Digital Commons Network^™

Contextual Approach To Improve Problem Solving Skills In Ipas Subject At Elementary School: A Study Development Of Teaching Materials, Nur Hidayah, Sumarno Sumarno, Joko Siswanto

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

The objective of this study is to assess the validity, practicality, and efficacy of instructional materials. We refer to this research as research and development, with a focus on the creation of teaching materials. The research design proposed by Borg and Gall consists of six steps: identification of potential and difficulties, data collecting, product design, design validation, design revision, and product trial. The utilized instruments comprise expert and practitioner validity sheets, teacher and student response surveys, and validation sheets for teaching materials and modules, as well as pretest and posttest questions. Experts performed the validity assessment, attaining a score of …

Differentiated Teaching Module Using Problem Solving Model: Numerical Ability Of Elementary School Students, Risa Alifatin, Agus Sutono, Ida Dwijayanti

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This study aims to develop a differentiated teaching module using the problem-solving model that is valid, practical, and effective to improve students' numerical abilities. This study uses the ADDIE Model research and development approach. The sample in this study was class III of elementary school Tenggulangharjo as an experimental class totaling 22 students and class III of elementary school Karangtengah as a control class totaling 19 students. Data analysis used the t-test and N-Gain test. The study found that (1) the average validity score of the three parts of the Differentiated Teaching Module was 3.74, which is 93.62%, placing it …

Regularity, Uniqueness And The Relative Size Of Small And Large Scales In Sqg Flows, Z. Akridge, Z. Bradshaw

Mathematical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The problems of regularity and uniqueness are open for the supercritically dissipative surface quasi-geostrophic equations in certain classes. In this note we examine the extent to which small or large scales are necessarily active both for the temperature in a hypothetical blow-up scenario and for the error in hypothetical non-uniqueness scenarios, the latter understood within the class of Marchand's solutions. This extends prior work for the 3D Navier-Stokes equations. The extension is complicated by the fact that mild solution techniques are unavailable for supercritical SQG. This forces us to develop a new approach using energy methods and Littlewood-Paley theory.

The Future Of Foreign Language Learning In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence: A Critical Analysis Of Trends, Challenges, And Opportunities, Ahmad Aljanadbah, Rashid Hamad Al Marri, Hamad Mubarak Almarri

All Works

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in foreign language education is transforming how languages are taught and learned. This study investigates the current trends, advantages, and challenges of AI applications in language acquisition. Employing a qualitative content analysis method, the research analyzes scholarly publications and practical innovations in AI-based tools, such as adaptive learning systems, intelligent chatbots, and automated writing feedback. The findings highlight AI's potential to enhance personalized instruction, boost learner engagement, and expand access to authentic language materials. Nonetheless, the study also reveals notable limitations, including concerns about data privacy, diminished human interaction, and ethical risks related to …

Advancements In Refreshable Braille Display Technology: A Comprehensive Survey, Maryam Etezad, Rajeev Joshi, Franceli L. Cibrian

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

This paper provides a comprehensive mapping literature review of the advancements in refreshable Braille display (RBD) technology, which employs dynamically movable pins or dots to render Braille characters for individuals with blindness and visual impairment. This literature review, which includes 96 papers, aims to summarize the current evidence on six distinct types of RBDs: piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electroactive polymer (EAP), pneumatic, shape memory alloy (SMA), and microfluidic technologies. For each type, we discuss the underlying mechanisms, alongside the current trends and research opportunities. This comparative analysis aims to inform the selection of appropriate RBD technology based on specific user needs and …

Redox-Active Monolayers On Ito Prepared By Post-Amidation And Direct Esterification And Their Spectroelectrochemical Characterization, Takamasa Sagara, Sae Nakai, Ryusuke Yofu, Shota Kojin

Journal of Electrochemistry

A redox-active monolayer on an optically transparent electrode constitutes a typical platform for spectroelectrochemical sensing. The necessity for its sophistication arises from the availability of multi-dimensional sensing signals. Simultaneous monitoring of the redox current and color change synchronized with the oxidation state change significantly enhances sensitivity and selectivity. This study aimed to elucidate the modification of an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode with a viologen monolayer with an ordered orientation. Novel methods were developed to immobilize a viologen molecule bearing a carboxyl group to form assembled monolayers through a condensation reaction using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide with N-hydroxy-succinimide (EDC/NHS). In the two methods …

Deciphering A Quantitative Relationship Between Rifting And Crustal Melt Fraction: Insights From The Incipient Okavango Rift Zone, Tuo Wang, Ling Chen, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Rifting and magmatism are fundamental geological processes in the evolution of the lithosphere; however, quantitative investigations of their relationship are rare. The Okavango Rift Zone (ORZ) is in the early stages of rifting and magmatic activity and thus is an ideal locale to study this relationship. We examine the relationship using two primary crustal structure parameters: crustal thickness and average Vp/Vs ratio obtained from receiver functions. Our large Vp/Vs estimates indicate the existence of melts within the crust of the ORZ. Comparing our results with those of other continental rifts, we identify a quantitative relationship between rifting and crustal melt …

A Promising Statistical Approach For Studying The Collisional Excitation Induced By Co: Application To The Cs-Co System, Amélie Godard Palluet, Richard Dawes, Ernesto Quintas-Sánchez, Adrian Batista-Planas, François Lique

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The calculations of rate coefficients for the interpretation of molecular spectra are a recognized computationally expensive task. This is particularly true for media like comets, where the dominant species (CO, CO₂, and H₂O) have relatively high masses. Currently, no clear methodology exists to treat the collisional excitation of heavy species at low temperatures, thus limiting the number of collisional studies on such species. We present here a promising statistical approach to determine collisional rate coefficients of heavy systems as an alternative to fully quantum calculations when heavy projectiles such as CO are considered. This is illustrated …

Poly(Pyridinium Salt)S Containing 9,9-Bis(4- Aminophenyl)Fluorene Moieties With Various Organic Counterions Exhibiting Both Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline And Light-Emitting Properties, Pradip K. Bhowmik, David King, Haesook Han, Andras F. Wacha, Matti Knaapila

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Main-chain conjugated and non-conjugated polyelectrolytes are an important class of materials that have many technological applications ranging from fire-retardant materials to carbon-nanotube composites, nonlinear optical materials, electrochromic materials for smart windows, and optical sensors for biomolecules. Here, we describe a series of poly(pyridinium salt)s-fluorene containing 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene moieties with various organic counterions that were synthesized using ring-transmutation polymerization and metathesis reactions, which are non-conjugated polyelectrolytes. Their chemical structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton (1H) and fluorine 19 (19F) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers, and elemental analysis. They exhibited polyelectrolytic behavior in dimethyl sulfoxide. Their lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases were …

Grades Are Bugs, Jordan Freitas

Computer Science Faculty Works

This paper argues that grades are bugs in our educational system, undermining desired behaviors and outcomes. Grades were introduced into higher education for purposes directly at odds with the goals of inclusive pedagogy today, as well as the neuroscience of human motivation and learning. Students enter computer science programs from increasingly varied backgrounds and experiences, and face a rapidly evolving landscape of prospective career paths while higher education costs in the United States are ever increasing. Computer science educators have a responsibility to adapt and carefully re-examine typical approaches to all aspects of the learning environments we build and curricula …

Directivity And Sound Radiation Of Percussion Instruments And Harmonic Analysis Of The Alto Saxophone, Hanna Michelle Pavill

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigates how musical instruments radiate sound, with a focus on directional behavior under realistic performance conditions. High-resolution measurements using a rotating microphone array were used to study percussion and woodwind instruments, providing new insight into how design, excitation, and frequency content shape acoustic output. The first set of experiments analyzed the directivity of the bass drum, triangle, and open snare. Each instrument exhibited unique radiation patterns reflecting its structure and playing method. The bass drum showed dipole-like behavior at low frequencies, transitioning to omnidirectional spreading at mid frequencies, and increasingly irregular patterns at higher frequencies. The triangle, due …

An Exploratory Analysis Of Automated Deception Detection For Mental Health Applications, Sayde Leya King

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Deception in mental health settings can undermine therapeutic relationships, compromise treatment efficacy, and impact patient outcomes. Yet, research shows that mental health clinicians often perform no better than chance at detecting deceptive behavior in therapy. Automated deception detection, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and multimodal behavioral cues—such as eye gaze, body gestures, and facial expressions—offers a promising alternative. However, most existing research focuses on high-stakes legal contexts, limiting its applicability to mental health settings.

This dissertation addresses this gap by pursuing three key research objectives using a mixed-methods approach. First, we investigate mental health clinicians’ perspectives on AI-assisted deception detection through …

Advances In Research On Noble Gas As Tracers Of Geofluids And Helium Enrichment, Gao Yu, Liu Quanyou, Zhu Dongya, Wu Xiaoqi, Li Pengpeng

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Noble gases emerge as significant tools for tracing the sources and evolutionary processes of geofluids due to their chemical inertness and different isotopic compositions across varying reservoirs. Helium serves as a noble gas tracer and a scarce resource, and its enrichment mechanisms and exploration potential have attracted wide attention.Methods Based on a summary of the geochemical data of typical gas reservoirs, volcanic gases, and surface hot springs at home and abroad, this study analyzed the interfering factors and end-member value screening in the source apportionment of noble gases. Furthermore, it summarized the applications of noble gas isotopes in …

Mechanisms Underlying Differential Helium Enrichment In Shale Gas Of Varying Structural Styles In The Southeastern Sichuan Basin, Xin Zhiyuan, Chen Jianfa, Wang Jie, Ma Yong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Shale gas reservoirs hold considerable helium reserves despite relatively low helium abundance, establishing them as a critical replacement for helium production growth. The southeastern Sichuan Basin exhibits diverse structural styles with varying preservation conditions, leading to an unclear understanding of the distribution characteristics and enrichment patterns of helium in shale gas. Determining the mechanisms behind the differential helium enrichment in shale gas is significant for the effective utilization of helium in shale gas.Methods Focusing on the typical shale gas reservoirs of different structural styles in the southeastern Sichuan Basin, this study explored the mechanisms underlying differential helium accumulation …

Physical Simulation Experiments On Competitive Dissolution Of Helium In Helium-Containing To Helium-Rich Gas Reservoirs, Zou Yi, Luo Qingyong, Chen Jianfa, Zou Huayao, Du Tao, Liu Xiaoqiang, Cai Xinyong, Yu Chengming, Fang Zilong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background and Purpose Helium is widely applied in high-tech and scientific research fields due to its unique physicochemical properties. Formation water plays a key role in helium migration and enrichment. Typically, in the form of dissolved gas, helium is transported in pores or fractures by formation water. When helium-rich fluids migrate to shallow natural gas reservoirs, helium will experience dissolution and desorption exchange with other gases. This process is affected by formation temperature, pressure, and water salinity, as well as the competitive dissolution between helium and other gases. However, there is a lack of studies on the mechanisms underlying the …

Resource Potential And Extraction Technique Design For Helium In Coal Measures, Wang Lei, Tang Maoyin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Back ground Helium is an important strategic scarce resource. Presently, helium used in industry originates primarily from natural gas. In contrast, helium in coal measures, generally emerging as coalbed methane (CBM) with a high helium content, serves as a vital supplement to conventional helium resources. In industry, helium extraction from boil off gas (BOG) during natural gas liquefaction is recognized as an important way to obtain helium resources. However, existing studies on helium in coal measures mostly focus on the genesis, enrichment patterns, and geochemical characteristics of helium, while there is a lack of studies on its resource characteristics and …

Effectiveness Assessment And Spatial Distribution Characteristics Of Helium Source Rocks In The Shixi Block Along The Eastern Margin Of The Ordos Basin, Chang Yangmei, Liu Chao, Sun Beilei

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Helium gas serves as a significant rare strategic resource. In China, helium resources are relatively scarce and dependent heavily on imports. Therefore, there is a pressing need for the exploration and exploitation of helium resources. Helium source rocks provide a material basis for the formation of helium resources. The Zijinshan pluton serves as a principal source of coal-measure helium along the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin. Previous studies reveal that helium in natural gas within the Shixi Block originates primarily from the decay of radioactive elements in the deep part of the Jianjiagou-Zijinshan plutons. However, there is a …

Removal Of Heavy Metal Iron(Ii) Ions From Wastewater Using An Ultrasonic System With Climbazole-Alcohol, Melek Gökmen Karakaya, Bahdi̇şen Gezer, Abdullah Menzek, Özlem Gündoğdu Aytaç

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Climbazole (CBZ) is an antifungal active pharmaceutical ingredient often used in antidandruff products. In this study, the ketone group in the racemic CBZ molecule was reduced to synthesize CBZ-alcohol, named 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol, and the optimum adsorption conditions were investigated for removing iron(II) (Fe2+) ions from wastewater by adsorption from aqueous solutions using the economical and environmentally friendly ultrasonic method. The parameters and levels used in the study were designed using response surface methodology and model equations were derived to optimize the results. The independent variables selected were the initial pH (1, 3, and 5), adsorption time (30, 45, and 60 min), …

Removal Of Ddt, Ddd, And Dde From Washing Extracts Of Contaminated Soil Using Polyaniline/Bagasse Composite Material, Hop Quang Nguyen, Bach Xuan Nguyen, Thien Quang Tran, Anh Van Nguyen

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Polyaniline (PANi) was hybridized with a bagasse (BG) substrate to treat Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane compounds, which are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) causing environmental contamination. The PANi/bagasse (PA/BG) composite was synthesized using ammonium persulfate and sulfuric acid, achieving efficiencies ranging from 82.63% to 86.92% with different ratios of PANi monomer to BG. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the synthesized materials. The adsorption capacities of DDT, DDD, and DDE compounds were investigated under various conditions, including adsorbent type, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, and adsorbate concentration. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were …

Determination Of P53 Biomarker With A Smart Electrochemical Biosensor Based On Brush Polymer-Functionalized Disposable Electrode, Muhammet Aydin

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A label-less impedimetric biosensor modified with poly(thiophene)-graft-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) polymer (PThi-g-PGM) was manufactured for p53 protein quantification in human serum samples. In this study, PThi-g-PGM polymer was synthesized, and this polymer matrix was coated using the spin-coating technique on the single-use indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate for anti-p53 antibody immobilization. The anti-p53 antibodies with high affinity for p53 proteins were covalently attached onto the PThi-g-PGM-coated electrode surface. In addition, the affinity of anti-p53 for the p53 protein was monitored at a constant frequency. Under optimized conditions, the impedimetric changes were linearly related to the p53 concentrations, ranging from 0.05 to 15 …

Advancing Political Science With Machine Learning: A Gaussian Process Approach, Yehu Chen

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

The proliferation of data in recent decades including including survey, image and text data, has significantly transformed the landscape of political science research. Machine learning methods have played an instrumental role in analyzing these datasets, yet their application poses challenges in areas where political concepts are not directly measurable or the primary focus of inference is causality. In addition, the essence of machine learning algorithms being trained for prediction performance in a black-boxed manner, makes their outputs hardly interpretable and even unappreciated. This dissertation addresses these issues by proposing a novel methodological framework that employs Gaussian Process (GP) models, a …

A Contextual Analysis Of The Early Work Of Andrzej Trautman And Ivor Robinson On Equations Of Motion And Gravitational Radiation, Donald Salisbury, Daniel Kennefick

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the mid-1950s, Andrzej Trautman published a series of papers connected with his dissertation work written under Leopold Infeld. In these, he drew upon the slow motion approximation developed by Infeld, the general covariance-based strong conservation laws enunciated by Bergmann and Goldberg, the Riemann tensor attributes explored by Goldberg and related geodesic deviation exploited by Pirani, the permissible metric discontinuities identified by Lichnerowicz, O'Brien and Synge, and finally Petrov's classification of vacuum spacetimes. With several significant additions he produced a comprehensive overview of the state of research in equations of motion and gravitational waves that was presented in a widely …

Comparative Study On Differences In Asphalt Pavement Design Between China And Southern Africa, Wang Qing, Lin Yangyang, Yan Hongxiang, Zhao Bin, Xia Moxuan, Li Ning, Si Wei

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To facilitate the successful implementation of projects in the Southern Africa region and promote the application and internationalization of China ’s standards,this study compared the asphalt pavement design systems,construction materials,design parameters,and structural design methods of both regions based on the main asphalt pavement design specifications currently in use in China and Southern Africa.The results show that among Southern African countries,South Africa has a comprehensive and widely applied standard system,while other Southern African countries adopt more varied and less theoretical standards.In contrast,China ’s standard system is complete and highly practical.Due to differences in regional climates,the selection principles and mechanical requirements for …

Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy And Perinatal Outcomes: Two Prospective Cohort Studies Of Nulliparous Women In India And Tanzania, Andrea B. Pembe, Pratibha Dwarkanath, Amani Kikula, John Michael Raj, Nandita Perumal Phd, Heavenlight A. Paulo, Rajalakshmi M, Christopher P. Duggan, Honorati M. Masanja, Nandini Chopra, Mary M. Sando, Tinku Thomas, Cara A. Yelverton, Alfa Muhihi, Anura V. Kurpad, Wafaie E. Fawzi, Blair J. Wylie, Christopher R. Sudfeld

Faculty Publications

Introduction Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have been linked with increased risk for maternal and offspring complications in high-income settings. However, in resource-limited settings, studies with robust measurement of HDP, including severity and timing, and perinatal outcomes are limited.

Methods We analysed data from two prospective cohorts of nulliparous women in India (n=10 570 pregnancies) and Tanzania (n=10 299 pregnancies) who were enrolled in calcium supplementation trials and had blood pressure and proteinuria assessments throughout pregnancy and at the time of labour and delivery. Generalised estimating equations were used to assess the relationship between HDP severity categories (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia …

Low Surface Brightness Features Of Edge-On Galaxies In Deep Sky Surveys, Kyle R. Adams

Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, we present a comprehensive visual analysis of low surface brightness (LSB) structures in edge-on galaxies using two statistically complete samples: 838 galaxies from the SDSS Stripe 82 region (ES82) and 5,745 galaxies from the Edge-on Galaxies in SDSS (EGIS) catalog, both containing galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts out to 𝑧 ∼ 0.2. Using deep imaging data from the SDSS, SDSS Stripe 82, DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys, and the HSC-SSP, we construct RGB and coadded images for comparison and to improve feature detection. Average limiting photometric depth for each survey in the 𝑟 band for the surveys analyzed in …

Multiscale Modeling Of Drug-Induced Liver Injury From Organ To Lobule, Alon Malka-Markovitz, Stelian Camara Dit Pinto, Mohammed Cherkaoui, Steven M Levine, Sharmila Anandasabapathy, Gagan K Sood, Sadhna Dhingra, Gao Yujia, John M Vierling, Nicolas R Gallo

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Drug-induced liver injury poses significant challenges in drug development and in clinical care. This study builds on prior work developing a Human Liver Virtual Twin by creating a Multiscale Computational Fluid Dynamics framework that integrates patient-specific anatomical data to predict acetaminophen-induced liver injury as a demonstration of its capability. The model bridges vascular, lobular, and cellular scales to simulate dynamic blood flow, drug transport, and injury mechanisms that accurately reflect clinically observed spatial heterogeneity. Results demonstrate accurate blood flow dynamics, predictions of hepatocellular damage, and a scalable framework for studying spatial heterogeneity applicable to other hepatic pathologies. This work establishes …

Yb:Ylf Optical Cryocoolers: Saturation Effects, Pump Management, Robust Thermometry, And Novel Architectures, Jackson Kock

Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

Solid-state optical refrigeration using anti-Stokes fluorescence offers a compact, vibration-free route to cryogenic cooling. This dissertation advances ytterbium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride (Yb:YLF) refrigerators, achieving a world record payload cooling temperature of 124 K by addressing key limitations due to absorption saturation. An expanded theoretical model incorporating saturation effects enables accurate predictions of cooling performance under high pump intensities. To improve pump control, a modeling framework for astigmatic Herriott cells was developed, revealing how beam clipping and intensity impact coupling efficiency. A novel fluorescence-based thermometry method was also established, providing accurate, orientation-independent temperature sensing by overcoming reabsorption and crystal orientation. Finally, …

First Insight On The Genesis Of Iron Oxide-Hydroxide Biospeleothems In Rancho Chico Lava Tube, Mexico, Rafael López-Martínez, Elizabeth Solleiro-Rebolledo, Rocio Alcántara-Hernández, Teresa Pi Puig, Sergey Sedov, Daisy Valera Fernández, M. Nayeli Luis-Vargas, Yasmany Lima Vera, Jesús Solé, Ramon Espinasa-Pereña

International Journal of Speleology

Iron is a common element in lava tube systems, typically observed as thin crusts or inferred from the reddish coloration of secondary mineral deposits. In this study, we describe iron oxide-hydroxide biospeleothems discovered in the Rancho Chico Lava Tube, located within the Xalapa Monogenetic Volcanic Field in Mexico. We adopt an integrative approach combining petrography, soil micromorphology, scanning electron microscopy, mineralogy, and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. DNA sequencing reveals the presence of microorganisms such as Acidithiobacillus, Gallionella, and members of the Leptospirillaceae family, which may be involved in the oxidation of Fe²⁺ within the lava tube. The source …

A Modern Approach To Classifying Medieval Latin Scripts, Robert L. Lane Jr, Rafia Mirza, Robert Slater

SMU Data Science Review

Paleography, the study of historical handwriting, is essential for preserving societal understanding of cultural, social, and legal frameworks from the past. Medieval manuscripts, often exhibiting refined craftsmanship, present unique challenges to modern readers due to differences in handwriting conventions and the absence of standardized punctuation and spaces. These texts hold valuable insights into the evolution of written communication, literacy, and language development. However, interpreting them requires specialized knowledge and technological solutions. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can be leveraged to classify scripts, an important step in Historical Document analysis. These models extract and analyze hierarchical features from images, addressing inconsistencies in …

Context-Switch Attacks: Understanding And Mitigating The Threat To Llm Applications, Sydney Holder, Bivin Sadler

SMU Data Science Review

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming conversational AI, yet their dependence on prompt-supplied context exposes them to context-switch attacks that covertly steer dialogue toward sensitive or malicious ends. A 70 one-sided conversation transcript evaluation set was constructed spanning various fraudulent scenarios. Each transcript embeds adversarial patterns drawn while preserving natural conversational flow. We introduce a hybrid defense that pairs a BERT-based semantic-drift detector (cosine-similarity threshold = 0.70) with a curated keyword and hack-phrase scanner to counter these threats. In aggregate, the system delivered 100 % recall, intercepting every simulated phishing or data-harvesting attempt. The keyword layer achieved perfect precision, generating …