concurrently, localized surface plasmon resonances at 532 nm generate electromagnetic …

Efficient Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Degradation Of Azo Dyes Using The Nanocomposite Mgfe2o4/Mos2, Zahra Zeinali, Leila Ershadi Afshar, Naz Chaibakhsh, Farnaz Isapour

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In the present work, a facile hydrothermal route was employed to synthesize the nanocomposite MgFe2O4/MoS2, which acted as a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst for the degradation of a synthetic diazo dye, Acid Blue 113 (AB113). The nanocatalyst produced underwent analysis using multiple characterization techniques. The parameters influencing the oxidative reaction were statistically modeled and optimized using response surface methodology. Optimal degradation efficiency for AB113 (94.92%) was attained at pH 8.79 using 10 mg of MgFe2O4/MoS2 nanocatalyst, 1.6 mL of H2O2, and a reaction duration of 27 min. The synergistic effect resulting from the formation of electron-hole pairs renders the combined photocatalysis …

Electrochemical Biosensing Of Alpha-Fetoprotein Based On Carboxylated Multi-Walled Nanotube-Polyazur A (In Des)-Gold Nanoparticles, Merve Yilmaz Çilçar, Meli̇ke Bi̇lgi̇ Kamaç

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

AFP, a cancer biomarker, is monitored during fetal development and in the serum of pregnant women. Sensitive and rapid monitoring of AFP is crucial for effective management. In this study, screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH), polyAzur A (PAA), which was prepared in a deep eutectic solution (DES), and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were fabricated. AFP biosensors were developed for practical, sensitive, low-cost, and rapid detection of AFP. Optimizations of nanostructures (MWCNT-COOH, AuNP) and polymers (PAADES) were performed. The MWCNT-COOH, PAADES, and AuNP-modified SPCEs were characterized by FE-SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XRD techniques. The amounts of 6-MOH, APTES, …

[H]-Mediated Enhancement Of The Fenton Reaction Over A Pd/Uio-66(Zr)-F4 Catalyst, Juanhong Li, Suqin Wang, Xin Liu, Feng Liu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A [H]-accelerated catalytic Fenton system was developed using Pd/UiO-66(Zr)-F4 as the catalyst. This system enabled the regeneration of Fe²⁺ and facilitated the continuous generation of both ·OH and 1O2 through [H]-mediated electron transfer at ambient temperature and pressure. Under the conditions of 0.2 g L−1 catalyst (Pd loading 0.516 wt%), 25 μM Fe2+, 60 mL min−1 H2 flow (as the [H] source), 20 mM H2O2, and pH 3, approximately 89% of carbamazepine (initial concentration 20 mg L−1) was degraded within 3 h using trace iron. However, the catalytic activity of Pd/UiO-66(Zr)-F4 gradually declined from 89% to 53% over six reaction …

Alcohol-Based Microextraction Of Rhodamine 6g From Soft Drink, Food, And Cosmetic Samples, Mustafa Soylak, Esra Yamaner, Özgür Özalp

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

By using alcohol-based solvent extraction without tetrahydrofuran, a liquid–liquid microextraction technique was developed for the separation–enrichment of trace levels of Rhodamine 6G from complex matrices, including soft drinks, food, cosmetics, hygiene products, and natural waters. Numerous experimental parameters were tuned, including pH, alcohol volume, ultrasonication time, and sample and eluent volume. The enrichment factor (EF), limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) were used to assess the analytical performance of the suggested approach. The LOD and LOQ were 6.92 ng mL−1 and 23 ng mL−1, respectively, and the EF was 14. Through the use of the standard addition …