Digital Commons Network^™

Exploring Large Language Models For Trustworthy Use: Insights From Research And Development, Sandeep Kalari, Sahithi Padidela, Vikas Ashok, Ravi Mukkamala

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted in a wide variety of domains, including sensitive domains such as healthcare and finance. However, persistent challenges such as unreliable data sources, privacy breaches, and hallucinated output continue to hinder their usage. We have experimented with several strategies to address these challenges. First, we developed BlockQwen, a blockchain-augmented framework that integrates decentralized trust validation, role-specific access control, and verifiable audit trails into the Qwen 2.5 LLM workflow. Second, we developed PrivAware, a multilayered privacy-enforcement framework, using a fine-tuned Flan-T5 model with self-attention masking, to safeguard data while maintaining high utility. Both systems …

Measuring Short-Range Correlations And Quasi-Elastic Cross Sections In A(E,E') At X > 1 And Modest Q², Y. P. Zhang, Z. H. Ye, D. Nguyen, P. Aguilera, Z. Ahmed, H. Albataineh, K. Allada, B. Anderson, D. Anez, K. Aniol, J. Annand, J. Arrington, T. Averett, H. Baghdasaryan, X. Bai, A. Beck, S. Beck, V. Bellini, F. Benmokhtar, A. Camsonne, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, K. Chiraptpimol, E. Cisbani, S. Covid Dusa, M. M. Dalton, D. Day, W. Deconinck, M. Defurne, D. Flay, N. Fomin, M. Friend, E. Fuchey, F. Garibaldi, D. Gaskell, S. Gilad, R. Gilman, S. Glamazdin, C. Gu, P. Guèye, C. Hanretty, J. -O Hansen, M. Hashemi Shabestari, D. W. Higinbotham, M. Huang, S. Iqbal, G. Jin, N. Kalantarians, H. Kang, A. Kelleher, I. Korover, J. Lerose, J. Leckey, S. Li, R. Lindgren, E. Long, J. Mammei, P. Markowitz, D. Meekins, R. Michaels, M. Mihovilovič, N. Muangma, C. Munoz Camacho, B. E. Norum, Nuruzzaman, K. Pan, S. Phillips, E. Piasetzky, I. Pomerantz, M. Posik, V. Punjabi, X. Qian, Y. Qiang, X. Qiu, P. E. Reimer, A. Rakhman, S. Riordan, G. Ron, O. Rondon-Aramayo, L. Selvy, A. Shahinyan, R. Shneor, S. Širca, K. Slifer, N. Sparveris, R. Subedi, V. Sulkosky, D. Wang, J. W. Watson, L. B. Weinstein, B. Wojtsekhowski, S. A. Wood, I. Yaron, J. Zhang, Y. W. Zhang, B. Zhao, X. Zheng, P. Zhu, R. Zielinski

Physics Faculty Publications

We present results from the Jefferson Lab E08-014 experiment, investigating short-range correlations (SRC) through measurements of inclusive quasi-elastic scattering from ²H, ³He, ⁴He, ¹²C, ⁴⁰Ca, and ⁴⁸Ca. The kinematics were selected to isolate scattering from SRCs, yielding a plateau in the A/²H cross-section ratios due to the universal two-body structure of the 2N-SRCs in light and heavy nuclei. We observe approximate plateaus in the A/²H ratios and provide the first extractions of the A/²H ratio for ⁴⁰Ca and ⁴⁸Ca. We also examine the A/³He ratio, aiming to identify three-nucleon SRCs (3N-SRCs). Following the approach for isolating 2N-SRCs, searching for 3N-SRC …

Reply To "Comment On "Qcd Factorization With Multihadron Fragmentation Functions"", T. C. Rogers, T. Rainaldi, M. Radici, A. Courtoy

Physics Faculty Publications

We respond to comments [D. Pitonyak, C. Cocuzza, A. Metz, A. Prokudin, and N. Sato, preceding Comment, Phys. Rev. D 113, 038901 (2026)] about our article, [Phys. Rev. D 111, 056001 (2025)]. We stand by our conclusions and defend them against the criticisms.

First Study Of The Nuclear Response To Fast Hadrons Via Angular Correlations Between Pions And Slow Protons In Electron-Nucleus Scattering, The Clas Collaboration, S. J. Paul, M. Arratia, H. Hakobyan, W. Brooks, A. Acar, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, W. R. Armstrong, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, K. -T Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, V. Burkert, T. Cao, D. S. Carman, P. Chatagnon, H. Chinchay, G. Ciullo, P. L. Cole, A. D'Angelo, N. Dashyan, R. De Vita, A. Deur, S. Diehl, C. Djalali, R. Dupre, H. Egiyan, A. El Alaoui, L. Elouadrhiri, P. Eugenio, M. Farooq, S. Fegan, A. Filippi, C. Fogler, G. Gavalian, G. P. Gilfoyle, R. W. Gothe, B. Gualtieri, M. Hattawy, F. Hauenstein, T. B. Hayward, M. Hoballah, M. Holtrop, Yu-Chun Hung, Y. Ilieva, D. G. Ireland, E. L. Isupov, D. Jenkins, H. S. Jo, D. Keller, M. Khandaker, A. Kim, V. Klimenko, I. Korover, A. Kripko, V. Kubarovsky, L. Lanza, S. Lee, P. Lenisa, X. Li, D. Marchand, V. Mascagna, B. Mckinnon, T. Mineeva, V. Mokeev, E. F. Molina Cardenas, C. Munoz Camacho, P. Nadel-Turonski, T. Nagorna, K. Neupane, S. Niccolai, G. Niculescu, M. Osipenko, A. I. Ostrovidov, M. Ouillon, P. Pandey, M. Paolone, G. Niculescu, M. Osipenko, A. I. Ostrovidov, M. Ouillon, P. Pandey, M. Paolone, L. L. Pappalardo, R. Paremuzyan, E. Pasyuk, C. Paudel, W. Phelps, N. Pilleux, S. Polcher Rafael, L. Polizzi, J. W. Price, Y. Prok, A. Radic, T. Reed, J. Richards, M. Ripani, J. Ritman, G. Rosner, S. Schadmand, A. Schmidt, J. Richards, M. Ripani, J. Ritman, G. Rosner, S. Schadmand, A. Schmidt, R. A. Schumacher, Y. Sharabian, S. Shrestha, E. Sidoretti, D. Sokhan, N. Sparveris, M. Spreafico, S. Stepanyan, I. I. Strakovsky, S. Strauch, M. Tenorio, F. Touchte Codjo, R. Tyson, M. Ungaro, P.S. H. Vaishnavi, S. Vallarino, C. Velasquez, L. Venturelli, H. Voskanyan, E. Voutier, Y. Wang, D. P. Watts, U. Weerasinghe, X. Wei, M. H. Wood, L. Xu, Z. Xu, M. Zurek

Physics Faculty Publications

We report on the first measurement of angular correlations between high-energy pions and slow protons in electron-nucleus (eA) scattering, providing a new probe of how a nucleus responds to a fast-moving quark. The experiment employed the CLAS detector with a 5-GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. For heavier nuclei, the pion-proton correlation function is more spread-out in azimuth than for lighter ones, and this effect is more pronounced in the πp channel than in earlier ππ studies. The proton-to-pion yield ratio likewise rises with nuclear mass, although the increase appears to saturate for …

Trigonometric Continuous-Variable Gates And Hybrid Quantum Simulations Of The Sine-Gordon Model, Tommaso Rainaldi, Victor Ale, Matt Grau, Dmitri Kharzeev, Enrique Rico, Felix Ringer, Pubasha Shome, George Siopsis

Physics Faculty Publications

Hybrid qubit-qumode quantum computing platforms provide a natural setting for simulating interacting bosonic quantum field theories. However, existing continuous-variable gate constructions rely predominantly on polynomial functions of canonical quadratures. In this work, we introduce a complementary universality paradigm based on trigonometric continuous-variable gates, which enable a Fourier-like representation of bosonic operators and are particularly well suited for periodic and non-perturbative interactions. We present an ancilla-based framework for implementing trigonometric gates with arguments given by arbitrary Hermitian functions of qumode quadratures. The protocol yields unitary gates deterministically, and non-unitary gates through probabilistic post-selection. As a concrete application, we develop a hybrid …

First Displaced Vertex Search For Electroproduced Dark-Sector Strongly Interacting Massive Particles By The Hps Experiment, P. H. Adrian, N. A. Baltzell, M. Battaglieri, M. Bondí, S. Boyarinov, C. Bravo, S. Bueltmann, P. Butti, V. D. Burkert, D. Calvo, T. Cao, M. Carpinelli, A. Celentano, G. Charles, L. Colaneri, W. Cooper, B. Crowe, C. Cuevas, A. D' Angelo, N. Dashyan, M. De Napoli, R. De Vita, A. Deur, M. Diamond, R. Dupre, H. Egiyan, T. Eichlersmith, L. Elouadrhiri, R. Essig, V. Fadeyev, C. Field, A. Filippi, A. Freyberger, S. Gaiser, M. Garçon, N. Gevorgyan, F. X. Girod, N. Graf, M. Graham, K. A. Griffioen, A. Grillo, M. Guidal, R. Herbst, M. Holtrop, J. Jaros, R. P. Johnson, G. Kalicy, M. Khandaker, V. Kubarovsky, E. Leonora, K. Livingston, L. Marsicano, T. Maruyama, S. Mccarty, J. Mccormick, B. Mckinnon, K. Moffeit, O. Moreno, C. Munoz Camacho, T. Nelson, S. Niccolai, A. Odian, R. O'Dwyer, M. Oriunno, M. Osipenko, R. Paremuzyan, S. Paul, E. Peets, N. Randazzo, B. Raydo, B. Reese, A. Rizzo, P. Schuster, Y. G. Sharabian, G. Simi, A. Simonyan, V. Sipala, A. Spellman, D. Sokhan, M. Solt, S. Stepanyan, H. Szumila-Vance, L. Tompkins, N. Toro, S. Uemura, M. Ungaro, H. Voskanyan, L. B. Weinstein, B. Wojtsekhowski

Physics Faculty Publications

The Heavy Photon Search experiment (HPS) is a fixed-target, electron beam experiment designed to search for 𝑒⁺⁢𝑒⁻ mass resonances and displaced decays using a forward acceptance spectrometer. This paper details the search for naturally long-lived “dark” vector mesons (𝑉_𝐷) arising from a dark sector of beyond-Standard-Model strongly interacting massive particles, characterized by a QCD-like 𝑆⁢𝑈⁢(3)_𝐷 symmetry and coupled to the Standard Model photon via a new 𝑈⁢(1)𝐷 gauge interaction mediated by the “heavy photon,” or 𝐴′. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 10 608  nb⁻¹ collected during the 2016 HPS …

Poincaré Invariance And The Unruh Effect, Alexandre Deur, Stanley J. Brodsky, Craig D. Roberts, Balša Terzić

Physics Faculty Publications

In quantum field theory, the vacuum is popularly considered to be a complex medium populated with virtual particle + antiparticle pairs. To an observer experiencing uniform acceleration, it is generally held that these virtual particles become real, appearing as a gas at a temperature that grows with the acceleration. This is the Unruh effect. However, it has been shown that vacuum complexity is an artifact produced by treating quantum field theory in a manner that does not manifestly enforce causality. Choosing a quantization approach that patently enforces causality, the quantum field theory vacuum is barren, bereft even of virtual particles. …

Real-Time Estimators For Scattering Observables: A Full Account Of Finite-Volume Errors For Quantum Simulation, Ivan M. Burbano, Marco A. Carrillo, Rana Urek, Anthony N. Ciavarella, Raul A. Briceno

Physics Faculty Publications

The real-time correlators of quantum field theories can be directly probed through new approaches to simulation, such as quantum computing and tensor networks. This provides a new framework for computing scattering observables in lattice formulations of strongly interacting theories, such as lattice quantum chromodynamics. In this paper, we prove that the proposal of real-time estimators of scattering observables is universally applicable to all scattering observables of gapped quantum field theories. All finite-volume errors are exponentially suppressed, and the rate of this suppression is controlled by the regulator considered, namely, a displacement of the spectrum of the theory into the complex …

Recent Progresses In Few-Nucleon Structure And Dynamics In Chiral Effective Field Theory, Laura Elisa Marcucci, Alex Gnech, Michele Viviani

Physics Faculty Publications

The most recent progresses made within the framework of chiral effective field theory for few-nucleon structure and low-energy reactions are here presented. In particular, for the A = 2 sector, the study of muon capture on deuteron is reviewed. Then, the results obtained using the Hyperspherical Harmonics ab-initio method for the 4He monopole form factor and the ³He(n^→ ,p)³H parity-conserving asymmetry are described.

Proton Transparency And Neutrino Physics: New Methods And Modeling, Clas Collaboration, S. Dytman, M. Betancourt, N. Steinberg, L. B. Weinstein, A. Ashkenazi, J. Tena-Vidal, A. Papadopoulou, G. Chambers-Wall, J. Smith, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, H. Atac, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, S. Bueltmann, V. D. Burkert, T. Cao, R. Capobianco, D. S. Carman, J. C. Carvajal, P. Chatagnon, V. Chesnokov, H. Chinchay, G. Ciullo, P. L. Cole, M. Contalbrigo, A. D'Angelo, N. Dashyan, R. De Vita, M. Defurne, A. Deur, S. Diehl, C. Djalali, R. Dupre, H. Egiyan, A. El Alaoui, L. El Fassi, L. Elouadrhiri, M. Farooq, S. Fegan, I. P. Fernando, A. Filippi, G. Gavalian, G. P. Gilfoyle, R. W. Gothe, L. Guo, K. Hafidi, H. Hakobyan, M. Hattawy, F. Hauenstein, T. B. Hayward, D. Heddle, A. Hobart, M. Holtrop, Yu-Chun Hung, Y. Ilieva, D. G. Ireland, E. L. Isupov, H. Jiang, H. S. Jo, S. Joosten, M. Khandaker, A. Kim, F. J. Klein, V. Klimenko, A. Kripko, V. Kubarovsky, S. E. Kuhn, L. Lanza, P. Lenisa, D. Marchand, V. Mascagna, D. Matamoros, B. Mckinnon, T. Mineeva, M. Mirazita, V. Mokeev, C. Munoz Camacho, P. Nadel-Turonski, T. Nagorna, K. Neupane, D. Nguyen, S. Niccolai, M. Osipenko, L. L. Pappalardo, R. Paremuzyan, E. Pasyuk, S. J. Paul, W. Phelps, N. Pilleux, S. Polcher Rafael, J. W. Price, Y. Prok, T. Reed, J. Richards, M. Ripani, J. Ritman, A. A. Rusova, S. Schadmand, A. Schmidt, R. A. Schumacher, M. B. C. Scott, Y. G. Sharabian, E. V. Shirokov, S. Shrestha, N. Sparveris, M. Spreafico, S. Stepanyan, I. Stakovsky, S. Strauch, J. A. Tan, M. Tenorio, N. Trotta, R. Tyson, M. Ungaro, D. W. Upton, S. Vallarino, L. Venturelli, T. Vittorini, H. Voskanyan, E. Voutier, Y. Wang, D. P. Watts, U. Weerasinghe, X. Wei, M. H. Wood, L. Xu, N. Zachariou

Physics Faculty Publications

Extracting accurate results from neutrino oscillation and cross section experiments requires accurate simulation of the neutrino-nucleus interaction. The rescattering of outgoing hadrons (final state interactions) by the rest of the nucleus is an important component of these interactions. We present a new measurement of proton transparency (defined as the fraction of outgoing protons that emerge without significant rescattering) using electron-nucleus scattering data recorded by the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory on helium, carbon, and iron targets. This analysis uses a new data-driven method to extract the transparency. It defines transparency as the ratio of electron-scattering events with a detected proton …

Studying Electroweak Few-Body Observables In Chiral Effective Field Theory, Alex Gnech

Physics Faculty Publications

The use of nuclei to study electroweak probes is becoming increasingly relevant experimentally. The success of dark matter and neutrino experiments strongly depends on the ability to control nuclear effects in order to extract the fundamental parameters associated with external probes. Therefore, reliable theoretical calculations of nuclear structure and reactions, with well-controlled errors, are crucial for the success of experimental efforts. Currently, chiral effective field theory (χEFT) coupled with {\it ab-initio} methods represents one of the best approaches that fulfills these requirements. To use this approach as a tool for studying fundamental physics, it is essential to validate it against …

Dispersion Relations And The Light-Hadron Spectrum, Arkaitz Rodas

Physics Faculty Publications

Light hadron spectroscopy sits in the non-perturbative regime of QCD, where flexible fits often compete with firm principles. Over the past two decades, dispersion relations have become a practical, numerical tool to solve these issues, enabling first-principles analyses and delivering robust resonance parameters. With ππ scattering as an example, we briefly summarize the current landscape, highlight dispersive work that has resolved long-standing debates and set precision standards, and include recent examples of dispersive analyses of lattice QCD results.

Next-To-Next-To-Leading Power Corrections To Unpolarized Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering, Ian Balitsky, Alexei Prokudin

Physics Faculty Publications

Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) is a key tool for exploring the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon through Transverse Momentum Dependent parton distributions and fragmentation functions. While leading-power contributions to the SIDIS cross-section are well established, next-to-leading power (NLP) corrections of order 1/Q and next-to-next-to-leading power (NNLP) corrections of order 1/Q²  to the hadronic tensor have only recently begun to be systematically investigated. These corrections are essential for reliable phenomenology and interpretation of modern high-precision data. In recent papers by one of the authors, NNLP corrections to the Drell-Yan process were derived using the rapidity factorization formalism. In the present …

Studying Electroweak Few-Body Observables In Chiral Effective Field Theory, Alex Gnech

Physics Faculty Publications

The use of nuclei to study electroweak probes is becoming increasingly relevant experimentally. The success of dark matter and neutrino experiments strongly depends on the ability to control nuclear effects in order to extract the fundamental parameters associated with external probes. Therefore, reliable theoretical calculations of nuclear structure and reactions, with well-controlled errors, are crucial for the success of experimental efforts. Currently, chiral effective field theory (χ EFT) coupled with {\it ab-initio} methods represents one of the best approaches that fulfills these requirements. To use this approach as a tool for studying fundamental physics, it is essential to validate it …

Optical Nonlinearity Of A Cold Atomic Ensemble Driven By A Strong Coherent Field In A Saturation Regime, A. S. Usoltsev, L. V. Gerasimov, A. D. Manukhova, S. P. Kulik, D. V. Kupriyanov

Physics Faculty Publications

We present a microscopic analysis and evaluation of the dielectric susceptibility of a dielectric medium consisting of vector-type two-energy-level atoms, responding to a weak probe mode, when the atoms are driven by a strong coherent field. Each atom, in an environment of others, exists as a quasiparticle, further structuring the bulk medium. In a limit of dilute atomic gas, the dynamics of each atom follows the Mollow-type nonlinear excitation regime, and the medium susceptibility collectivizes the individual atomic responses to the probe mode. We outline how the collective dynamics can be interpolated up to a dense medium, and we argue …

Real-Space Imaging Of The Electron-Pair Density Hole In Molecular Auger-Meitner Decay, Mats Simmermacher, Nathan Goff, Andres Moreno Carrascosa, Elke Fasshauer, Thomas Northey, Lingyu Ma, Haiwang Yong, Brian Stankus, Asami Odate, Xuan Xu, Wenping Du, Kyle Acheson, Joseph C. Cooper, Daniel Ratner, Mengning Liang, Ruaridh Forbes, Michael P. Minitti, Adam Kirrander, Peter M. Weber

Physics Faculty Publications

Electrons in matter can rearrange extremely quickly under external perturbations, underpinning subsequent structural and chemical transformations. Coulomb interactions between neighbouring electrons often shape this response, giving rise to correlated motion and strongly affecting the distribution of electrons in the system. Here we show that non-resonant hard X-ray scattering can directly access changes in the radial electron-pair density during the rapid rearrangement of core and valence electrons. We do this by studying sulfur hexafluoride molecules undergoing Auger–Meitner decay. We exploit a second-order interaction between the X-ray photons and the molecules to trigger and probe the decay dynamics with a single pulse, …

Longitudinal Spin Transfer To Λ Hyperons In Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering With The Clas12 Spectrometer, M. Mceneaney, A. Vossen, A. Acar, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, V. D. Burkert, T. Cao, R. Capobianco, D. S. Carman, J. C. Carvajal, A. Celentano, P. Chatagnon, V. Chesnokov, H. Chinchay, G. Ciullo, P. L. Cole, M. Contalbrigo, A. D'Angelo, N. Dashyan, R. De Vita, M. Defurne, S. Diehl, C. Dilks, C. Djalali, R. Dupre, H. Egiyan, M. Ehrhart, A. El Alaoui, L. El Fassi, M. Farooq, S. Fegan, R. E. Ferguson, I. P. Fernando, A. Filippi, C. Fogler, K. Gates, G. Gavalian, D. I. Glazier, R. W. Gothe, Y. Gotra, B. Gualtieri, K. Hafidi, H. Hakobyan, M. Hattawy, T. B. Hayward, D. Heddle, A. Hobart, M. Holtrop, Y. Ilieva, D. G. Ireland, H. S. Jo, S. Joosten, T. Kageya, A. Kim, V. Klimenko, A. Kripko, V. Kubarovsky, L. Lanza, S. Lee, P. Lenisa, D. Marchand, V. Mascagna, D. Matamoros, B. Mckinnon, T. Mineeva, M. Mirazita, V. Mokeev, C. Munoz Camacho, P. Nadel-Turonski, T. Nagorna, K. Neupane, S. Niccolai, G. Niculescu, M. Osipenko, M. Ouillon, P. Pandey, M. Paolone, L. L. Pappalardo, R. Paremuzyan, E. Pasyuk, S. J. Paul, W. Phelps, N. Pilleux, S. Polcher Rafael, L. Polizzi, J. Poudel, Y. Prok, A. Radic, T. Reed, J. Richards, M. Ripani, P. Rossi, A. A. Rusova, C. Salgado, S. Schadmand, A. Schmidt, M. B. C. Scott, E. V. Shirokov, S. Shresstha, E. Sidoretti, D. Sokhan, N. Sparveris, M. Spreafico, I. Strakovsky, S. Strauch, J. A. Tan, R. Tyson, M. Ungaro, P. S. H. Vaishnavi, S. Vallarino, C. Velasquez, L. Venturelli, H. Voskanyan, E. Voutier, D. P. Watts, Y. Wang, U. Weerasinghe, X. Wei, N. Wickramaarachchi, M. H. Wood, L. Xu, Z. Xu, N. Zachariou, Z. W. Zhao, V. Ziegler, M. Zurek

Physics Faculty Publications

The polarization of Λ hyperons is preserved in the angular distribution of their decay products. This property allows one to study the spin structure of the Λ. In semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering where a high energy lepton interacts with a nucleon target and one or more hadrons and the scattered lepton are detected in the final state, the probability for a struck quark to impart the polarization of the lepton to the Λ may be measured. In particular, in electron-proton scattering this quantity may be related to the longitudinal light quark polarization of the Λ. Currently, limited experimental data cannot …

Inverse Problem In The Large Momentum Effective Theory Framework, Herve Dutrieux, Joe Karpie, Christopher J. Monahan, Kostas Orginos, Anatoly Radyushkin, David Richards, Savvas Zafeiropoulos

Physics Faculty Publications

One proposal to compute parton distributions from first principles is the large momentum effective theory (LaMET), which requires the Fourier transform of matrix elements computed nonperturbatively. Lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) provides calculations of these matrix elements over a finite range of Fourier harmonics that are often noisy or unreliable in the largest computed harmonics. It has been suggested that enforcing an exponential decay of the missing harmonics helps alleviate this issue. Using nonperturbative data, we show that the uncertainty introduced by this inverse problem in a realistic setup remains significant without very restrictive assumptions, and that the importance of the …

Geometry Of Almost-Conserved Quantities In Symplectic Maps: Approximate Invariants In Nonlinear Accelerator Systems, T. Zolkin, S. Nagaitsev, I. Morozov, S. Kladov

Physics Faculty Publications

We present a perturbative method for constructing approximate invariants of motion directly from the equations of discrete-time symplectic systems. This framework offers a natural nonlinear extension of the classic Courant-Snyder (CS) theory for systems with 1 degree of freedom—a foundational cornerstone in accelerator physics now spanning seven decades and historically focused on linear phenomena. The original CS formalism emerged under conditions where nonlinearities were weak, design goals favored linear motion, and analytical tools—such as the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theory—had not yet been fully developed. While various normal-form methods have been proposed to treat near-integrable dynamics, the approach introduced here stands out for …

Exploring Causes Of Beam Loss At Cebaf, C. Matthews, J. Benesch, R. M. Bodenstein, B. Freeman, D. Moser, D. Turner, K. Price, J. Samari, B. Terzić

Physics Faculty Publications

At Jefferson Lab, the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator (CEBAF) features a unique design with two linear accelerators and two arc sections allowing for multiple turns of the electron beam, as well as four experimental end stations. This topology leads to increased beam losses, especially in the spreader and recombiner regions connecting the arcs to the LINACs and in the extraction regions connecting the experimental end stations to the accelerator. These losses result in equipment activation and operational interruptions. Recent upgrades to the facility’s diagnostic systems, including the addition of xenon ion chambers, have provided higher-resolution data regarding these loss events. …

Interpolation Between Sudakov And Bfkl Rapidity Evolutions For Tmd Factorization At Small X, Ian Balitsky

Physics Faculty Publications

Within the framework of rapidity-only small-x TMD factorization, the evolution with respect to the rapidity cutoff is initially governed by Sudakov double logarithms and subsequently by BFKL/BK single logarithms. The evolution equation proposed in this paper correctly reproduces both the Sudakov and BFKL limits, while providing a consistent interpolation between these two regimes.

Comparative Evaluation Of Data Augmentation Strategies For Rare-Class Intrusion Detection: Assessing Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks Across Benchmark Datasets And Classifiers, Brogan Oconnor

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are widely used to identify malicious network activity, unauthorized access, and anomalous system behavior. Although machine learning and deep learning classifiers often achieve strong aggregate performance on IDS benchmark datasets, rare attack detection remains difficult because of severe class imbalance. Minority attack categories may contain very few training observations, which can bias classifiers toward normal traffic and more frequent attack classes. This problem is especially important because rare attacks may represent high-impact security events even when they occur infrequently. This quantitative experimental study evaluated whether conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) augmentation improved rare attack detection in …

Small Language Model Jailbreak Defender Framework, Eduardo Alberto Castro Puello

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

Small Language Models (SLMs) are increasingly deployed in enterprise, edge, and domain‑specialized applications due to their lower computational cost and latency compared to Large Language Models (LLMs). However, SLMs typically exhibit weaker safety alignment and are disproportionately vulnerable to jailbreak, prompt‑injection, and fine‑tuning attacks that can erode refusal behavior and enable unsafe outputs. Existing defensive techniques such as rule‑based filtering or heavy safety fine‑tuning often degrade task performance or introduce excessive over‑refusal, limiting the safe adoption of SLMs in regulated or security‑sensitive environments. This dissertation proposes the design and empirical evaluation of a modular security alignment framework for fine‑tuned SLMs …

Long-Term Low-Do Operation Changes The Ammonia Oxidizer Community And Oxygen Kinetics, Kester Mccullough, Lilian Mcintosh, Alexandria Gagnon, William Dawson, Hailey Bradshaw, Stephanie Klaus, Dev Hiripitiyage, Belinda Sturm, Diego Rosso, Charles B. Bott, Peter A. Vanrolleghem

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Low–dissolved oxygen (DO) biological nutrient removal is an attractive option for energy and cost reduction, but it is not common practice as critical outcomes remain uncertain. Open questions include whether ammonia-oxidizer oxygen kinetics are fixed or can adapt to operating conditions; whether low DO increases simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND); whether good settling can be maintained; and whether N₂O emissions rise or fall at low DO. In this study, a continuously fed pilot anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process was run with 6.5- to 8.5-day solids retention time (SRT), stable temperature, and constant influent flow, and the operating DO was decreased from 2.0 …

A Hybrid Response Surface Methodology And Machine Learning Framework For Quantifying Effects Of Physicochemical Parameters On Pfas Distribution, Harsh V. Patel, Jazmin Green, Hyoshin Park, Stephanie Luster-Teasley Pass, Renzun Zhao

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

Predicting PFAS adsorption across diverse adsorbents and environmental matrices remains challenging because adsorbent physicochemical properties, PFAS molecular descriptors, and operational conditions simultaneously influence adsorption. This study develops and evaluates a unified hybrid modeling framework that integrates Response Surface Model (RSM) with machine-learning algorithms to quantify how six key variables, surface area, Log K_ow, pH_pzc, pK_a, log dose, and log-initial concentration, affect PFAS distribution coefficients (Log K_d). A data set of more than 1000 adsorption observations spanning 15 PFAS compounds, multiple adsorbent types, and a broad operational range was compiled and preprocessed using …

The Lawyer Of The Future: Ethics And Identity In The Age Of Ai, David Yosifon, Michael Santoro, Isaac Nikssarian

American University Law Review

The dawn of artificial intelligence (AI) poses a fundamental challenge to the legal profession’s practical function and social identity. We argue that this challenge should be met as an opportunity to reclaim the profession’s core ethical intentions. We approach the emergence of AI as an occasion to define and safeguard what is irreducibly human in legal work. We ground our approach in the ethical imperatives set out in the American Bar Association’s Model Rules of Professional Conduct, while extending them into an invigorated framework for the AI era.

We survey the uses and ethical challenges associated with cutting-edge deployment of …

2024 Annual Operations And Maintenance Report 2024 Bres Annual Summary Report For Work Completed In Quadrant 4, Butte-Silver Bow Department Of Reclamation And Environmental Services

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Ai-Driven Penetration Testing For Arm Systems: A Comprehensive Framework With Experimental Validation, Matthew Ragsdale

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The convergence of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity presents new opportunities for automated penetration testing capable of discovering, prioritizing, and remediating vulnerabilities at machine speed. However, deployment on resource-constrained ARM platforms remains unexplored despite ARM’s dominance in mobile, IoT, and edge computing with over 280 billion chips deployed globally. This thesis presents systematic experimental evaluation of AI-driven penetration testing across four paradigms—traditional machine learning, deep learning, large language models, and reinforcement learning—on three ARM platform tiers: Raspberry Pi 5 (8GB, Cortex-A76), Radxa ROCK 5B Plus (16GB LPDDR5 with NPU), and NVIDIA Jetson Nano (4GB with Maxwell GPU). The experimental framework generates …

Network-Aware Airline-Specific Flight Delay Prediction Using Tree-Based Ensemble Models, Mary Dufie Afrane

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Flight delays pose persistent challenges to the efficiency and reliability of air transportation systems, affecting airlines, airports, regulators, and passengers alike. As traffic demand grows and operational environments become increasingly interconnected, accurately predicting both departure and arrival delays has become crucial for effective planning and mitigation. This study presents a network-aware, airline-specific framework for predicting flight delays in U.S. domestic air transportation systems using tree-based ensemble machine learning models. A large-scale dataset of 1.98 million flights, enriched with weather information, is used to develop predictive models for both departure and arrival delays. To capture the structural and operational complexity of …

Pixel-To-World Mapping For Multi-Camera Warehouse Robot Localization, Mariam Faruque Sharif

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

This thesis presents a comprehensive framework for camera calibration and pixel-to-world coordinate mapping for multi-camera robot localization in a structured warehouse environment. The study is conducted in the APRN-ROWS laboratory, where four overhead cameras observe a planar grid of known barcode locations used as the reference coordinate system.

The proposed approach combines geometric modeling and optimization-based techniques to estimate camera parameters. Initially, camera extrinsic parameters, including position and orientation, are derived using physical measurements and geometric relationships. Principal point locations are estimated through a zoom-based alignment method, ensuring accurate correspondence between the optical axis and the world coordinate system. Intrinsic …