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Climatizing National Security, Mark P. Nevitt

Faculty Articles

Is climate change a national security issue? Human security? Ecological security? This Article addresses the growing nexus between climate change and various conceptions of security with a particular emphasis on climate change's national security impacts. This Article argues that there is a growing connection between national security and climate change and a corresponding need to address the normative implications of "climatizing national security." This connection can be observed through three lenses: mitigation (reducing greenhouse gas emissions from military and national security sources); adaptation (investing in climate resilient infrastructure in an effort to prepare for climate impacts), and response (addressing climate-exacerbated …

Environmental Reconstruction In Nong Thale Pron, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Kanokpon Surijamorn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Climate change is one of the major factors influencing environmental changes. The study of proxies from geological records can extend climate data into the past, enabling the reconstruction of past environmental changes. This study collected sediment cores from three points at the deepest part of Nong Thale Pron, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The sediment core NTP-CP6 was selected for analysis using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), radiocarbon dating, grain size analysis, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, stable carbon isotopes, and n-alkanes. During the Last Glacial Maximum (21–19 ka BP), dry conditions were caused by a strong northeast monsoon and the exposure of …

Debris Flow And Flood Susceptibility Assessment In Phang-Nga Province, Southern Thailand, Aksara Kulsilarak

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Phang-nga, a province in Southern Thailand, is highly susceptible to geohazards such as debris flows and flooding, both of which pose significant risks to human life and property. Two major topographic factors contribute to the potential for debris flow: i) steep mountain slopes and ii) the presence of multiple mountain-front outlets. This study presents the creation of susceptibility maps for debris flow and flood hazards in Phang-nga, using the Frequency Ratio (FR) method. The analysis classified the region into five susceptibility levels: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high, based on natural break classification. For debris flow, moderate susceptibility …

Emotion Recognition Through Advanced Signal Fusion And Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks, Aung Myo Thant

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Emotion recognition is an important aspect of affective computing that has many applications including human computer interaction and mental health care. In this thesis, Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) are explored for the purpose of multimodal emotion recognition from EEG (Electroencephalogram) and eye movement signals of the SEED-V dataset. Both modalities were represented by Differential Entropy (DE) features and a two-branch KAN architecture was used which composed of seven KAN variants, namely, Efficient KAN, Jacobi KAN, Hermite KAN, Fourier KAN, Chebyshev KAN, RBF KAN, and Wavelet KAN (with different wavelet types including DOG, Morlet, Mexican hat, and Meyer). The strengths of two …

Green Materials For Electromembrane Microextraction For Determination Of Norfloxacin, Thidarat Samkumpim

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The gel electro membrane extraction (G-EME) has undergone many developments, including the in-gel electro membrane extraction (IG-EME) and the minimization of G-EME. First, IG-EME is a two-phase version of G-EME; its development started with suppressing the electroendoosmosis phenomenon (EEO). The EEO effect is a major problem in G-EME, which is caused by the induced water movement of the agarose membrane during the extraction. A removal acceptor phase can reduce the chance of excessive water movement. IG-EME enhances the extraction efficiency and moves the extraction to the sensing platform. In this work, IG-EME was studied with fluorescence detection for the first …

Health Risk Assessment Of Heavy Metals Exposure From Blood Cockles : A Case Study In Samut Sakhon, Thailand, Nuttinan Jitsai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study assessed the potential health risks from heavy metal exposure through the consumption of blood cockles (Anadara granosa) farmed in open-system aquaculture along the Tha Chin River, Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand. Environmental samples—sediment, surface water, and blood cockles—were collected from five farms during the dry season in December 2024. Six heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, and Zn) were analyzed using ICP-MS techniques. The highest mean concentrations in blood cockles were Zn (9.71 ± 1.46 mg/kg), As (0.61 ± 0.10 mg/kg), Cd (0.47 ± 0.40 mg/kg), Pb (0.13 ± 0.02 mg/kg), Cr (0.08 ± 0.02 mg/kg), and Hg...

Effect Of Data Visualization On Users' Running Performance On Treadmill, Thanaphon Amattayakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study investigates the effect of real-time data visualization on user performance and experience during treadmill running. Traditional treadmill displays usually present information in plain text, which may limit user engagement and motivation. To address this, the study introduced redesigned displays using data visualization techniques aligned with human perception, such as line graphs and progress bars, to make performance feedback more meaningful and easier to understand. The experiment compared three display conditions: a traditional treadmill display and two improved designs. A within-subjects design was used with 18 participants. Performance metrics such as time to exhaustion, heart rate, distance covered, and …

Leveraging Gpt-4 For Thai Land And Building Tax Calculation In The Bangkok Area, Sadanan Arsaibun

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This paper explores the application of large language models (LLMs), particularly GPT-4, in the context of Thai land and building tax computation. We address challenges arising from the complexity of Thai tax regulations, the scarcity of Thai-language training data, and the structured, multi-variable nature of tax computation tasks. To enhance model performance, we employ few-shot prompting, decomposition-based reasoning, and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). We further introduce a JSON-style output format to support structured conversational interactions, allowing the model to identify missing user inputs and guide data collection. A secondary o3-mini pass is used as an answer verifier, helping to assess the …

Craftjai: Llm-Enhanced Generative Ai For Gamified Mood Journal, Kingrak Phairoh

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Mood journaling helps promote emotional self-awareness, but maintaining user motivation remains difficult. This study presents CRAFTJAI, a generative AI system that enhances journaling through emotionally aligned visual feedback. Instead of replacing diary entries, the system adds character-based imagery to support intrinsic motivation and symbolic emotional reflection. It consists of emotional feature extraction using a large language model, emotion-labeled dataset construction based on eight core moods, and LoRA fine-tuning of a diffusion-based text-to-image model to improve emotional fidelity and stylistic consistency. A web-based prototype was developed with Gradio for real-time evaluation. Drawing on gamification and self-determination theory, the system integrates emotional …

Cattle Identification By Muzzle Patterns Using Few-Shot Learning And Two-Branch Feature Extraction, Kunanon Sereewatanapong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Cattle identification is a critical component of modern farm management systems, particularly in ensuring traceability, disease control, and improved production efficiency. Traditional identification methods such as ear tags or microchips often face challenges related to cost, durability, and animal welfare concerns. To address these limitations, this study proposes TBPN-ACEM (Two-Branch Prototype Network with Adaptive-Color Local Binary Pattern and Enhanced Margin Prototype Loss), a lightweight and few-shot learning framework designed for cattle identification using muzzle patterns, a unique and permanent biometric trait analogous to human fingerprints. The TBPN-ACEM architecture consists of three core components: (1) a two-branch structure that jointly extracts …

Optimization Of Process Parameters For Carbon Dioxide Capture With K2co3/Al2o3 Solid Sorbent In Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Kaung Sat Han -

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels and industry totaled 37.15 billion metric tons in 2022. Therefore, it is a priority to consider a method or a solution for reducing CO2 emission while the global energy sector is still dependent on hydrocarbon fuels. Among carbon capturing concepts, there are a lot of recent studies on the application of reversible gas-solid adsorption of CO2 on K2CO3/Al2O3 with reliable efficiency and reusability. The adsorption and desorption capacities of the sorbent are influenced by the operation parameters such as temperature, pressure, water vapor and flow patterns. Computational fluid dynamics software (CFD), which is …

Effects Of Fertilizers Usage In Conventional And Organic Cocoa Plantation In Thailand, Rusali Agrawal

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This paper explores the effects of conventional and organic farming practices on crops with similar cultivation methods, focusing on cocoa plantations in Thailand. Through a comprehensive review of literature and life cycle assessment (LCA) studies, this research investigates the carbon emissions from different agricultural systems and provides insights into sustainable farming practices. The study aims to elucidate the environmental consequences of conventional farming methods, including the heavy reliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and benefits of transitioning to an organic heavy farming method.The analysis begins with an overview of conventional farming methods, highlighting their historical evolution and widespread adoption in …

Development Of A Forest Fire Detection Device Based On Agent-Based Simulation, Teerapat Tappanom

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study had three main objectives: to identify the factors influencing forest fire spread, to design and develop a forest fire spread model, and to design and develop a forest fire detection device. The researcher utilized scatter plots, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis based on climatic data collected from the Chiang Mai Meteorological Station between 1998 and 2021 to investigate the parameters affecting fire spread. A forest fire spread model was developed using an Agent-Based Model (ABM) in AnyLogic 8.8.3 Personal Learning Edition to estimate the burned area under different scenarios with wind directions set to the north …

Age Dating Young Groundwater: How To Determine Groundwater Age From Environmental Tracer Data, D. K. Solomon, T. E. Gilmore

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Western Boundary Current-Subtropical Continental Shelf Interactions, William B. Savidge, Dana K. Savidge, Frederico Brandini, Adam T. Greer, Eileen E. Hofmann, Moninya Roughan, Iison De Silvera, Iain M. Suthers

CCPO Publications

Western boundary currents (WBCs) adjacent to subtropical continental shelves (STCSs; between ~25° and 35° latitude; Figure 1) transport heat, nutrients, and biota poleward along the western margins of major ocean basins, interacting with the continental margins and influencing their physics and biology. Eddies and meanders along the shelf edge upwell deep, nutrient-laden water that can be advected onto the adjacent shelves with a corresponding export of particle-rich shelf water (e.g., Lee et al., 1991; Kimura et al., 1997; Campos et al., 2000; Roughan and Middleton, 2002, 2004; Lutjeharms, 2006; Savidge and Savidge, 2014). Despite their similarities, the various STCS regions …

From Pollution To Resource: Advancing Swine Waste Treatment In The Usa, Viney P. Aneja, Ryke Longest, Matias B. Vanotti, Ariel A. Szogi, Gudigopuram B. Reddy

Faculty Scholarship

Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have led to environmental challenges, specifically waste management. Swine CAFOs generate large amounts of waste, requiring proper treatment to avoid air and water pollution. Conventional waste management technologies, such as lagoon and spray field systems, do not prevent air and water pollution impacts. Research for the past few decades led to recommendations for waste treatment technologies superior to lagoons and spray fields. Private environmental sustainability initiatives focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the food supply chain have implemented biogas digester projects for capturing methane in covered swine lagoons to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, …

Transdisciplinary Doctoral Training To Address Global Sustainability Challenges, Zoie Taylor Diana, John Virdin, Michelle B. Nowlin, Nishad Jayasundara, Daniel Rittschof

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Enhancing Set-Theoretic Research Methods With Neutrosophic Sets, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez, Jesús Estupiñán Ricardo, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This study employed the integration of neutrosophic set theory with set-theoretic methods and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to examine intricate social phenomena. Participants' opinions and attitudes were captured using neutrosophic Likert scales, which reflected elements of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity. This proposal is illustrated in a case study facilitated a more comprehensive and subtle examination, emphasizing the significance of variables such as motivation, instructional excellence, and educational resources in achieving academic accomplishment. The results of the necessary condition analysis and set coincidence analysis indicated that motivation and teaching quality have the highest individual impact. Nevertheless, the convergence of scholarly resources, …

Foundation Of Appurtenance And Inclusion Equations For Constructing The Operations Of Neutrosophic Numbers Needed In Neutrosophic Statistics Foundation Of Appurtenance And Inclusion Equations For Constructing The Operations Of Neutrosophic Numbers Needed In Neutrosophic Statistics, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

We introduce for the first time the appurtenance equation and inclusion equation, which help in understanding the operations with neutrosophic numbers within the frame of neutrosophic statistics. The way of solving them resembles the equations whose coefficients are sets (not single numbers).

Community Science Informs Movement And Reproductive Ecology Of Sand Tigers Carcharias Taurus Off North Carolina, United States Of America, Carol Seals Price, Ara Lupton Mcclanahan, Erin J. Burge, Tanya Houppermans, Jason Holmberg

Marine Science

Sand tigers are frequently observed at shipwrecks and other artificial reef habitats off North Carolina (USA), but data about occupancy, movement ecology, and site fidelity are lacking. Spot A Shark USA researchers used Wildbook^© photoidentification software to spot map sand tigers in images provided by recreational SCUBA divers, or collected from remotely operated vehicles, and an offshore live-streaming camera. We uniquely identified 1837 sand tigers, 101 of which were resighted on more than one date between 2005–2021. Sand tigers of both sexes and various ages were found year-round along the northern, central and southern coast. We identified shipwrecks or …

A “War” Over Lobster And Whales: The Issue-Attention Cycle, Media Discourse, And Political Ecology Of Right Whale Science And Conservation In Six Us Newspapers, Marcus Reamer, Catherine Macdonald, Julia Wester, Russell Fielding, Meryl Shriver-Rice

Honors College Faculty Publications

News organizations and journalists are important and influential actors in environmental politics. Their reporting on social and environmental issues often follows issue-attention cycles (IACs) that emphasize drama and problematization to maintain public interest. This study examined nearly 13 years of news coverage to understand the media discourse about the Critically Endangered North Atlantic right whale (NARW) and its conservation. Content analysis and critical discourse analysis were used to analyze 356 texts published in six large US newspapers between January 1, 2010 and March 15, 2023. NARW conservation and management received increased public attention and an IAC began in 2017 after …

Detection Of Tooth Position By Yolov4 And Various Dental Problems Based On Cnn With Bitewing Radiograph, Kuo Chen Li, Yi-Cheng Mao, Mu-Feng Lin, Yi-Qian Li, Chiung-An Chen, Tsung-Yi Chen, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Department of Information Systems & Computer Science Faculty Publications

Periodontitis is a high prevalence dental disease caused by bacterial infection of the bone that surrounds the tooth. Early detection and precision treatment can prevent more severe symptoms such as tooth loss. Traditionally, periodontal disease is identified and labeled manually by dental professionals. The task requires expertise and extensive experience, and it is highly repetitive and time-consuming. The aim of this study is to explore the application of AI in the field of dental medicine. With the inherent learning capabilities, AI exhibits remarkable proficiency in processing extensive datasets and effectively managing repetitive tasks. This is particularly advantageous in professions demanding …

A Facile Auto-Combustion Pathway For Creating Mn- And Fe-Doped Tio2 Nanostructures And Their Photocatalytic Activity, Gharieb Meselhy

Dentistry

Using a combination of two fuels, an auto-combustion method was used to synthesize pure TiO2 and doped TiO2 with different concentrations of iron(III) (Fe) and manganese(II) (Mn) (1, 3, 5, and 7 mol%). The as-prepared materials were characterized using different techniques, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The XRD results showed that both pure TiO2 and all doped TiO2 samples had the anatase phase, indicating the crystalline nature of all the as-prepared nanomaterials. Crystal violet decolorization under UV irradiation was used to …

Improveing F-Beta Score In Classifying Shark Data Into Shark Behaviors, Ibrahim M. Ali

CGU Theses & Dissertations

One metric used to measure classification performance in machine learning is F-beta score. The objective in this thesis is to improve the average F-b score computed in classifying shark data into shark behaviors, namely; Resting, Swimming, Feeding, and Non-Directed Motion (NDM). Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) are utilized to balance the data, from which pre-processed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT), and Autocorrelation (AC) features are extracted then classified using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN). All the combinations of the two balancing techniques, the three feature types, and the two machine …

Xuebijing Improves Intestinal Microcirculation Dysfunction In Septic Rats By Regulating The Vegf-A/Pi3k/Akt Signaling Pathway, A-Ling Tang, Yan Li, Li-Chao Sun, Xiao-Yu Liu, Nan Gao, Sheng-Tao Yan, Guo-Qiang Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore whether Xuebijing (XBJ) can improve intestinal microcirculation dysfunction in sepsis and its mechanism.

METHODS: A rat model of sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). A total of 30 male SD rats were divided into four groups: sham group, CLP group, XBJ + axitinib group, and XBJ group. XBJ was intraperitoneally injected 2 h before CLP. Hemodynamic data (blood pressure and heart rate) were recorded. The intestinal microcirculation data of the rats were analyzed via microcirculation imaging. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), …

Reducing Short-Chain Pfas Levels In California Water Supplies, Manu Prabandham

Pomona Senior Theses

This thesis proposes twelve specific policies based on precedents set by prior regulation of persistent organic pollutants (such as PCBs), the costs and benefits of short-chain PFAS, technologies available to remove and destroy short-chain PFAS, and the roles and limitations of California’s regulatory institutions. The twelve policies are chosen to be politically and financially feasible, effective at removing short-chain PFAS from water supplies, and equitable towards lower-income and minority Californians, who suffer the most from the consequences of PFAS and other environmental pollutants. The new definitions, education campaigns, studies, taxes, bans, standards, testing, and filtration systems proposed are intended to …

Ncmpy: A Modelling Software For Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps Based On Python Package, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, Divakar Arumugam, Aryan Rathore, Ateeth Arun, Manan Jain, Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Cognitive Maps are a vital tool that can be used for knowledge representation and reasoning. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are popular soft computing techniques used to model large and complex systems, and they can aid in explainable AI. FCMs, however, cannot model the indeterminacy that arises in a system due to various uncertainties. Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMs), upgraded FCMs that could model indeterminacy, was introduced to address this issue. NCMs are a generalization of FCMs, a field of cognitive science firmly based on neural networks. NCMs have been used to solve a wide range of problems. NCMs were introduced in …

Super Hiper Funcion Y Super Hiper Estructura Y Sus Correspondientes Super Hiper Funcion Neutrosofica Y Super Hiper Estructura Neutrosofica, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

El n-ésimo Conjunto Potencia de un Conjunto {o Pn(S)} describe mejor nuestro mundo real, porque un sistema S (que puede ser una empresa, institución, asociación, país, sociedad, conjunto de objetos/plantas/animales/seres, conjunto de conceptos/ideas/proposiciones, etc.) está formado por subsistemas, que a su vez están formados por sub-subsistemas, y así sucesivamente. Demostramos que la Super Hiper Función es una generalización de la Función clásica, Super Función y la Hiper Función. Y el Super Hiper Álgebra, Super Hiper Gráfico son parte de la Super Hiper Estructura. Casi todas las estructuras en nuestro mundo real son Super Hiper Estructuras Neutrosóficas ya que tienen …

Prefacio Del Número Especial Sobre La Aplicación De La Neutrosófica En Latinoamérica, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

En un mundo caracterizado por la complejidad y la incertidumbre, los marcos de pensamiento que pueden abrazar la ambigüedad y el conflicto inherente a nuestras vidas son de un valor incalculable. La neutrosófica, con su compromiso de explorar el espacio entre el verdadero y el falso, ha emergido como una perspectiva poderosa y transformadora en el ámbito académico y profesional. Este número especial de Investigación Operacional es un testimonio del creciente interés y de la aplicación de la neutrosófica en Latinoamérica, un continente diverso y vibrante que enfrenta desafíos únicos y oportunidades en el siglo XXI.

Neutrosophie : Un Cadre Interdisciplinaire Pour Une Meilleure Compréhension De L’Incertitude Et De L’Indétermination, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

La neutrosophie, un cadre philosophique et scientifique relativement récent introduit dans les années 1990,1 propose une approche robuste pour comprendre et modéliser l’indétermination, la contradiction et l’incertitude. Explorons les concepts fondamentaux de la neutrosophie et quelques diverses applications à travers plusieurs disciplines, notamment les mathématiques, la physique, la sociologie, la psychologie et la biologie.