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Field Methods To Enhance Degradation Of Nitrate In Surficial Soils, Urko Atxotegi Alegria

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

An environmental field study was conducted from April to October 1998 in the Black Hawk County, Iowa. The main goal of the study was to find an appropriate field method to enhance degradation of nitrates in the surficial soil. Seven different methods were developed in the study to compare between four variables. The variables that were investigated were the source of nitrates, the moisture content of the soil, the uptake by plants and the total carbon content of the soil. The investigation has also been conducted to find out the specific influence of each parameter on landuse. A weather station …

Affinity Chromatography: A Review Of Clinical Applications, David S. Hage

David Hage Publications

Affinity chromatography is a type of liquid chromatography that makes use of biological-like interactions for the separation and specific analysis of sample components. This review describes the basic principles of affinity chromatography and examines its use in the testing of clinical samples, with an emphasis on HPLCbased methods. Some traditional applications of this approach include the use of boronate, lectin, protein A or protein G, and immunoaffinity supports for the direct quantification of solutes. Newer techniques that use antibody-based columns for on- or off-line sample extraction are examined in detail, as are methods that use affinity chromatography in combination with …

Negative Ph, Efflorescent Mineralogy, And Consequences For Environmental Restoration At The Iron Mountain Superfund Site, California, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Charles N. Alpers

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The Richmond Mine of the Iron Mountain copper deposit contains some of the most acid mine waters ever reported. Values of pH have been measured as low as -3.6, combined metal concentrations as high as 200 g/liter, and sulfate concentrations as high as 760 g/liter. Copious quantities of soluble metal sulfate salts such as melanterite, chalcanthite, coquimbite, rhomboclase, voltaite, copiapite, and halotrichite have been identified, and some of these are forming from negative-pH mine waters. Geochemical calculations show that, under a mine-plugging remediation scenario, these salts would dissolve and the resultant 600,000-m³ mine pool would have a pH of …

2018 Nebraska Water Leaders Academy - Final Report, Mark E. Burbach

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

Nineteen participants completed the 2018 Water Leaders Academy bringing the total number of graduates to 120 since the inception of the program in 2011. Assessment of participants’ transformational leadership skills, champion of innovation skills, water knowledge and engagement, civic capacity, and entrepreneurial leadership behaviors showed a significant increase over the course of the year, from both participants’ and their raters’ perspectives. Feedback from participants was highly positive and constructive. Participant concerns were addressed, and only minor changes are planned for the 2019 Academy curriculum. Results of the program assessment indicate that the curriculum is meeting Academy objectives. Most importantly, Alumni …

Calibration Of Millimetric Marmara Radio Telescope And Radio Detection Of Ozone Line Over Gebze/Kocaeli In Turkey, Mehmet Emi̇n Özel, I. M. Yusifov, A. O. Allakhverdiev, A. A. Vertiy, G. Bayer, Osman Demi̇rcan, H. Kirbiyik, T. Adigüzel

Turkish Journal of Physics

A brief description of the calibration procedures for the millimetric Marmara Radio Telescope, MRT-2 is presented. Observations carried out during the spectroscopic calibration work is indicative of daily variations of Ozone line of sight density over the telescope location. This being also the first radio observations carried out in Turkey, a short account of observations and results are given.

Impacts Of Agricultural Transformation On The Principal Karstic Regions Of France, Jean Nicod, Jean-Noël Salomon

International Journal of Speleology

The recent extension of intensive agriculture on the karst plateaus has caused different types of impact: soil management, generalised and/or localised pollution. Yet paradoxically rural depopulation can also have negative impacts, which largely depend on the characteristics and the hydrological function of the different karst environments. They are often negative, particularly as far as the water quality is concerned, which is why protection measures are undertaken, either in a defined area for a catchment, or in the framework of regional parks. But this is not always the case, so it is appropriate to analyse the problem of karst pollution as …

Karst And Agriculture In Australia, David Gillieson, Mia Thurgate

International Journal of Speleology

Much of the development and degradation of karst lands in Australia has occurred in the last two centuries since European settlement. Recent prolonged El Niño events add further climatic uncertainty and place real constraints on sustainable agriculture. The lower southeast of South Australia is perhaps the one area in Australia where karst, and particularly karst hydrology, impinge on the daily lives of the community in that pollution and overexploitation of the aquifer are readily apparent to the local population. Effluent from intensive dairy farms, piggeries and cheese factories enters the karst and has caused concern over pollution of water supplies. …

Separation Of Enantiomers By Capillary Electrophoresis Using Pentosan Polysulfate, Xiande Wang, Jauh Tzuoh Lee, Daniel W. Armstrong

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Pentosan polysulfate, a semisynthetic polysaccharide, was employed as a chiral un buffer additive in capillary electrophoresis. Twenty-eight racemic analytes were resolved. The separations were successful only at low pH when the analytes were significantly protonated. This suggests that ionic interactions were the dominant associative interactions between the anionic pentosan polysulfate and the positively charged analytes. Compared to other linear, carbohydrate-based chiral selectors (i.e., chondroitin sulfates, heparin and dextran sulfate) pentosan polysulfate has some characteristics common of anionic polysaccharides; yet it has several differences in its structure and properties which account for its unusual enantioselectivity. The effects of pH, concentration of …

Decision Analytic Approach To Severe Head Injury Management., Harmanec D., Tze-Yun Leong, Sundaresh S., Poh K., Yeo T., Ng I., Lew T.

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Severe head injury management in the intensive care unit is extremely challenging due to the complex domain, the uncertain intervention efficacies, and the time-critical setting. We adopt a decision analytic approach to automate the management process. We document our experience in building a simplified influence diagram that involves about 3000 numerical parameters. We identify the inherent problems in structuring a model with unclear domain relationships, numerous interacting variables, and real-time multiple inputs. We analyze the effectiveness and limitations of the decision analytic approach and present a set of desiderata for effective knowledge acquisition in this setting. We also propose a …

Vitamin Effect On The Aerobic Biodegradation Of Phenanthrene, Antracene, Fluoranthene, And Pyrene In A Contaminated Soil From An Industrial Site, Ilkay Cam

Theses

Bioremediation of organic wastes is often a cost-effective technology for the in situ treatment of contaminated soils. In this study, the possibility of increasing the rate and extent of biodegradation for phenathrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in an industrial PAH contaminated soil via vitamin mixture supplementation was explored.

Soil contained with PAHs was obtainecl from the Bayway refinery site formerly owned by Exxon (Linden, NJ). Experiments were conducted in which the contaminated soil was amended with a mixtures of four vitamins (niacin, biotin, folic acid, and panthothenic acid). Peat moss, a common soil amendment, was also added in some experiments. …

Sub-Lethal Effects Of Hypoxia/Hypercapnia On Callinectes Sapidus In The York River Estuary, Virginia, Sandra R. Hypes

Theses and Dissertations

This research examined effects of hypoxic environments on blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus in an estuarine environment. Hypoxic conditions were treated as a multiple stressor involving low dissolved oxygen (D.O.), increased carbon dioxide (hypercapnia), and low pH concurrently. The objectives were to: 1) identify hypoxiahypercapnia by monitoring D.O. and pH as an indicator of hypercapnia in shallow regions of the York River, 2) measure blue crab abundance, and 3) describe blue crab responses to hypoxiahypercapnia via field work at Taskinas Creek and lab measurements of respiration. Ambient D.O. and pH were positively correlated in the Taskinas Creek and York River sites …

Zinc Mining Contamination And Sedimentation Rates Of Historical Overbank Deposits, Honey Creek Watershed, Southwest Missouri, Jason L. Carlson

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Sediment-associated contaminants released by past mining activities in the Tri-State Lead and Zinc District in southwest Missouri pose a long-term risk to water quality. This study uses sedimentological and geochemical analyses to describe the relationships between mine contaminant dispersal and historical sedimentation patterns of the Honey Creek watershed ( 176 km2) which drains the Aurora Sub-district along the eastern boundary of the Tri-State District. This watershed has been subjected to an intense period of Pb-Zn mining that began in 1886, peaked in 1916, and ended by 1930. The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine the magnitude and distribution …

Quantitation Of Pyrethrum Residues In Brown Tree Snakes, John J. Johnston, Carol A. Furcolow, Stephanie A. Volz, Richard E. Mauldin, Thomas M. Primus, Peter J. Savarie, Joe E. Brooks

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

A reversed-phase solid-phase extraction–gas chromatography (SPE–GC)–electron capture detection method is developed to quantitate individual rethrin residues in pyrethrum-exposed brown tree snakes. Aliquots (6 g) of homogenized snake tissue are extracted with 10 mL acetonitrile. The rethrins are recovered from the acetonitrile extract and concentrated using C₈ SPE. The rethrins are eluted from the SPE column with pentane, evaporated to near dryness, and reconstituted to 1 mL with 1-propanol. Individual rethrins are quantitated using GC analysis of the 1-propanol solution. Method limits of detection for rethrins range from 0.63 to 6.51 ng/g. The mean recovery for all rethrins is 70.8% …

Changes In Early Winter Abundance Of Four Gull (Larus) Species On Western Lake Erie, 1951-1995, Laura A. Tyson, Richard A. Dolbeer, Jerrod L. Belant

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Many gulls (Larus spp.) that nest on and north of the Great Lakes concentrate along the south shore of western Lake Erie in early winter. Monitoring population trends of these gulls is important because of increasing conflicts between gulls and humans. We used data from four Christmas Bird Count locations to examine population trends of four gull species on western Lake Erie during nine 5-year periods, 1951-1995. Overall, ring-billed gulls (Z. delawarensis} were the dominant species (59% of gulls counted) followed by herring (Z. argentatus, 20%), Bonaparte's (Z. Philadelphia, 18%) and great blackbacked (Z. marinus, 0.2%) gulls. Ring-billed gulls displayed …

Capsicum-Laden Soils Decrease Contact Time By Northern Pocket Gophers, Ray T. Sterner, Kelly Hollenbeck, Stephen Shumake

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Fossorial rodents damage lawns/water impoundments/ crops. We conducted a two-choice, parametric-type study to determine the effects of capsicum-oleoresin/soil mixtures (0.00, 0.75, 1.50, and 2.25%) upon soil-contact, soil-digging, and pelage-grooming behaviors in northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides). In 3 alternate-day (1-h/day) exposures to ≥1.50% capsicum-oleoresin soil mixtures, gophers decreased mean soil contact time by 46% relative to placebo-exposed animals. Grooming time yielded a concentration x trial interaction that showed intense grooming by capsicum-exposed animals during trial 1, with "convergence" of times to near those of the "placebos" (0.00% capsicum oleoresin) by trial 3. The significant decrease in grooming activity …

Impact Of Snowfall On The Utah Preventive Aerial Hunting Program, Kimberly K . Wagner, Michael R. Conover

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Aerial hunting is one of the tools used by wildlife managers to reduce predation by coyotes (Canis latrans) on livestock and wildlife (Guthery and Beasom 1977, Sterner and Schumake 1978, Stout 1982. Smith et al. 1986). In research conducted by Wagner and Conover (1999), areas with preventive aerial hunting had fewer confirmed and estimated lamb losses to coyote predation and required significantly fewer hours of additional corrective predation management than areas without aerial hunting. Aerial hunting is perceived to be especially valuable for large areas and areas with rough terrain and limited access (United States Department of the …

Effective Of Preventive Coyote Hunting On Sheep Losses To Coyote Predation, Kimberly Wagner, Michael Conover

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Aerial hunting is commonly used by agriculture agencies in the Intermountain West to reduce coyote (Canis latrans) predation on domestic sheep. We assessed the effect of aerial hunting of coyotes on sheep losses to coyotes, and the need for corrective predation management (hours of work, device nights) on the same pastures when sheep arrived for the subsequent summer grazing season (3-6 months after aerial hunting). Comparisons were made between paired pastures with (treated) and without (untreated) winter aerial hunting from helicopters. Average (x ± SE) pasture size was 45.2 ± 14.1 km² (n = 21) for treated …

Nightly And Seasonal Movements Of Boiga Irregularis On Guam, Mark Tobin, Robert Sugihara, Patricia Pochop, Michael Linnell

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis, BTS), inadvertently introduced to the island of Guam shortly after World War II, have had catastrophic effects on the native fauna of this U.S. territory. We used radio-telemetry to monitor daytime refugia and nightly movements of 60 BTS (30 during each of two seasonal periods) to determine the extent of nightly, weekly, and monthly movements. Eighty-three percent of subadult daytime sightings were in trees, compared to only 49% of adult daytime sightings. Most measures of movement did not vary with seasonal period, sex, or age class. BTS moved an average of 64 m …

Repellents To Reduce Cable Gnawing By Northern Pocket Gophers, Stephen A. Shumake, Ray T. Sterner, Stanley E. Gaddis

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

There is a continuing need to develop improved repellent formulations to protect buried cable installations from damage by problem wildlife. We evaluated 2.0% mass/mass levels of capsaicin and denatonium benzoate in a polybutene carrier material (Indopol®) and an aboveground, rodent-deer plastic mesh barrier (Vexar®) for reducing gnawing by northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) on communications cable (RG-8U). When treatments were applied as surface coatings, neither capsaicin nor denatonium samples were lower (P > 0.05) in measnres of cable damage compared to control (Indopol® alone) or samples treated with Vexar® plastic mesh. When the test was repeated with a new …

Intelligent Support Of Gait Analysis, Kathy A. Johnson, Sheldon R. Simon, Philip J. Smith, Jack W. Smith

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Predicting The Risk Of Obesity Using A Bayesian Network, Christopher C. Bunn, Min Du, Keyi Niu, Todd R. Johnson, Walker S. Poston, John P. Foreyt

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

In-Situ Measurement Of Denitrification In The Elk Valley Aquifer, Allen Schlag

Theses and Dissertations

Groundwater serves more than half of North Dakota's population as a drinking water source. Nitrate (NO₃¯) is a common groundwater contaminant associated with fertilizers, septic systems and livestock waste in shallow unconfined aquifers. As a suspected carcinogen and cause of potentially lethal methemoglobinemia in infants, the natural attenuation of NO₃¯ by denitrification can be an important process in keeping groundwater as a reliable source of clean drinking water for North Dakota. Organic carbon is often considered the most important electron donor for the chemical reduction of NO₃¯ into harmless nitrogen gas. However, several studies have shown that inorganic electron donors …

The Use Of Bauxite Residue As A Soil Amendment In The Peel -Harvey Coastal Plain Catchment - Environmental Monitoring Report August 1999, Mark Rivers

Natural resources published reports

The Peel-Harvey Coastal Plain Catchment is located immediately south of Perth in Western Australia and covers approximately 190,000 ha. It extends from Forrestdale in the north to Harvey in the south, and west from the Darling Scarp to Mandurah on the coast. The boundary of the catchment, as illustrated in Figure 1, represents the area which has been approved by the DEP for the broadscale application of Alkaloam as a soil amendment. (This figure also indicates features and regions of importance in this project).

The region experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters with most …

An Adaptive Hierarchical Fuzzy Logic System For Modelling And Prediction Of Financial Systems, Mark Kingham

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

In this thesis, an intelligent fuzzy logic system using genetic algorithms for the prediction and modelling of interest rates is developed. The proposed system uses a Hierarchical Fuzzy Logic system in which a genetic algorithm is used as a training method for learning the fuzzy rules knowledge bases. A fuzzy logic system is developed to model and predict three month quarterly interest rate fluctuations. The system is further trained to model and predict interest rates for six month and one year periods. The proposed system is developed with first two, three, then four and finally five hierarchical knowledge bases to …

Development Of A Model For Smart Card Based Access Control In Multi-User, Multi-Resource, Multi-Level Access Systems, David Shaw

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The primary focus of this research is an examination of the issues involved in the granting of access in an environment characterised by multiple users, multiple resources and multiple levels of access permission. Increasing levels of complexity in automotive systems provides opportunities for improving the integration and efficiency of the services provided to the operator. The vehicle lease / hire environment provided a basis for evaluating conditional access to distributed, mobile assets where the principal medium for operating in this environment is the Smart Card. The application of Smart Cards to existing vehicle management systems requires control of access to …

Zeus Results On The Measurement And Phenomenology Of F2 At Low Cursive Greek Chi And Low Q2, J. Breitweg, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, G. Abbiendi, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti

Faculty Publications

Measurements of the proton structure function F2 for 0.6 < Q2 < 17 GeV2 and 1.2 × 10-5 < cursive Greek chi < 1.9 × 10 -3 from ZEUS 1995 shifted vertex data are presented. From ZEUS F2 data the slopes dF2/d ln Q2 at fixed cursive Greek chi and din F2/d ln(1/cursive Greek chi) for cursive Greek chi < 0.01 at fixed Q2 are derived. For the latter, E665 data are also used. The transition region in Q2 is explored using the simplest non-perturbative models and NLO QCD. The data at very low Q2 ≤ 0.65 GeV2 are described successfully by a combination of generalised vector meson dominance and Regge theory. From a NLO QCD fit to ZEUS data the gluon density in the proton is extracted in the range 3 × 10-5 < cursive Greek chi < 0.7. Data from NMC and BCDMS constrain the fit at large cursive Greek chi. Assuming the NLO QCD description to be valid down to Q2 ∼ 1 GeV2, it is found that the qq̄ sea distribution is still rising at small cursive Greek chi and the lowest Q2 values whereas the gluon distribution is strongly suppressed.

Measurement Of High-Q2 Neutral-Current E+P Deep Inelastic Scattering Cross-Sections At Hera, J. Breitweg, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, G. Abbiendi, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

The e+p neutral-current deep inelastic scattering differential cross-sections dσ/dQ2, for Q2 > 400 GeV2, dσ/dx and dσ/dy, for Q2 > 400, 2500 and 10000 GeV2, have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The data sample of 47.7 pb-1 was collected at a center-of-mass energy of 300 GeV. The cross-section, dσ/dQ2, falls by six orders of magnitude between Q2 = 400 and 40000 GeV2. The predictions of the Standard Model are in very good agreement with the data. Complementing the observations of time-like Z° contributions to fermion-antifermion annihilation, the data provide direct evidence for the presence of Z° exchange in the …

Measurement Of Multiplicity And Momentum Spectra In The Current And Target Regions Of The Breit Frame In Deep Inelastic Scattering At Hera, J. Breitweg, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, G. Abbiendi, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti, G. Levi

Faculty Publications

Charged particle production in neutral current deep inelastic scattering (DIS) has been studied using the ZEUS detector. The evolution of the mean multiplicities, scaled momenta and transverse momenta in Q2 and cursive Greek chi for 10 < Q2 < 5120 GeV2 and cursive Greek chi > 6 × 10-4 has been investigated in the current and target fragmentation regions of the Breit frame. Distributions in the target region, using HERA data for the first time, are compared to distributions in the current region. Predictions based on MLLA and LPHD are inconsistent with the data.

User-Responsivity And Environment-Sensitivity Consideration For State-Funded Housing In Alain City, Nassra Saif Al Daheri

Theses

Massive housing projects have shown that prospective users are rarely given the opportunity to participate in the design decisions. Subsequently, such schemes commonly fail to accommodate all their needs. In the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, the housing projects that aim at resettling of Bedouin into newly developed urban communities are state-funded. Many of these houses that were built in the late seventies and early eighties were transferred back to the state (in a very bad condition due to the users random modifications and additions) in exchange of newer better houses. The lack of an adaptive design concept that can accommodate …

Optimisation Studies In A Batch Pharmaceutical Company, Sarah Fitzgerald

Theses

This thesis outlines a collaborative project between industry and academia based on a short term research contract.

In the past in Eli Lilly, process optimisation in a multi-purpose, modular building had been mainly confined to equipment commissioning and new product development. It was necessary to embark upon an exercise to develop an optimisation programme m order to meet the increased requirements and demands of the building. Increased market demands, through the introduction of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and the demand for cycle time reduction through the expiry of existing patents, made the need for optimisation inevitable.

The purpose of this thesis …