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Articles 1531 - 1560 of 42642

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Mixed Animal Species Grazing Under Temperate And Semi-Arid Conditions, T Nolan, J Connolly, L M. Guillon, C Sall, K Dieye, K Dieye, H Guerin Jun 2025

Mixed Animal Species Grazing Under Temperate And Semi-Arid Conditions, T Nolan, J Connolly, L M. Guillon, C Sall, K Dieye, K Dieye, H Guerin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mixed grazing has been practiced for a long time, under a variety of climatic conditions, combinations of animal species and grazing managements (Nolan and Connolly, 1977). They suggested that although mixed grazing research progress was impeded by difficulties associated with the increased number of variables involved it offered greater opportunity to improve resource use. The purpose of this paper is to present results from recent research carried out under temperate and semi-arid conditions related to individual animal and per unit area outputs, animal/vegetation relationships and complemetary patterns of grazing behavious in relation to more efficient and balanced use of vegetation …

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The Influence Of Clothes On The Thermoregulatory Behavior And The Protection Against External Parasites Of Grazing Cattle, M Sakurai, A Yamada Jun 2025

The Influence Of Clothes On The Thermoregulatory Behavior And The Protection Against External Parasites Of Grazing Cattle, M Sakurai, A Yamada

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Under the monsoon climate, maximum temperature showed 34 °C in August and minimum temperature showed - 15 °C in February, total rainfall amounting to 1.700 mm. Through the welfare of the grazing cattle, both hot, rain and frosty environ­ment influence the animal production (Bennett et al., 1984; Done-Currie Jr et al., 1984; Fraser, 1983). In order to improve the welfare of grazing cattle under hot, cold, rain and attacks of the external parasites, the efficiency of cattle clothes were studied.

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Comparison Of Energy Budget In Pastures By System Model: Intensively Managed Pasture Vs. Extensively Managed Pasture, M Shiyomi, N Koyama, M Tsuiki, K Ochiai, H Kobayashi, S Shioya, T Ami Jun 2025

Comparison Of Energy Budget In Pastures By System Model: Intensively Managed Pasture Vs. Extensively Managed Pasture, M Shiyomi, N Koyama, M Tsuiki, K Ochiai, H Kobayashi, S Shioya, T Ami

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An annual gain of 1 ton cattle body weight per ha was attained in an intensively managed pasture (IMP) of the National Grassland research Institute, NGRI, in 1986. In this experiment the efficiency of solar energy converted into herbage and cattle body was not directly determined although seasonal changes in herbage and animal biomasses were measured. In current report, the energy budget for herbage and cattle body in this pasture was estimated and compared with that in an extensively managed pasture (EMP) using a system model.

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Cattle Grazing Of Bahiagrass (Paspalum Notatum Flugge) Sward Canopy As Influenced By Dung Deposition, M Hirata, Y Sugimoto, M Ueno Jun 2025

Cattle Grazing Of Bahiagrass (Paspalum Notatum Flugge) Sward Canopy As Influenced By Dung Deposition, M Hirata, Y Sugimoto, M Ueno

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It is commonly observed in a grazed pasture that the grazing animal rejects the herbage on and near the dung pat (Marsh and Campling, 1970). However, quantitative information on the dung-induced changes in herbage consumption is very limited. In this study, cattle grazing of the dung-deposited sward canopy is compared with that of the dung-free sward canopy in order to clear the cattle dung effect on the herbage consumption in a bahiagrass pasture.

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Estimation Of Pasture Intake In Grazing Ewes, Using The Alkanes Of Plant Cuticular Waxes, H Dove, J Z. Foot, M Freer Jun 2025

Estimation Of Pasture Intake In Grazing Ewes, Using The Alkanes Of Plant Cuticular Waxes, H Dove, J Z. Foot, M Freer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Herbage intake in grazing animals is commonly estimated from faecal dry matter output, calculated from the dilution of orally-administered chromium sesquioxide (Cr203), and an in�� vitro estimate of herbage digestibility (e.g., Freer et al. 1988). A major disadvantage of this approach is that a single digesti­bility value is ultimately applied to all the animals in a group, despite the fact that both the level of intake of individual ani­mals and the consumption of supplement can alter herbage digestibility (Waite et al. 1964). More recently, Mayes et al.(1986) obtained accrurate estimates of known herbage, from a combination of the faecal levels …

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A Modified Linear Programming Method For Assesing The Effects Of Mixed Grazing In The Heterogenous Environments, J Connolly, T Nolan, L M. Guillon, C Sall, K Dieye, H Guerin Jun 2025

A Modified Linear Programming Method For Assesing The Effects Of Mixed Grazing In The Heterogenous Environments, J Connolly, T Nolan, L M. Guillon, C Sall, K Dieye, H Guerin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of the programme of which this work is part is to investigate the role of mixed grazing in preservation of range vegetation and sustaining or improving animal production in the Senegalese Sahel. In this paper we apply the linear pro­gramming method of Connolly (1974) modified to allow for missing information, to data on animal preferences for plant species.

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Intensive Continuous Dairy Cows Grazing Of An Heterogeneous Grassland: Botanical Evolution In Relation With The Animal Behavior, Anne Mathieu, B Leclerc, J L. Fiorelli, B Jeannin, B Hubert, E De Vaubernier Jun 2025

Intensive Continuous Dairy Cows Grazing Of An Heterogeneous Grassland: Botanical Evolution In Relation With The Animal Behavior, Anne Mathieu, B Leclerc, J L. Fiorelli, B Jeannin, B Hubert, E De Vaubernier

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Intensive continuous grazing is now well established in tem­perate climate countries (Parker, 1987). In semi-continental cli­mate, the adjustment of stocking rate to herbage growth is more complex (Mathieu and Jeannin, 1986). Moreover parcels are very often an assemblage of different types of permanent meadows. The question of animal behaviour in relation to this spatial heterogeneity, and the subsequent evolution of the pas­ture was posed. The perenniality of this grazing system is dependent on the trend of this evolution. An experimentation was carried out in the northeastern France (Mirecourt, Vosges) by INRA, in order to analyse spa­tial choices made by dairy …

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Human And Animal Impacts On Vegetation And Forage Plants In The Southern Guinea Savanna Of Nigeria, L C. Nwaigbo Jun 2025

Human And Animal Impacts On Vegetation And Forage Plants In The Southern Guinea Savanna Of Nigeria, L C. Nwaigbo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Human beings and animals interact with their habitat. This interaction changes the structure of the organization of com­munities of plants. The region that has been changed for worst with tress being replaced by grasses as a result of burning is the Savanna region of Nigeria. Annual fire is a common occurence in Nigerian Savanna and this ecological factor has altered the original vegetation of these areas. Burning is usually undertaken for clearing land for culti­vation and also for production of a flush of fresh palatable grass for grazing by the nomadic cattle herdsmen. Forage plants like Afzelia africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus …

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Manipulating The Plastic Response Of White Clover Through Grazing, In A Cool, Temperate Climate In New Zealand, R.J M. Hay, G S. Baxter Jun 2025

Manipulating The Plastic Response Of White Clover Through Grazing, In A Cool, Temperate Climate In New Zealand, R.J M. Hay, G S. Baxter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Southland, New Zealand, a wide range of grazing systems are practised, from continuous set-stocking to year round rot­ational grazing. A problem is the apparent decline in contri­bution of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to total sward pro­duction in older pastures. Cereal and brassica crops, which depleted soil N, were traditionally sown each year and used to ensure that about 20 % of any farm consisted of clover-domi­nant two and three year old pastures. Carran (pers. comm.) suggests that all-grass-farming has removed the N-deficit incentive for clover growth. Farmlet tri­als at the Gore Regional Station, DSIR, have shown that …

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Some Factors Causing Temporal And Spatial Variation In White Clover Performance In Grazed Swards, S A. Grant, C A. Marriott Jun 2025

Some Factors Causing Temporal And Spatial Variation In White Clover Performance In Grazed Swards, S A. Grant, C A. Marriott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stolon burial as a result of earthworm activity and poaching is common on many soil types in autumn and winter. The covering of soil is thought to protect against frost and thus be­nefit winter survival. On heavy soils in wet conditions treading can result in stolon burial during the growing season (Grant et al., 1988). The extent to which burial at this time adversely affects clover is unknown. Urination by grazing animals depos­its the equivalent of 300-600 kg N/ha locally on the sward. Since the addition of fertiliser N to mixed grass-clover swards favours grass at the expense of clover, …

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The Growth Of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) In Field Swards In Wales. A Review., D Wilman Jun 2025

The Growth Of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) In Field Swards In Wales. A Review., D Wilman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The purpose of the paper is to review some studies of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) growth in field swards in Wales, which were supervised by the author in the period 1976-88. White clover is a valuable species, from the point of view of both nitrogen fixation and animal nutrition, but it is used successfully on only a small proportion of farms in the United Kingdom. Studies such as those reviewed should contribute to greater success in white clover use.

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Effects Of Sheep Grazing On Dry Matter Production And Persistence Of A Lucerne Crop, I Delgado Enguita Jun 2025

Effects Of Sheep Grazing On Dry Matter Production And Persistence Of A Lucerne Crop, I Delgado Enguita

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Spain, lucerne is mainly grown on irrigated areas for hay production and dehydration industry. The utilization of lucerne under grazing is very infrequent, due to the detrimental effects on both, animal health and plants persistence that have been attributed to it. However, lucerne dry matter (DM) pro­duction and quality in addition of being its cultivation more economical than grasses, offer interesting advantages to be used as a green forage (Delgado, 1984). New Zealand workers (Agronomy Society of New Zealand, 1982) have stressed that lucerne could be successfully managed under grazing when long resting periods were provided between short grazing …

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Dynamics Of A Tropical Grass-Legume Sward In The Subtropics And Its Effect On Animal Performance, M J. Williams, A C. Hammond, W T. Butts, W E. Kunkle Jun 2025

Dynamics Of A Tropical Grass-Legume Sward In The Subtropics And Its Effect On Animal Performance, M J. Williams, A C. Hammond, W T. Butts, W E. Kunkle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rhizoma perennial peanut ( Arachis glabrata Benth.) is a for­age legume species adapted to the well-drained soils of subtropical United States (Prine et al., 1981). Management studies with perennial peanut have concentrated on hay pro­duction and animal performance based on pure stands (Prine, 1981 ; Sollenberger et al., 1987). Mixtures of perennial peanuts and various tropical grasses have performed well in small plot studies, but the interrelationship of grass and perennial peanuts under grazing and the consequence this relationship has on stand productivity and animal performance has not been investigated. The summer grazing phase of a backgrounding systems trial, which …

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Seasonal Variation Of Cattle Daily Gain, Plant Characteristics And Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency In Grazing Pastures Of Dactylis Glomerata And Of Festuca Arundinacea, T Okubo, Y Kurokawa, M Hirakawa, K Matsui Jun 2025

Seasonal Variation Of Cattle Daily Gain, Plant Characteristics And Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency In Grazing Pastures Of Dactylis Glomerata And Of Festuca Arundinacea, T Okubo, Y Kurokawa, M Hirakawa, K Matsui

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Herbage intake, digestibility and leafiness or bulk density are well known as the main factors affecting the performance of grazing animals. But even in case where these factors are not so different, daily gain still varies among seasons or individuals (Blaser et al., 1981). In order to solve these problems by modeling approach (Okubo & Jacquard, 1985), seasonal changes in plant production, daily gain of cattle live-weight and seasonal variations in solar energy conversion into cattle gain were measured, and the importance (Okubo et al., 1985) of gross efficiency of digestible energy to net energy was discussed.

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Effects Of Ammoniation Of Rice Straw On Its Feeding Value For Lambs, J Q. Ferreira, R Garcia Jun 2025

Effects Of Ammoniation Of Rice Straw On Its Feeding Value For Lambs, J Q. Ferreira, R Garcia

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Great quantities of crop residues are produced in Brazil at harvest time. The production of rice straw reachs approxi­mately ten million of tons each year and very small quantity is used for animal feeding. The interest on utilization of rice straw increased in the last years mainly due to possibility of ammonia use for improvement of nutritive value of crop residues (Sund­stol el al., 1978 ; Saenger el al., 1983 ; Herrera-Saldana el al., 1982; Streeter and Horn, 1984; Grotheer el al., 1986; Horton and Steacy, 1979). The objective of this study was to measure the effect to ammoniation on …

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Hayval : A Microcomputer Program For Evlauting The Winter Feeding Needs Of Beef, Sheep, And Horses, D B. Hannaway, S A. Dahl, P J. Ballerstedt, P E. Shuler, W Rogers, F Shafabakhsh, J Smith, M Lawyer Jun 2025

Hayval : A Microcomputer Program For Evlauting The Winter Feeding Needs Of Beef, Sheep, And Horses, D B. Hannaway, S A. Dahl, P J. Ballerstedt, P E. Shuler, W Rogers, F Shafabakhsh, J Smith, M Lawyer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

HA YV AL is a microcomputer programm which was developed to teach concepts of hay quality and animal nutrition. HA YV AL answers the question, 'Will the hay I have available meet the nutritional needs of the animals I am feed­ing ?'. It does so by using an interactive teaching technique ; asking questions about the animals and the hay being fed.

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Increasing The Contribution Of Grass Silage For Milk Production, C Thomas, A Reeve Jun 2025

Increasing The Contribution Of Grass Silage For Milk Production, C Thomas, A Reeve

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The conservation of grass as silage rather than hay has become increasingly popular in Northern Europe. The increase in silage making has been associated with the increased intensi­fication of animal production and improvements in our knowl­edge of the fermentation process. Despite the ability to produce grass silages with consistently high metabolisable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) contents it has been calculated that on UK dairy farms silage barely meets the maintenance require­ment of the cow (Phipps, 1986). The objective of the work reported here is to devise methods to increase the contribution of silage in the diet of the …

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Chemical And Nutritive Values Of Three Ensiled Residues (Broad Beans, Peas And Soybean) In Comparison With Yellow Lupin Silage, J Efe Serrano Jun 2025

Chemical And Nutritive Values Of Three Ensiled Residues (Broad Beans, Peas And Soybean) In Comparison With Yellow Lupin Silage, J Efe Serrano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The agro-industrial residues of legumes in Portugal has increased recently in animal feeding, but with little information about the nutritive values of these diets. The few values from literature (Economides and Had­jidemetriou, 1974; Boza and Guerreiro, 1981 ; Escandon et al., 1983) or in Tables of Food Composition are quite different. In south of Portugal, the yellow lupin is an expanding forage used in sheep diets as hay or silage. The purpose of this work, and others in progress, was to compare the feeding value of silages made from three important residues with the yellow lupin silage.

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Corn Crop Grown With And Without Tropical Legumes For Silage Making, J A. Obeid, M E. Cruz Jun 2025

Corn Crop Grown With And Without Tropical Legumes For Silage Making, J A. Obeid, M E. Cruz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Under Brasilian conditions the beef and milk production rely almost exclusively upon the use of natural or cultivated pastures. However, due to the characteristics of the climate with a warm and rainy season and a cool and dry season, the forage growth rate and animal production presents both high and low peaks, resulting in slaughtering age of 4-5 years and a low average milk production (Pedreira, 1973). Improvement of forage production has been one approach for increasing animal production. However, the above measure brings a higher attention to the feeding of the animals in the dry season. Most often, use …

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Towards Improving Animal Production In The Rangelands Of Kenya, A Abate, M M. Wanyoike, M S. Badamana, A N. Abate Jun 2025

Towards Improving Animal Production In The Rangelands Of Kenya, A Abate, M M. Wanyoike, M S. Badamana, A N. Abate

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Kenya, the rangelands comprise about 80% of the country's land surface and contain about 76% of its population of cattle, sheep, goats and camels. Pastoralism is the dominant activity in this zone managed by among others, Maasai, Ren­dille, Samburu and Turkana tribesmen. The nomads keep animals for their own dietary requirements of milk, blood and meat and for sale to the heavily populated and crop dominated production systems of the high potential areas. The relative merits of meat and milk production and other economic indices of productivity have been analysed and discussed (ILCA, 1984). Despite suggested improvement interventions animal …

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Introduction And Evaluation Of Perennial Forage Grasses For Use In Dryland Farming Regions On Morocco, A Arif, J Stubbendieck, S Waller, W Stroup Jun 2025

Introduction And Evaluation Of Perennial Forage Grasses For Use In Dryland Farming Regions On Morocco, A Arif, J Stubbendieck, S Waller, W Stroup

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock are a significant part of the agricultural production system of central Morocco: 1) they utilize cereal by-products (straw, chaff, weeds) and 2) they are a source of readily avail­able cash. Money generated from livestock sales serves to support the farmer and his family and sustain cropping opera­tions such as seeding, weed control and harvest. However, live­stock output is low. Cultivated forage represents only 3 % of arable land. The question we sought to answer was whether perennial for­age grasses could establish under low rainfall conditions (250-390 mm) in central Morocco. Our goal was to extend the avail­ability of quality …

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Agronomic Methods To Increase Pastureland Production In Mediterranean Marginal Areas, P Bullitta, Simonetta Bullitta, P P. Roggero Jun 2025

Agronomic Methods To Increase Pastureland Production In Mediterranean Marginal Areas, P Bullitta, Simonetta Bullitta, P P. Roggero

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sardinian pasturelands covering 1.200.000 ha represent nearly the 50 % of the island surface and are the most import­ant resource for animal feeding. Pastureland productivity is scarce, annual dry matter ranging from 6 to 12 q ha-1. Low pro­duction is mainly due to climate, scarce deepness and type of soils and by competition of mediterranean shrubs, mainly Cistus spp. that infests nearly 500.000 ha with a percentage of covering ranging from 20 to 100 % . The control of Cistus is normally done by means of fire and by ploughing but results are poor because a correct management of the …

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Improving Marginal Land Productivity In Mediterranean Environment Using Phosphate Fertilizer, A E. Osman, P S. Cocks, E F. Thomson, L Russi Jun 2025

Improving Marginal Land Productivity In Mediterranean Environment Using Phosphate Fertilizer, A E. Osman, P S. Cocks, E F. Thomson, L Russi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Marginal lands in this paper refer to the non arable lands which exist within or adjacent to the cropping zone in the mediterranean basin. Such lands constitue a sizable proportion of the total land available in north Africa and southern Europe. Similarly in west Asia there are large areas : in Syria and Leb­anon, they constitute between 30 to 60% of the total land surface. In west Asia and north Africa (W ANA), these lands are used mainly for grazing of sheep and goats. However, because pro­ductivity is low the animals need supplementary feeding with barley grain, grazing of green …

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Utilization Des Savanes Naturelles Par Des Troupeaux Bovins Allaitants En Guadeloupe, M Naves, A Xande, F Vallee, O Coppry Jun 2025

Utilization Des Savanes Naturelles Par Des Troupeaux Bovins Allaitants En Guadeloupe, M Naves, A Xande, F Vallee, O Coppry

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Aux Antilles Frarn;aises, comme dans de nombreuses regions tropicales, les prairies naturelles et parcours occupent des surfaces importantes, principalement dans les zones seches. En Guadeloupe, ces paturages denommes « savanes » sont domines par la presence d'une graminee de valeur pastorale moyenne, le Dichanthium spp. Ils constituent la base des apports fourragers dans la plupart des exploitations orientees vers la production de viande bovine, basee sur des animaux de race locale Creole. Cependant le chargement est eleve et l'alimentation complementaire faible et irreguliere. La conduite de la reproduction est sommaire, avec des velages toute l'annee et aucune politique de sevrage …

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Variability Of A Tropical Savannah And Its Influence On Management Practices And Animal Weight Gains, R R. Vera, B Rivera, J H. Weniger Jun 2025

Variability Of A Tropical Savannah And Its Influence On Management Practices And Animal Weight Gains, R R. Vera, B Rivera, J H. Weniger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The savannah of the Colombian and Venezuelan plains have been relatively well studied from a floristic point of view and several major plant communities are recognized (Blydenstein, 1967). Nevertheless, the potential contribution of these plant communities to ruminant production have not been studied, except for the largest of these associations, that of the well­drained high savannah. Paladines and Leal (1979) have shown that it has low carrying capacity and sustains low levels of ani­mal production both per head and per animal, despite moder­ate levels of primary productivity. In effect, animal weight gains range from 70-90 kg head-1 and 18-40 kg …

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Distributions Of Yields And Nutritional Value In Native Pastures In South China, Zhiqiang Lai Jun 2025

Distributions Of Yields And Nutritional Value In Native Pastures In South China, Zhiqiang Lai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are about 40 millions ha of gqtzeable hill tussocky pastures in south China, generally with an elevation below 500 m and slopes between 6 to 30°. They are suited to ruminant animal husbandry with good rainfall, long growth period and a variety of high yielding plants. But most of the swards are improperly used and managed. This damages the pasture resources, and causes erosion due to overgrazing resulting in ecological unbalances and eventually, hazards the development of ruminant husbandry. The aim of this trial was, by studying the growth rhythm, seasonal distributions of the yield and nutritional value of …

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Influence De L'Intensite Du Paturage Sur Le Cycle De Vie Des Especes Ligneuses D'Une Garrigue Du Sud De La France, M Kawas, C Floret Jun 2025

Influence De L'Intensite Du Paturage Sur Le Cycle De Vie Des Especes Ligneuses D'Une Garrigue Du Sud De La France, M Kawas, C Floret

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Le present travail a eu pour but de mettre en evidence l'effet du paturage sur les especes vegetales spontanees de formations vegetales ligneuses (garrigues) au Nord de Montpellier (France). La zone d'etude est situee d'apres le climagramme pluviothermique d'Emberger, dans l'etage bioclimatique medi­terraneen humide a hiver tempere Q = 132,9 ; m = 2,6 °C ; M = 27,7 °C; p = 961,8 mm). Ces garrigues sur sol calcaire dur ont ete soumises depuis des millenaires a !'impact de l'homme. Exploitees depuis longtemps, pour le bois, la culture et le paturage, et souvent brfi.lees, !es garrigues sont devenues des formations …

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Year Round Protein Of Native Grasses Of Lesotho, C J. Goebel, G Seutloal, V Ramakhula Jun 2025

Year Round Protein Of Native Grasses Of Lesotho, C J. Goebel, G Seutloal, V Ramakhula

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rangelands of Lesotho are primarily located in the "sour veld " region of southern Africa. Percentagewise, the lands are cxtc11sive and furnish large quantities of forage for various type, of grazing animals. Detailed information upon nutritive qua I I ty of the native grasses would be of major benefit to assist in planning rotation grazing programs during critical periods or the year. In addition, there is a need for information of the nutrttional quality of introduced grasses to Lesotho's rangelands.

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Utilization De Parcours Par Des Ovins Laiteiers En Corse: Methodologie, Premiers Resultats, Florence Volaire, F Vallerand Jun 2025

Utilization De Parcours Par Des Ovins Laiteiers En Corse: Methodologie, Premiers Resultats, Florence Volaire, F Vallerand

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

En Corse, la deprise agricole du debut de ce siecle a favorise !'emergence et la multiplacation d'elevages en « extensification passive» qui, du fait d'une faible pression animale sur le milieu, ne permettent plus un controle de la dynamique vegetale (Per­net et Lenclud, 1977). Dans ce contexte ou le maquis progresse, la production herbacee spontanee est limitee et essentiellement printaniere. Les elevages ovins laitiers de semi-montagne pre­sentent ainsi un decalage chronique entre le cycle de la demande fourragere (maximum en automne-hiver du fait des mises-bas) et le cycle de l'offre permise sur parcours. Or ces derniers per­mettent de couvrir 90 …

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Introduction, Selection And Evaluation Of Annual Sown Forage Legumes Under Continental Mediterranean Climate Conditions In Pakistan, Asghar Ali, J.D H. Keatinge, B Roidar Khan Jun 2025

Introduction, Selection And Evaluation Of Annual Sown Forage Legumes Under Continental Mediterranean Climate Conditions In Pakistan, Asghar Ali, J.D H. Keatinge, B Roidar Khan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The upland areas (> 1000 m) of Baluchistan Province in Pakistan (Latitude 28-32° N) experience a continental semi­arid Mediterranean climate with some irregular additions of summer monsoonal rainfall. The current farming systems rely on the production of small ruminants from degraded Artemesia and Chrysapogon sp. rangeland and subsistence cropping of wheat/fallow rotations (Icarda, 1988). Sheep and goat numbers in Baluchistan have increased since 1955 from approximately two to thirteen million head in 1986 (Icarda, 1988). This has resulted in severely overgrazed rangelands and periodic acute feed deficits. In response the Arid Zone Research Institute has initiated a program for the …

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