Digital Commons Network^™

Sensitivity And Application Of Frequency Domain High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography (Fd Hd-Dot), Weihao Fan

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that measures hemodynamic responses in the brain, similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) but with distinct advantages. By utilizing near-infrared light, fNIRS can penetrate biological tissues and detect changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. Additionally, fNIRS is portable, noninvasive and inexpensive. Within the realm of fNIRS, several measurement techniques exist, including Continuous Wave (CW), Frequency Domain (FD), and Time Domain (TD) methods. In this dissertation, we focused on the effects, fundamental principles and applications of FD designs. We provided the introduction in Chapter 1, and discussed the background theory and …

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Butte Reduction Works (Brw) Phase Ii Interim Demolition Plan Construction Drawings And Floodplain Encroachment Analysis (Dated November 27, 2024), Emma Rott

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Invasion Stress Mitigates Climate Stress In A Brackish Marsh Amphipod, Lorna E. Haworth, Sarah Nancollas, Susie N. Landa, Anne E. Todgham, Richelle L. Tanner

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

1. Organisms in coastal brackish ecosystems face not only highly variable environmental conditions, but the intensity and stochasticity of these environmental conditions are anticipated to increase due to climate change. While environmental changes are often presented unilaterally as stressors, there are some anthropogenic environmental transformations, such as the introduction of habitat forming plant species, that may mitigate physiological stress imposed by warming. In Suisun Marsh in the California Delta, native plant canopies allow light and heat to penetrate to the understory yet the canopies of the introduced Phragmites australis reed block out sunlight and heat for organisms living below.
2. We set …

Elimination Method Of Temperature Lag Effect In Deformation Monitoring Data Of Cable‑Stayed Bridge Structures, Liu Hongshuang, Zhai Wenqiang, Zeng Guoliang

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

There is a temperature lag effect in the deformation monitoring data of the bridge structure.Eliminating the temperature lag effect is of great significance in the health monitoring of the bridge structure.Based on the linear correlation between the deformation of the bridge structure and the temperature，this paper applied the goodness of fit test and proposed a time-domain translation elimination method.On this basis，by taking the long-term synchronous monitoring of the tower inclination，beam end displacement，main girder deflection，and temperature data of a cable-stayed bridge as an example，this method was used to eliminate the temperature lag effect in the deformation monitoring data and compared with …

Method For Measuring The Rate Of Improvement In Survival Times Of Cancer Patients, Thobani Chaduka

Theses and Dissertations

In clinical settings, technological advancements have facilitated health care improvements in data analytics, artificial intelligence, telemedicine, health information systems, etc. This has furthered our understanding of cancer biology and treatment mechanisms. In this study, we aim to understand whether Moore’s law-like models may derive from historical cancer survival data, and how they can predict survival statistics for newly diagnosed cancer patients. Historically these predictions have previously been done with the diagnosis year as the independent variable and the survival as a dependent variable. In this study we use death year data as an independent variable and from that, we derive …

Brain Endothelial Permeability, Transport, And Flow Assessed Over 10 Orders Of Magnitude Using The In Situ Brain Perfusion Technique, Quentin R. Smith, Haritha Mandula, Jagan Mohan R. Parepally, Jun Oki, Fancy Thomas, Helen R. Thorsheim, Abraham J. Al‑Ahmad, Thomas J. Abbruscato, Per Ask, David S. Hage, Peter J. Robinson

David Hage Publications

Background Cerebral blood flow normally places a limit on the magnitude of brain vascular permeability (P) that can be measured in vivo. At normal cerebral blood flow, this limit falls at the lower end of lipophilicity for most FDAapproved CNS drugs. In this study, we report on two methods that can be used to overcome this limitation and measure brain vascular permeability values that are up to ~1000 times higher using the in situ brain perfusion technique.

Methods Rat brain was perfused with physiological saline at increased flow rate and in the presence of various concentrations of plasma protein, serum …

Artificial Intelligence-Based Methodologies For Early Diagnostic Precision And Personalized Therapeutic Strategies In Neuro-Ophthalmic And Neurodegenerative Pathologies, Rahul Kumar, Ethan Waisberg, Joshua Ong, Phani Paladugu, Dylan Amiri, Jeremy Saintyl, Jahnavi Yelamanchi, Robert Nahouraii, Ram Jagadeesan, Alireza Tavakkoli

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

Advancements in neuroimaging, particularly diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET), have significantly enhanced the early detection of biomarkers in neurodegenerative and neuro-ophthalmic disorders. These include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease. This review highlights the transformative role of advanced diffusion MRI techniques-Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging-in identifying subtle microstructural changes in the brain and visual pathways that precede clinical symptoms. When integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, these techniques achieve unprecedented diagnostic precision, facilitating early detection of neurodegeneration and …

Mental Health Care Disparities Among Us Pregnant Individuals In 2020–2021: A Cross-Sectional Study, Julisa Tindall, Monique J. Brown Ph.D., Mph, Peiyin Hung

Faculty Publications

Purpose

To examine maternal characteristics associated with perceived unmet mental health needs and mental health care settings, focusing on residential rurality and race/ethnicity.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed self-reported unmet mental health needs and mental health care settings among 1097 pregnant respondents in the 2020–2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, incorporating the complex sampling weights for national representativeness.

Findings

Non-Hispanic Black pregnant individuals and those living in nonmetro rural areas reported lower odds of unmet mental health needs compared to those in large metro areas and non-Hispanic White individuals. Pregnant individuals in nonmetro rural areas and non-Hispanic other …

Emergency Vehicle Dispatching Model Considering Demand Urgency And Delivery Fairness, Long Kejun, Liu Jia, Gao Zhibo, Chen Suqian, Zhang Zhonggen

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

In emergency vehicle dispatching after unexpected events，it is crucial to prioritize critical nodes with high demand urgency while minimizing excessive delivery delays at other nodes to prevent secondary impacts.On this basis，this study developed an emergency vehicle dispatching model that considered demand urgency and delivery delay fairness.Firstly，the entropy weight-TOPSIS method was used to calculate the demand urgency for each node，and a delivery delay balance index was introduced to minimize disparities in delivery delays between nodes.Secondly，a multi-objective optimization model was established with total delivery time，overall cost，and delivery delay balance as objectives，while considering constraints such as inventory levels at distribution centers and route …

Phytoplankton As A Bioindicator For Evaluation Of The Irrigation Water Quality Near A Metal-Coating Factory, Mimatun Nasihah, Ardyati Ardyati, Dian Siswanto, Catur Retnaningdyah

Makara Journal of Science

The irrigation water quality in Plosowahyu village, Lamongan District, Indonesia, has declined because of industrial waste disposal in irrigation canals. Specifically, waste from a metal-coating factory considerably threatens the aquatic ecosystem. To assess the impact, we evaluated water quality on the basis of phytoplankton diversity and various phys-icochemical parameters. We collected water and phytoplankton samples from four locations in Plosowahyu village: before the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outlet of the metal-coating factory, at this outlet, and from two sites in Wahyu River, with three repetitions at each site. The study measured several physicochemical parameters, including total dissolved solids (TDS), total …

Analysis Of Dense Metals Accumulation In Shikaripara Stone Mines, Gopinath Gorai, Nirajan Kumar Mandal

Makara Journal of Science

This study aimed to measure the amount of dangerous substances in the cultivated area of the Shikaripara stone mines in Jharkhand, India, which are well known for their stone quarrying. Sixteen soil samples were collected at varying dis-tances from the Shikaripara stone mines in the Dumka District of Jharkhand. The metals found in these samples in-clude Pb, As, Zn, Mn, Cd, Cu, Fg, and Fe. The combined amount of the elements was calculated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Enrichment factor, accumulation index, contamination factor, pollution load index (PLI), Nemerow index, and ecological risk index (RI) were employed to assess …

Improving Clinical Information Extraction From Electronic Health Records: Leveraging Large Language Models And Evaluating Their Outputs, Kriti Bhattarai

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Accurate extraction of clinical entities and phenotypes from unstructured electronic health record (EHR) text is crucial for various clinical research tasks, including cohort identification, tracking temporal patterns in disease progression and deciding treatment course. However, this task remains challenging due to the complexity and ambiguity of medical language. This dissertation explores the application of advanced generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) models, such as GPT-4, GPT-3.5-turbo, Llama-3.1, Llama-3 and Flan-T5, for clinical entity and phenotype extraction from EHRs. Building upon these findings, this dissertation also investigates a hybrid approach where integration of external knowledge sources, such as Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) …

Berkeley Pit Geochemical And Limnological Evaluation Pre-Design Investigation (Pdi) Work Plan, Josh Bryson

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Comparing Multivalent Cross-Linked Sodium Alginate/ Montmorillonite Beads Containing Curcumin Or Cayenne Pepper As Drug Carriers And Their Antimicrobial Resistance, Shionainn Traynor, Shubham Sharma

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

The aim of the following work was to investigate and compare curcumin and cayenne pepper in microbeads composed of sodium alginate (SA) crosslinked with montmorillonite (MMT) to act as drug carriers and their antimicrobial resistance. The microbeads were prepared through ion-exchange in multivalent solutions of CaCl₂, MgCl₂ and AlCl₃. The microbeads were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and the time required for intercalation of curcumin and cayenne pepper with MMT. Simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.3) and gastric fluid (pH 1.2) at 37°C were used for comparison in swelling studies. …

Review: Cell Mechanisms In The Control Of Inflammatory Foundations Of Obesity And Secondary Metabolic Disorders, Kristin Goldstone, Keelin Irwin, Ava O' Meara-Cushen, Cathy Brougham

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Review: Obesity is a global threat to human health that is precipitating epidemically, with almost 2 billion adults categorised as overweight or obese in 2016. Ireland has one of the highest reports of obesity in Europe with 60% of Irish adults reported as overweight or obese. Inflammation plays an integral role in disease pathogenesis and is a major hallmark of obesity and obesity-related secondary co-morbidities. Obesity-related inflammation can precipitate several diseases, such breast cancer, insulin resistance, type II diabetes and cardiovascular issues. As obesity puts human health at inherent risk, the regulation of obesity-related inflammation is therefore a necessary component …

Mathematical Modelling Of Disease Outbreak, Favour Christian, Matthew Molloy

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Establishing a model framework for more research necessitates a thorough understanding of the causes, distribution, prevalence, and evolution of infectious illnesses. The main mathematical concept used in this modelling simulation is ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of the many criteria linked to a zombie virus spread. The zombie framework provides an accessible and relatively simple representation of the nature of infectious disease spread, allowing for tractable assumptions and the development of more complex situations.

The models are designed around a zombie outbreak in which the zombie virus is spread through a …

Editorial - Sure Journal Vol 6, Anne M. Friel, Eva Campion, Sinead Loughran

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

.

A Meteorological Investigation Of A Tornado- Producing, “Hybrid” Supercell-Multicell Storm Near Delphi, Indiana, On May 8, 2023, Evelyn Rose K. Girardi

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Where To Build Food Banks: A Machine Learning Approach, Gavin Ruan

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Over 44 million Americans currently suffer from food insecurity, of whom 13 million are children. Food insecurity has been shown to cause a wide range of both physical and developmental issues. Across the United States, thousands of food banks and pantries serve as vital sources of food and other forms of aid for food-insecure families. By optimizing food bank locations, food banks and their resources would become more accessible to families who desperately require it. The aim of this paper is to build a machine learning framework that is able to optimize food bank locations and to consider factors such …

Security At Too High An Environmental Cost?: The European Union's Energy Independence Strategy And Its Environmental Implications For Air Quality In Poland And Hungary, Stephanie P. Peterson

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the European Union worked to secure liquified natural gas (LNG) deals with third countries to abolish its dependence on Russian gas. In this article, I sought to determine the environmental implications of the European Union’s new LNG deals on the air quality in Hungary and Poland, two former communist states. Despite LNG being a cleaner fossil fuel, I hypothesized that it posed a threat to Hungary’s and Poland’s air quality as both countries endured rapid industrialization under Soviet control that forwent environmental protections. To prove this, I used qualitative data from before the …

Predictive Maintenance Analysis Of Turbofan Engine Sensor Data, Stanley A. Melkumian

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Predictive maintenance in aviation and aerospace applications is among the most explored problems in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), and datasets such as NASA’s C-MAPPS turbofan engine degradation simulation data have proven invaluable, helping researchers explore numerous questions on engine performance, maintenance, and failure. The purpose of this study was to extend the current research on predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of engines and their risk classification. Starting with simple yet under-investigated nonlinear survival and random forest models, the analysis implemented eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and long short-term memory (LSTM) from TensorFlow’s Keras library. For both regression …

The Influence Of Soil Properties And Land Management On Soil Porewater Chemistry, Bethany Kettleborough

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Soil water dynamics influence vegetation health, soil geochemical reactions, and stream chemistry. Water dynamics can be controlled by soil type and land management. It is important to understand water movement due to its influence on soil weathering, microbial activity, and nutrient transport. Water movement can be investigated using water stable isotope variability as a tracer. The purpose of this ongoing study was to analyze stable isotopes and dissolved ions in prairie and agricultural land management sites in Nebraska and Illinois. Prairies typically contain deep-rooted grasses, while agricultural lands contain shallow-rooted row crops. Root depth is considered a major control on …

Embodied Cognition And Teaching Stem: Tenets To Explain And Enhance A Middle School Science Project, Jonathan E. Roberts, Joshua L. Williams, Robert A. Hodgdon, Caroline Payne, Gabriela Ruiz Emmanuelli

Current Issues in Middle Level Education

STEM pedagogy is a popular area for research and discussion. The empirical literature on this topic supports a variety of approaches (e.g., inquiry-based) to help instructors spark student interest create an effective learning environment, and foster long-term retention and transfer of information related to STEM topics. One potential approach is to use tenets of embodied cognition, in which behavior and cognition emerge out of real-time sensorimotor behavior of the individual situated within a particular context, to implement strategies to enhance STEM pedagogy. We applied the six lessons of embodied cognition to understand the beneficial aspects of a middle-school project on …

Re: Comment Letter For The Draft Final Butte Reduction Works (Brw) Smelter Area Mine Waste Remediation And Contaminated Groundwater Hydraulic Control Site Quality Assurance Project Plan (Qapp) For Microbial Analysis And Biotreatability Study (Dated October 10, 2024), Emma Rott

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Theory And Algorithms To Learn, Propagate, And Exploit Uncertainty For Stochastic Optimal Control Of Dynamical Systems, Vignesh Sivaramakrishnan

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Non-Gaussian uncertainty frequently arises in learning and control problems involving stochastic dynamical systems, particularly in autonomous vehicles, UAVs, satellites, and robotics. In this dissertation, we propose a new framework that leverages characteristic functions that provides a frequency-domain representation of random variables. The dissertation is structured into three key areas. First, we address model-based stochastic optimal control for linear systems with non-Gaussian noise, demonstrating that characteristic functions can be used to enforce chance constraints and control systems toward desired distributions. Second, we explore data-driven stochastic control, utilizing empirical characteristic functions to handle systems with unknown disturbances. In addition, we derive several …

The Role Of Nutrient Solutions On Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria Population, Phosphorus Availability, Phosphorus Uptake, Growth And Yield Of Red Chili (Capsicum Annuum L.), Betty Natalie Fitriatin, Raden Faqih Hilmiy Ghifari, Emma Trinurani Sofyan, Fitri Widiantini, Hanif Fakhrurroja, Tualar Simarmata

Jurnal Kultivasi

Red chili consumption in Indonesia has increased every year. However, with large chili production to meet large consumption, land conversion for various purposes has reduced the harvested area. The efforts to increase the harvested area of chili using Inceptisols soil by providing nutrient solutions to overcome the infertility of the soil using its nutrients. This experiment aims to determine the effect of nutrient solution application on the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, phosphorus availability, phosphorus uptake, growth, and yield of Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) in Inceptisols. The experiment was conducted from August 2023 to February 2024 at Ciparanje Experimental Field, …

3d Game: Enhancing Game Ai With Machine Learning, Nicholas William English

Masters Projects

Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) are terms that are often used synonymously, but they are ever-so slightly different. Machine learning is really a subset of artificial intelligence and involves creating an algorithm so that a computer can learn patterns. Artificial intelligence extends machine learning with the goal to go beyond pattern recognition by having a computer that is capable of mimicking human intelligence. Video games often use the term AI in reference to the bots or non-playable characters (NPCs) that players may interact with. Generally, these bots do not actually implement AI, nor do they use ML, but …

Are There Neurological Impacts Of Exposure To A Burned Wildfire Site As It Recovers?, Rubye Strickland

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Wildfires are increasing with climate change, making the human health implications of exposure to burned soils an essential area of research. Metals associated with fire-impacted soils can be inhaled or accidentally ingested by surrounding communities, causing health risks. Several studies have evaluated the health impact of wildfires, but few have done so from a neurological perspective. This study explores metal changes in burned soils over time as a site naturally recovers from wildfire and how these changes may impact human neurological health. Soil samples were collected from the burned area 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the fire. …

Climate- And Land-Use Change Impacts On Ecosystem Services Provided By Prairie Pothole Wetlands, Alina Mullins

Master's Projects and Capstones

Prairie pothole wetlands are a type of depressional, isolated wetland that can be found in the glaciated landscape of the mid-central United States and portions of southern Canada, also referred to as the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR). The region is consistently recognized for its historic production and support of migratory waterfowl populations among other types of mammals and invertebrates largely due to the variability in pothole wetlands water levels and vegetative structure. Isolated from other waterbodies and lacking surface water connections, the hydrology of prairie pothole wetlands is influenced by the region’s continental climate. Historically, the region receives much of …

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Final Bpsou Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Belle Of Butte (Bres No. 8 & Ur-39) Remedial Action Work Plan (Rawp) Request For Change Ir- 2024-Ra-01, Revision 1, Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.