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Rich Information In The Acoustic Signals From Feeding And Grazing In Ruminants, Montague W. Demment, J. R. Galli, Carlos A. Cangiano, Emilio A. Laca

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Because of their impact on productivity and the environment, feeding behaviour, ingestion and rumination are critical to understand intake in grazing ruminants. Many systems, mainly mechanical, have been developed to measure ingestive behaviour. However, these systems have problems, including mechanical failure and the inability to distinguish between the complex jaw movements of prehension and ingestion (Laca et al., 1994). The sounds generated by these behaviours are rich in information that holds potential not only to distinguish and count behaviours, but also identify aspects of the nature of the foods ingested.

The Sound Of Chewing, J. R. Galli, Carlos A. Cangiano, Emilio A. Laca, M. W. Demment

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Acoustic biotelemetry has been proposed as a way to count ingestive bites and chews of grazing animals. Recent work has indicated the possibility that detailed analysis of 'sounds of chewing' contains information about other characteristics of the ingestive process that can be used to study grazing behaviour of free ranging animals (Laca & Wallis DeVries, 2000), or to monitor stall-fed animals in more detail.

Development Of A 2-Dimensional Video-Acoustic Tool For Monitoring Bite Placement, Wendy Griffiths, V. Alchanatis, R. Nitzan, V. Ostrovsky, E. Ben-Moshe, R. Yonatan, S. Brenner, H. Baram, E. D. Ungar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Studies of grazing behaviour conducted at the spatial scale of a feeding station demonstrate that intake rate declines with increasing depletion, a response attributed to an increase in bite overlap (Ginnett et al., 1999; Ungar et al., 2001). In order to understand the rules that govern bite placement, a methodology is required that can map the sequential placement of bites on the sward surface. We developed a video-acoustic tool to achieve this and report the findings of using the tool on small uniform patches of herbage.

Spatial Heterogeneity Of Seasonal Grazing Pressure Created By Herd Movement Patterns On Hilly Rangelands Using Gps And Gis, A. I. Arnon, E. D. Ungar, T. Svoray, A. Perevolotsky, M. Shachak, H. Baram, R. Yonatan, E. Ben-Moshe, S. Brenner, D. Barkai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The spatial heterogeneity of grazing pressure on extensive rangelands has management implications (Adler et al., 2001) but it has traditionally been difficult to quantify. Combination of technologies based on GPS (Global Positioning System) and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) is a quantum leap in our ability to address this issue. These tools were used to estimate the spatial heterogeneity of grazing pressure at a farm scale, and examine the relation between local landscape features and local grazing pressure.

Chew-Bites, Jaw Movement Allocation And Bite Rate In Grazing Cattle As Identified By Acoustic Monitoring, E. D. Ungar, N. Ravid, T. Zada, E. Ben-Moshe, R. Yonatan, S. Brenner, H. Baram, A. Genizi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Bite rate derives from the time budget of the biting and chewing processes of intake, which are both performed by jaw movements. A new type of jaw movement was revealed by acoustic monitoring in cattle - the "chew-bite" -which chews herbage already in the mouth and harvests fresh herbage with the same jaw movement (Laca et al., 1992). Chew-biting should enable the animal to reduce the total number of jaw movements performed per bite without reducing the number of chews per bite. We examined the variation among individuals in the allocation of jaw movements between the three types, and …

Convergence And Transdisciplinary Teaching In Quantitative Biology, Robert Mayes, Joseph Dauer, David Owens

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

The United States National Science and Technology Council has made a call for improving STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education at the convergence of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The National Science Foundation (NSF) views convergence as the merging of ideas, approaches, and technologies from widely diverse fields of knowledge to stimulate innovation and discovery. Teaching convergency requires moving to the transdisciplinary level of integration where there is deep integration of skills, disciplines, and knowledge to solve a challenging real-world problem. Here we present a summary on convergence and transdisciplinary teaching. We then provide examples of convergence and transdisciplinary …

Unraveling The Neural Basis Of Emotions: Advancing Understanding With Ecologically Valid Paradigms And High-Resolution Intracranial Eeg, Tiankang Xie

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Background

Emotion arises from integrating information about the external world with memories of past experiences, current homeostatic states, and future goals. They play a vital role in regulating our thoughts, feelings and behaviors, significantly impacting our mental health. Thus, it is important to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that give rise to emotions. While there has been considerable work investigating the neural basis of emotions, progress has been hampered by several methodological limitations. For example, prior work has relied on relatively simple and isolated stimuli, which often fail to effectively capture the dynamic and multifaceted nature of emotional experiences in real-life …

Properties Of Redefined Neutrosophic Composite Relation, Sudeep Dey, Gautam Chandra Ray

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The notion of single-valued neutrosophic composite relation was redefined by S.Dey and G.C.Ray in the year 2022. In this article, we investigate some basic properties of the redefined neutrosophic composite relation.

Understanding The Effect Of Ranching On Quercus Brandegeei Recruitment In The Sierra La Laguna Biosphere Reserve, Xavier O. Espinoza

DePaul Discoveries

In this study, we attempt to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for Quercus brandegeei’s observed lack of regeneration by identifying which animal species (wild and domesticated) most frequently were observed eating, passing by, or searching for seeds and seedlings. We established 10 paired plots (10 enclosed and 10 immediately outside enclosures) and positioned one motion-activated camera in each plot to observe animal visitations to Quercus brandegeei individuals over the course of several months (October 2019 – March 2020). No seeds and seedlings survived outside of enclosed areas at the end of the study based on their absence. Very …

An Aptamer-Based Microelectrode With Tunable Linear Range For Monitoring Of K+ In The Living Mouse Brain, Yuan-Dong Liu, Jia-Run Li, Li-Min Zhang, Yang Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

Potassium ion (K⁺) is widely involved in several physiopathological processes, and its abnormal changes are closely related to the occurrence of brain diseases of cerebral ischemia. In vivo acquirement of K⁺ variation is significant to understand the roles of K⁺ playing in brain functions. A microelectrode based on single-stranded DNA aptamers was developed for highly selective detection of K⁺ in brain, in which the aptamer probes were designed to contain an aptamer part for specific recognition of K⁺, an alkynyl group used for stable confinement of aptamer probe on the gold surface, and …

Eutectic Formation And Cutaneous Wound Healing By Binary Allantoin- Octadecenedioic Acid System, Syed Waqar Hussain Shah, Farah Ali, Iram Bibi, Kashif Ali, Neelam Pervaiz, Mariyum Yousaf

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Eutectic formation in allantoin-octadecenedioic acid system (AOM) has been studied. The binary phase diagram revealed the existence of eutectic at X_allantoin = 0.7. Dioic acid caused disruption of network in allantoin and induced defects, ultimately causing the reduction in crystallinity as shown by XRD and SEM analysis. The thermal stability in TGA graphs of allantoin was negligibly altered after mixture formation. Classical hydrogen bonding and alkyl interactions were predicted using software Avogadro and BIOVIA Discovery Studio. The functionalities involved in interactions taking place in the system were studied through in-depth FT-IR spectroscopy. The eutectic showed efficacy for cutaneous wound …

Wildlife Ecological Risk Assessment In The 21st Century: Promising Technologies To Assess Toxicological Effects, Barnett A. Rattner, Thomas G. Bean, Val R. Beasley, Philippe Berny, Karen M. Eisenreich, John E. Elliott, Margaret L. Eng, Phyllis C. Fuchsman, Mason D. King, Rafael Mateo, Carolyn B. Meyer, Jason M. O'Brien, Christopher J. Salice

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Despite advances in toxicity testing and the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for hazard assessment, the ecological risk assessment (ERA) framework for terrestrial wildlife (i.e., air‐breathing amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) has remained unchanged for decades. While survival, growth, and reproductive endpoints derived from whole-animal toxicity tests are central to hazard assessment, nonstandard measures of biological effects at multiple levels of biological organization (e.g., molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem) have the potential to enhance the relevance of prospective and retrospective wildlife ERAs. Other factors (e.g., indirect effects of contaminants on food supplies and infectious disease processes) …

Biological Case Against Downlisting The Whooping Crane And For Improving Implementation Under The Endangered Species Act, Andrew J. Caven, Hillary L. Thompson, David M. Baasch, Barry K. Hartup, Amanda M. Hegg, Stephanie M. Schmidt, Irvin Louque, Craig R. Allen, Carter G. Crouch, Craig A. Davis, Joel G. Jorgensen, Jane E. Austin, Bethany L. Ostrom, Richard D. Beilfuss, George W. Archibald, Anne E. Lacy

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

The Whooping Crane (Grus americana; WHCR) is a large, long-lived bird endemic to North America. The remnant population migrates between Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, USA, and Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada (AWBP), and has recovered from a nadir of 15-16 birds in 1941 to ~540 birds in 2022. Two ongoing reintroduction efforts in Louisiana and the Eastern Flyway together total ~150 birds. Evidence indicates the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is strongly considering downlisting the species from an endangered to a threatened status under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We examined the current status of the WHCR through the …

Stability-Based Generalization Analysis For Mixtures Of Pointwise And Pairwise Learning, Jiahuan Wang, Jun Chen, Hong Chen, Bin Gu, Weifu Li, Xin Tang

Machine Learning Faculty Publications

Recently, some mixture algorithms of pointwise and pairwise learning (PPL) have been formulated by employing the hybrid error metric of “pointwise loss + pairwise loss” and have shown empirical effectiveness on feature selection, ranking and recommendation tasks. However, to the best of our knowledge, the learning theory foundation of PPL has not been touched in the existing works. In this paper, we try to fill this theoretical gap by investigating the generalization properties of PPL. After extending the definitions of algorithmic stability to the PPL setting, we establish the high-probability generalization bounds for uniformly stable PPL algorithms. Moreover, explicit convergence …

Design And Application Of The 3d Model Interfaces Of The Integrated Intelligent Mine Control Platform, Zhang Jing

Coal Geology & Exploration

The production safety control platform for mines is used to present information on the centralized scheduling, real-time monitoring, risk prevention and control, operation and maintenance detection, and decision analysis of various equipment and automated, intelligent production systems for tunneling, mining, machinery, transportation, and ventilation during coal mine production. Accordingly, the interface design of the integrated intelligent mine control platform is particularly important for user experience. However, the current integrated automation systems for mines adopt monochrome configuration engineering plans and display a single interface effect of display and operation. By introducing the industrial design concepts and employing the 3D model interface …

Application Of Photoacoustic Imaging For Pneumonia Detection, Caesarany Maqfiroh, Rini Widyaningrum, Ahmad Mujtahid Anas, Mitrayana Mitrayana

Makara Journal of Science

We used photoacoustic imaging (PAI) to visualize and compare acoustic intensity levels in pneumonia-affected and healthy chicken lungs. After histological confirmation of pneumonia, the samples were scanned and subjected to a 532-nm diode laser in a photoacoustic imaging system. The acoustic intensity level of pneumonia-affected tissue was examined and compared with that of healthy lung samples. The optimum laser frequency and duty cycle for imaging the samples were 17 kHz and 30%, respectively. The acoustic intensity levels of pneumonia-affected tissue and healthy lungs were −82.5 ± 1.8 dB and −79.9 ± 1.3 dB, respectively. We found that a simple PAI …

Physicochemical Changes And Role Of Analytical Chemistry In Black Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) Processing, Surjani Wonorahardjo, Dian Puspita Sari, Arini Salsabila, Estiyawati Estiyawati, Dewi Yuliani, Anugrah Ricky Wijaya, Suharti Suharti, Irma Kartika Kusumaningrum, Chariztya Anggita Maharani, Thjiong Angelina Noviyanti

Makara Journal of Science

Black garlic is a traditional spice having potential of herbal medicine; however, continuous heating darkens its color and changes its taste due to chemical processes and new equilibrium in the system. In this study, fresh garlic was processed into black garlic at 60 °C for 24 days. Changes in physical and chemical parameters, such as browning and protein content, reducing sugar content, and antioxidative components were recorded. Protein content was measured by Kjeldahl method, brown color development was analyzed using a color reader, reducing sugar was examined using a dinitro salicylic DNS reagent, and antioxidative activities were studied with a …

Equilibrium And Kinetic Studies Of Crude Oil Sorption On Unmodified And Modified Napier Grass, Amalachukwu Ifeyinwa Obi, Vincent Ishmael Ajiwe, Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo

Makara Journal of Science

Nowadays, natural organic adsorbents are widely used to clean up oil from spills owing to their effectiveness, affordability, and biodegradability. In this study, Napier grass, a widely available agricultural material, was used to remove crude oil from aqueous media. The Napier grass was modified via a mild acetylation process to improve its hydrophobicity. The modification increased the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of the grass from 180.07 to 271.13 m²/g. Fourier-transform infrared analysis revealed that the modification endowed the originally hydrophilic Napier grass with hydrophobicity. The oil sorption processes were based on monolayer physisorption and controlled by film diffusion. The …

Beyond The Ice, Nikolaus T. Butz, Joshua Hunter, Emma Fisher

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Leadership is a management tool to direct effective achievement of goals. Historical investigation can provide a valuable lens for the study of leadership styles. To that end, this study examines the disparate approaches of Roald Amundsen and Robert Scott as they raced to be the first explorer to reach the South Pole. The objective of this study is to analyze the leadership techniques used in these expeditions, and to determine how they shaped the outcome of each. The process of tacit knowledge and experience coalesce and foster both leadership and action that is not only communication-oriented and value-driven, but also …

Evaluating The Post-Mining Land Uses Of Former Mine Sites For Sustainable Purposes In South Africa, Sphiwe E Mhlongo

Journal of Sustainable Mining

This paper uses a case study of an abandoned magnesite mine in the Limpopo Province of South Africa to find ways of identifying post-mining land used from the current uses of the abandoned mine sites or features. The approach used involved carrying out a field characterization of the mine site and documentation of the current uses of the features of the abandoned mine site. The technique used to identify the internal and external factors of the land uses involved analyzing their Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was used for further ranking of the land …

Stable Isotope Analysis Of Doryteuthis (Amerigo) Pealeii Eye Lenses To Determine Migratory Patterns In The Eastern Gulf Of Mexico Using Statoliths For Age Determination, Hannah M. Schwaiger

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Doryteuthis (Amerigo) pealeii is a common fisheries squid that occurs in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and along the east coast of the United States. These squid are an important link in the food web, linking higher and lower trophic positions (Madsen et al., 2007), and they are also used for human consumption. The migration patterns of D. pealeii populations in the northwestern North Atlantic have been thoroughly studied when compared to those in the GoM. This research aims to combine statolith aging and stable isotope analysis to enhance the understanding of D. pealeii migration patterns throughout their short, sub-annual …

Investigating The Use Of Translational Methods To Characterize Therapeutic Interventions In Models Of Pulmonary Disease, Ashley Rae Chang

Theses and Dissertations

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease with no known cause or cure. IPF has an incidence of 75/1,000,000 of the population, predominately in men over the age of 60. This relatively rare disease develops in a chronic and progressive way, ultimately leading to death within two to five years of diagnosis. Our use of translatable methodologies in the bleomycin mouse model of IPF led to the novel identification of the similarities between the average percent loss of lung function in previous human clinical trials to that of our mouse model data. There is no treatment for IPF …

Soft Contact Lens Tear Film Proteomics For Clinical Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery, Robert Kimball Roden

Theses and Dissertations

Human tear film is an accessible biospecimen rich with useful biological information. As tear protein biomarkers for both ocular and systemic diseases have been identified in tears, efforts are being made to create point-of-care tests useful for clinical diagnoses. However, there are significant obstacles to tear diagnostics, including inadequate sampling methods and biomarkers with insufficient sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, tear film diagnostics are particularly challenging for dry eye disease (DED) patients, where low tear volume makes sampling more difficult and the multifactorial nature of DED makes identifying the exact pathological subtype very complex. As soft contact lenses (SCLs) are designed …

Characteristics And Hydraulic Behavior Of Adsorptive Media For Use In Permeable Reactive Barriers, Shelby Rocha

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Cargill ditch is located on the property of Se7en Wetlands, a 1600-ac treatment wetland system in Lakeland, Polk County, Florida. The Se7en Wetlands property was previously utilized for phosphate mining prior to the construction of the system. Nonpoint nutrient sources derived from remnants of abandoned phosphate mines – known as “legacy phosphorus” – become mobilized by stormwater runoff and impair surface water bodies by promoting harmful algal blooms (HABs). Thus, the Cargill ditch likely conveys nutrient rich flow resulting from legacy phosphorus and is thought to be one contributing factor in the occurrence of HABs within the treatment wetland …

Identify The Most Productive Crop To Encourage Sustainable Farming Methods In Smart Farming Using Neutrosophic Environment, Ahmed Abdelhafeez, Hadeer Mahmoud, Alber S. Aziz

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Only with careful management can the data provided by crops be used to make smart, profitable choices. Data has become the central ingredient in contemporary agriculture, and the recent advancements in handling it are contributing greatly to the meteoric rise of smart farming. Gains in efficiency and longevity may be realized to a significant degree by using the objective data collected by sensors. These data-driven farms can maximize output while minimizing waste and environmental impact thanks to the information they collect and analyze. Various criteria and factors in smart farming can aid in productivity. Sensors, drones, Global Positioning System (GPS) …

An Empirical Investigation Of Network Topology On Majority Illusion, Behavior Adoption, And Polarization, Sreeja Sreekantan Nair

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Social influence plays a significant role in shaping opinions and behaviors both online and inthe physical world. The ways in which we interact with others and the information we receive can significantly influence our beliefs and attitudes towards different issues. While online social media provide platforms for such interactions, the underlying network structure can impact various social influence phenomena, including majority illusion, behavior adoption, and polarization.

This dissertation examines the role of network topology in three social influence processes:majority illusion, behavior adoption, and polarization. The majority illusion refers to a perception bias that occurs when individuals believe that an opinion …

The Use Of Artificial Intelligence In Higher Education: A Study On Faculty Perspectives In Universities In Egypt, Farah S. Sharawy

Theses and Dissertations

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology that is transforming various aspects of society, including higher education. This paper examines faculty perspectives from five different institutions; The American University in Cairo (AUC), The German University in Cairo (GUC), The Arab Academy for Science and Technology (AAST), Ain Shams University, and Cairo University, on the use of AI in higher education in teaching and learning in Egypt, with all its challenges and resources available to support it, and how it can be used to achieve equity and accessibility. This research was conducted through a qualitative study using semi-structured one- on-one interviews …

Wildfires Disturb The Natural Skin Microbiota Of Terrestrial Salamanders, Lubna Mulla, Obed Hernandez-Gomez

Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Faculty Scholarship

Environmental change can disturb natural associations between wildlife and microbial symbionts, in many cases to the detriment of host health. We used a North American terrestrial salamander system to assess how the skin microbiota of amphibians responds to wildfires. In northern California's redwood/oak forests, we assessed how recent wildfires affected the skin microbiota of three different salamander species (Taricha sp., Batrachoseps attenuatus, and Ensatina eschscholtzii) over two different sampling seasons in 2018 and 2021. We found species-specific responses to wildfire disturbance on the alpha diversity of the skin microbiota of terrestrial salamanders, although burning in general altered the composition of …

Research And Development Of Immersive Aero-Engine Scene Simulation System, Shun Yao, Zhongzhi Hu, Wenyu Cao, Jiali Yang

Journal of System Simulation

The research and development of aero-engines has the characteristics of high precision and interdiscipline. In order to reduce communication costs and to display the engine structure and the state of semi-physical simulator, by applying virtual reality technology,an immersive scene simulation system is built. By studying CAD data lightweight technology and physics-based real-time rendering technology,a rendering optimization method for similar object dynamic batching is proposed, which effectively improves the rendering frame rate. A dynamic parallax adjustment algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of dizziness when having a close look to stereoscopic images. The system achieves the …

Ecological Governance Of Aral Sea: Important Way To Deepen Scientific And Technological Cooperation With Central Asia, Miao Wu, Jianfang Qiao, Yuanming Zhang, Changyan Tian, Yaoming Li, Yun Hao, Xiaoyun Zhang, Lixian Wang, Jingjing He

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In September 2022, the President of the People’s Republic of China visited Uzbekistan for the first time after the epidemic. In the subsequent joint statement between China and Uzbekistan, China welcomed the adoption of the Aral Sea initiative proposed by Uzbekistan at the General Assembly of the United Nations. The two sides expressed their willingness to actively promote synergy between the Global Development Initiative and projects related to improving the ecological, economic, and social environment of the Aral Sea region under the framework of the United Nations. In this context, this paper describes the current situation of the Aral Sea …