Digital Commons Network^™

Sociohydrodynamics: Data-Driven Modeling Of Social Behavior, Daniel S. Seara, Jonathan Colen, Michel Fruchart, Yael Avni, David G. Martin, Vincenzo Vitelli

Data Science Faculty Publications

Living systems display complex behaviors driven by physical forces as well as decision-making. Hydrodynamic theories hold promise for simplified universal descriptions of socially generated collective behaviors. However, the construction of such theories is often divorced from the data they should describe. Here, we develop and apply a data-driven pipeline that links micromotives to macrobehavior by augmenting hydrodynamics with individual preferences that guide motion. We illustrate this pipeline on a case study of residential dynamics in the United States, for which census and sociological data are available. Guided by Census data, sociological surveys, and neural network analysis, we systematically assess standard …

Cybersecurity And Intention To Use Mobile Banking Applications, Ishmael Chikoo, Salah Kabanda

African Conference on Information Systems and Technology

The adoption rate of mobile banking amongst consumers remains low, especially in developing countries where there is a knowledge gap in understanding why consumers do not engage in the frequent use of mobile banking applications. Given that most financial institutions see mobile banking as a strategy for their competitive advantage; it is important that they understand how best to address consumer’s fears brought about by cybersecurity threats. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceived influence of cybersecurity on the user’s intentions to use mobile banking applications. Data collected from 90 participants was statistically analysed in Smart PLS …

Impact Of Mining Activities On Land Use Land Cover (Lulc) Using Geospatial Techniques In The Obuasi Municipality, Jonathan Arthur Quaye-Ballard, Samira Naa Yemoley Nsiah, Jephthah Marfo Nimoh, Titus Tienaah, Tina Dzigbordi Wemegah, Precious Adwoa Okyere

Publications

Introduction: Sustainable development, which balances economic, social, and environmental factors to meet the needs of the present and future generations, is a collective responsibility. Rapid population growth and intensification of socio-economic activities are causing significant changes in Land Use Land Cover (LULC), directly impacting ecosystem services, biodiversity, and climate. The Obuasi community is already facing environmental degradation and health problems due to gold mining.

Methodology: The study assessed the spatial extent and intensity of mining activities in the Obuasi Municipality on the LULC and predicted future LULC changes due to mining activities using geospatial techniques. The LULC changes were analysed …

A Comparison Of Diving Behavior Of Goose-Beaked And Dense-Beaked Whales From Tagging Studies In Multiple Ocean Basins, Jay Barlow, Robin W. Baird, Janelle Badger, Gregory S. Schorr, Erin A. Falcone, Shannon N. Coates, Peter L. Tyack, Andrew J. Read, Leigh S. Hickmott, John W. Durban, Diane Claridge, Natacha Aguilar De Soto, Daniel Miranda Gonzalez, Fleur Visser, Machiel G. Oudejans, Stacy L. De Ruiter, David A. Sweeney, Brenda K. Rone, Stephanie L. Watwood

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Studies of cetacean diving behavior in multiple locations in different ocean basins allow for an assessment of variability within and among populations. We examine foraging dive behaviors of goose-beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) and dense-beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) using data from 132 tagged whales in seven locations in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Acoustic recording tags are used to identify foraging dives by the presence of echolocation. For other tag types, foraging dives are identified based on maximum dive depth. Five parameters are used to characterize foraging dives: maximum dive depth, foraging dive duration, dive cycle duration, …

Behavioral Neuroscience Of Drug Addiction And Mental Disorder, Mona Muzammil, Muzammil Arshad, Washain Muzammil

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

This book explores the molecular, cellular, and neurocircuitry systems in the brain that are responsible for drug addiction. Common neurobiological elements are emphasized that provide novel insights into how the brain mediates the acute rewarding effects of drugs of abuse and how it changes during the transition from initial drug use to compulsive drug use and addiction. The book provides a detailed overview of the pathophysiology of the disease. The information provided will be useful for neuroscientists in the field of addiction, drug abuse treatment providers, and undergraduate and postgraduate students who are interested in learning the diverse effects of …

Engineering Protein Linkers For Optimized Telsam-Darpin Fusion And Crystallization With Electric Field-Based Polymer Orientation, Maria Jose Pedroza Romo

Theses and Dissertations

Fusing a variant of the sterile alpha motif domain of the human translocation ETS leukemia protein (TELSAM) to a protein of interest significantly enhances crystallization and diffraction quality. TELSAM is a pH-dependent, polymer-forming crystallization chaperone that, when covalently fused to a protein, forms a well-ordered crystal lattice. However, the success of this method depends on two factors: 1) the design of the linker connecting TELSAM to the target protein, which influences both crystal packing and target orientation, and 2) the prevention of TELSAM polymer flipping, a phenomenon that disrupts lattice periodicity and impairs structure determination. To address the first challenge, …

Oxidation Resistance And Osmotic Energy Harvesting Applications Of Reduced Graphene Oxide Forward Osmosis Membranes, Michael Appiah-Kubi

Theses and Dissertations

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) forward osmosis (FO) membranes have emerged as promising candidates for efficient wastewater management and osmotic energy harvesting, due to their enhanced chemical stability and superior FO performance for low-energy waste brine treatments, such as volume reduction of oxidative chromium brine for cost-effective disposal. This dissertation first examines the oxidation resistance of RGO forward osmosis membranes against chromate Cr (VI). Our findings reveal that both the water flux and the reverse salt flux of RGO membranes are suppressed, accompanying an enhanced reverse flux selectivity after exposure to an acidic medium of Cr (VI) (pH 2.0-7.0). Meanwhile, the …

Assessment Of Bat Species (Mammalia: Chiroptera) In Canubas Cave, Kibawe, Bukidnon, Philippines, Jurriel Mari D. Alce, Jasmine Rouida M. Abenes, Leo Gabriel Cervantes, Matthew Eli K. Llacer, Von Zhyrus P. Oche, Ian Jay P. Saldo, Jhovel Roy D. Calo

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Bats, flying mammals, are essential to ecosystems, playing vital roles in pollination, seed dispersal, and insect control. Despite their ecological importance, no prior bat research exists for Canubas Cave, Kibawe, Bukidnon. This study aimed to assess the bat species at the site, documenting their morphometric data, diversity and richness indices, and conservation statuses. A purposive sampling design was implemented by setting up mist nets inside and outside the cave. A total of 13 individuals were identified, comprising three species from two families: Rousettus amplexicaudatus and Eonycteris spelaea (family Pteropodidae, fruit bats), and Miniopterus schreibersii (family Miniopteridae, bent-winged bats). Based on …

Milkfish (Chanos Chanos) Bones As A Biosorbent For Mercury (Ii) Contamination In Water, Seth Uriel K. Neri, Ethan Kyle Mangao, Christian Kevin F. Redoblado, Anthony Cesar Y. Ponce, Roby Boy P. Riego, Jupiter O. Yap

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Heavy metals, such as mercury contamination in water sources are a major environmental and public health issue in many countries. Traditional methods for removing heavy metals from water are effective but often costly and unsustainable and may produce secondary waste. Recent trends favor more sustainable alternatives, such as biosorbents in treating water with heavy metals. Milkfish (Chanos chanos), a common fish in the Philippines, contains hydroxyapatite in the bones that can bind with heavy metals through physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms. This study aims to evaluate the mercury (II) reduction capacity of biosorbent derived from milkfish bones in water, specifically …

Holographic Scaling And Cosmological Correlators, He Li

Dissertations - ALL

It is well-established that the two-point correlator of a scalar field in AdS follows either of two scaling laws, ∆± =d/2 ± ν, where ν =Sqrt((d/2)^2+ m^2) is a function of the scalar bulk mass. The transition between these two scalings occurs in the renormalization group evolution from the UV to the IR of a dual 4D conformal theory deformed by a relevant double-trace deformation. In this thesis, we identify a new holographic scaling law, ∆UV = ν, in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence where there exists a UV cutoff brane. Specifically, when ν > 1, the ∆− scaling that …

Reducing Residential Landscape Water Use In Utah: Technologies And Strategies, Maya Cottam, Kendall Becker, Katlyn Stemmler, Shital Poudyal, Wesley Crump, Lewis Kogan, Scott Hotaling

All Current Publications

Water conservation is a critical issue in Utah, and several actions are already underway to help lower residential landscape water use. Strategies include smart irrigation controllers, efficient sprinkler bodies and nozzles, drip irrigation systems, soil amendments that increase water-holding capacity, and drought-tolerant grass cultivars for lawns. While additional conservation efforts will be necessary to reach sustainable water management, statewide adoption of current programs can help reduce water use and loss.

Tmco1 As An Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Load-Activated Channel: Mechanisms And Disease Implications, Jingbo Wang, Panpan Zhu, Zhuohang Li, Xiaohui Su, Mingzhu Qi, Aimin Zhou, Xiangying Kong

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a vital role in many biological processes. Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain 1 (TMCO1) has been characterized as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein in recent years. It keeps the cytoplasm and ER's Ca2+ homeostasis stable by acting as a novel calcium channel. Studies from different laboratories have revealed that the mutation or deficiency of TMCO1 is closely correlated with several diseases, including cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia (CFTD), glaucoma, premature ovarian failure (POF), osteoporosis, and cancer. Here, we review the characteristics of TMCO1 and its involvement in related diseases, which may provide useful information for developing therapeutic strategies for …

Efficient Decontamination Of Organophosphate-Based Pesticides And Nerve Agent Simulants Mediated By N-Containing Nucleophiles, Emmanuel Kingsley Darkwah, Puspa Aryal, Saidulu Todeti, Jared Kenik, Samuel Insall, V. Prakash Reddy, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

There is a growing interest in developing safer and more effective decontaminating agents for organophosphate-based pesticides and nerve agents. In this study, we present an effective method for the nonaqueous decontamination of these compounds using small-molecule-based decontaminating agents under ambient conditions. Our approach utilizes aryl and heteroaryl carboxaldehyde hydrazones and hydrazides to effectively hydrolyze nerve agent simulants into their nontoxic degradation products. The effectiveness of this method was evaluated using a range of nerve agent simulants, including dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP), dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP). In the presence of the heteroaryl hydrazone, the rate of hydrolysis …

Machine Learning Research On Time Series Data, Zeyi Fan

Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)

Time series generated by complex systems, such as industrial IoT and user behavior systems, confront two core challenges: structured missingness (e.g., continuous or periodic gaps) that disrupt temporal dependencies, and the difficulty in effectively modeling dynamic long- and short-term temporal dependencies inherent in evolving patterns (e.g., user interests). Traditional approaches struggle to balance the preservation of local dependency continuity and the rational association of global long-range dependencies in structured missing scenarios, often incurring high computational costs. In temporal pattern modeling, the lack of adaptive mechanisms to fuse evolving long- and recent behavior trends (e.g., stable interest inertia vs. short-term preference …

The Implications Of Insecure Use Of Fonts Against Pdf Documents And Web Pages, Junjie Xiong, Mingkui Wei, Xiao Han, Zhuo Lu, Yao Liu

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper identifies the importance of the safe use of fonts in web and document security. We find multiple attack surfaces that can be exploited by an adversary using malicious fonts. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of Portable Document Format (PDF) documents collected from the real world to investigate how an attacker can bypass PDF signatures. We further evaluate the potential security threats that an attacker can bring to web-based emails. Our study shows that various security issues may be caused by the inappropriate use of fonts, which are nevertheless overlooked in the past years. As such, guidelines promoting the …

Comprehensive Study Of Imidazole-Based Hydrazones: From Design, Synthesis, And Characterization To In Vitro And In Silico Antiproliferative Activity Analysis, Ömer Di̇lek

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The aim of this study was to synthesize novel imidazole-cored hydrazones and investigate their cytotoxic activities against human breast and lung cancer cell lines using in vitro and in silico techniques. For this purpose, 5 novel compounds (6 and 7a–7d) were synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxic effects were evaluated against human lung (A549) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. All synthesized compounds had higher cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50 < 9.262 μM) than the control drug cisplatin. However, their cytotoxic activity against A549 cells (IC50 > 2.605 μM) was lower than that of cisplatin. Except for compound 7d in the A549 cell line, …

Multimodal Representation Learning For Geospatial Soundscape Mapping, Subash Khanal

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Sound is one of the fundamental senses that helps us reason about our environment. There exists an intricate relationship between the visual appearance of a location and the distribution of sounds present there. We propose leveraging this relationship to formulate the task of soundscape mapping—predicting the most probable distribution of sounds that could be perceived at a given geographic location, as observed in its overhead imagery. To support research on this task, we curated a comprehensive dataset, GeoSound, which consists of geotagged audio recordings from various sources, paired with both low- and high-resolution overhead imagery. We approach the soundscape mapping …

Code Stories For Software Evolution, John Joseph Allen

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Programmers spend more than half of their time comprehending code, and in particular struggle to answer questions about the rationale, intent, and history behind software artifacts. Through this dissertation, I explore how history-aware tools can help programmers understand unfamiliar software artifacts. First, I investigated how providing additional context -- historical code changes grouped by the original developer's stated subgoals and the web foraging activity of the original developer impacted the process of code reuse. I found that programmers utilized these resources to 1) make better analogies between their reuse scenario and what code was already written, and 2) anchor into …

A Novel P–N Junction Uio-66/Agins2 For Photodegradation Of Enrofloxacin Under Visible Light, Sajedeh Sadat Hashemipoor, Reza Fazaeli, Hamid Reza Moghadam Zadeh, Mehdi Arjomand

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The formation of a heterogeneous junction between photocatalysts may be a potential solution for removing medicinal compounds from wastewater, which is crucial due to the environmental and health risks. The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of UiO-66/AgInS2 p–n junction photocatalyst—a Zr-based metal-organic framework—in degradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) antibiotic using visible light. UiO-66, AgInS2 (AIS), and UiO-66/AIS semiconductors were characterized using various techniques. The comparative analysis of particle structural parameters utilized diverse methodologies, and response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for the optimization of ENR degradation. The degradation kinetics of ENR were investigated. We identified UiO-66/AIS as a p–n …

Hindcasting The Occurrence Time Of Major Earthquakes Using Machine Learning And Time Series Analysis, Rubidha Devi D

Theses and Dissertations

An earthquake is an intense shaking of the ground that typically occurs when tectonic plates move beneath the surface of the Earth. Scientists analyze historical seismic records and geophysical and atmospheric signs to build models estimating the probability of major earthquakes by detecting patterns and anomalies in data such as ground deformation and seismic waves. This study would help in predicting earthquakes to minimize risks of people and buildings.

The present study investigates the devastating earthquakes along the Chilean subduction zone in South America, linking non-seismic data to machine learning predictions of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and Relative Humidity (RH) …

Rna’S Symphony: Harmonizing Splice Junctions And Exon Counts For A Novel Approach To Differential Splicing Analysis, Jelard Aquino

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Alternative Splicing (AS) plays a critical role in transcriptome complexity and cell-type-specific gene regulation, yet its analysis remains methodologically fragmented, especially in the context of noisy and sparse single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. This dissertation addresses key computational challenges in AS detection by evaluating existing tools, developing integrative frameworks, and proposing new strategies for improving analysis accuracy in both bulk and single-cell contexts. In chapter 1, I present a comprehensive literature review of computational tools designed for detecting and quantifying AS from bulk and scRNA-seq data. This review outlines major methodological paradigms, including exon-based and splice junction-based approaches, and evaluates …

Evaluating Nfl Quarterback Decision Making Through Tracking Data, Jesse N. Melville

Theses and Dissertations

Quarterback decision-making is one of the most critical determinants of success in the National Football League (NFL), yet traditional statistics fail to account for the spatial, temporal, and contextual factors influencing each play. This thesis proposes a data-driven methodology for evaluating quarterback decisions using NFL player tracking data from the 2022 season. We replicate and extend the DeepQB framework by training deep learning models to estimate expected completion probabilities and expected yards gained for each receiver at the moment of the throw. Our extension applies the approach to a newer dataset with additional contextual features, enabling a more detailed evaluation …

An Evidence-Based Intervention To Increase Trypanosoma Cruzi, A Neglected Parasitic Infection, Diagnosis In Rural And Moderate-Size-City Us Clinics, M K. Lynn, Hunter M. Boehme, Jeffrey Hall, Patrick Kent, Alain H. Litwin, Quang H. Pham, Melissa Nolan Ph.D., Mph, Prisma Chagas Team

Faculty Publications

Background

Chagas disease is a chronic, insidious parasitic infection (Trypanosoma cruzi) that slowly develops to irreversible organomegaly over several decades. The disease is traditionally acquired in endemic Latin American countries during childhood; < 1% of foreign-born adult residents in the United States have been diagnosed or treated with this potentially fatal disease. Low physician knowledge is a primary factor leading to misdiagnosis.

Methods

Starting in April 2022, a 4-part T cruzi clinical education intervention began, which included (i) 2 grand rounds presentations to >100 internal medicine providers; (ii) implementation of a “clinical Chagas champions program” incorporating 14 key clinical staff at varying departments and administrative levels educated on their specific role related to T cruzi screening, diagnosis confirmation, clinical management, and medical billing; ( …

Enhancing Sustainable Rice Production Through Organic Plus Fertilizer In Irrigated Paddy Fields, Oviyanti Mulyani, Emma Trinurani Sofyan, Ania Citraresmini, Benny Joy, Anne Yuliana Husen

Jurnal Kultivasi

Sustainable rice farming is increasingly threatened by declining soil fertility, excessive reliance on chemical fertilizers, and environmental degradation from intensive agricultural practices. There is an urgent need for innovative organic fertilizer products that combine organic materials with macro and micronutrient enhancements to restore soil health effectively. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of organic plus fertilizer (OPF) as a sustainable soil amendment to improve soil nutrient status, increase paddy productivity, and enhance overall soil health. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with nine treatments: one recommended OPF dose, six combinations of NPK (75 – 100%) …

Identification Of Alkynyl Nicotinamide Hsn748 As A Ret Solvent-Front Mutant Inhibitor With Intracranial Efficacy, Ujjwol Khatri, Neetu Dayal, Kofi B Owusu, Mandeep Kaur Hunjan, Shriya Pandey, Haley Anne Harper, Carli Mcmahan, Bennett D Elzey, Tao Shen, Xueqing Hu, Kurt W Evans, Ahmed El-Sheikh, Seong Jun Jo, Frederick W Holtsberg, M Javad Aman, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Sukyung Woo, Herman O Sintim, Jie Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

RET solvent-front G810C/R/S mutations confer resistance to the currently approved RET protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) selpercatinib and pralsetinib. Moreover, RET fusion-positive lung adenocarcinoma frequently metastasizes to the brain. To address these challenges, it is imperative to develop a RET TKI that is effective against solvent-front mutations and exhibits intracranial activity. We synthesized alkynyl nicotinamide-based RET TKIs and tested their efficacy in cell cultures in inhibiting selpercatinib/pralsetinib-resistant RET solvent-front mutants G810C/R/S found in cancer patients, and in BaF3/KIF5B-RET(G810C) cell-derived subcutaneous and intracranial tumors in vivo. We also evaluated alkynyl nicotinamide RET TKIs in KIF5B-RET-induced lung tumors in immune competent …

Digital Trading Platform Selection Under Neutrosophic Numbers And Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methodology: An Illustrative Example, Eman Sayed, Karam M. Sallam, Ibrahim Alrashdi

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Uncertainty, vagueness, and incomplete information are pervasive in real-world decision-making scenarios, particularly in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) contexts involving expert judgments. To address these challenges, this study introduces a comprehensive decision-making framework that integrates Triangular Neutrosophic Numbers (TNNs) with the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method. The framework begins by capturing expert evaluations using TNNs, which effectively represent the degrees of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity inherent in subjective assessments. These evaluations are then transformed into crisp values using a novel score function that preserves the embedded uncertainty. The resulting decision matrices are aggregated into a unified structure to ensure consistency …

Note For Quadripartitioned Neutrosophic Offset, Pentapartitioned Neutrosophic Offset, And Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic Offset, Takaaki Fujita

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Neutrosophic sets assign each element three independent membership values—truth, indeterminacy, and falsity—and their partitioned extensions introduce additional components subject to sum-bounded constraints. Notable examples include quadripartitioned, pentapartitioned, and heptapartitioned neutrosophic sets. The O set concept further extends this framework by allowing membership values outside the standard [0, 1] interval, including negative values and values exceeding one. In this paper, we introduce and analyze the Quadripartitioned Neutrosophic O set, Pentapartitioned Neutrosophic O set, and Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic O set. These extensions are intended to enhance the expressiveness of neutrosophic theory and to stimulate further research in neutrosophic and fuzzy uncertainty.

Some Properties Of Neutrosophic Cubic Hypersoft Sets, Lubna Nayab, Muhammad Gulistan, Fawad Hussain

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This study addresses the limitations of NCS in managing uncertainties associated with multiple attributes and their further bifurcation. To address this challenge, we propose a generalization of the neutrosophic cubic soft set, introducing the concept of "neutrosophic cubic hyper soft set." Within this framework, we define internal and external neutrosophic cubic hypersoft sets, along with operations such as P-intersection, P-union, P-restricted union, P-extended intersection, P-OR operator, P-AND operator, R-intersection, R-union, R-restricted union, R-extended intersection, R-OR operator, R-AND operator, complement, and relative complement of neutrosophic cubic hyper soft sets. The study explores and presents relevant results, demonstrating the enhanced capability of …

Application Of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis For Quantifying Responsibility In Ml-Based Intrusion Detection System, Mona Mohamed, Zekra Sakr

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

With the swift growth in Internet of Things (IoT), certifying secure and trustworthy networks has turned to be a critical challenge, particularly as IoT devices are increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated cyberattacks. As a remedy, intelligent intrusion detection systems (IDS) evolved as promising solutions in recent years, but deciding on the appropriate model remains difficult because of competing performance and trustworthiness criteria. To this end, this paper explores a novel application of an ML-augmented decision-making framework to enhance security-related decision-making in IoT environments. The framework systematically evaluates and ranks ML-based IDS systems according to different evaluation criteria with distinct trade-offs, including …

Efficacy Of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus And Its Metabolites To Mitigate The Risk Of Foodborne Pathogens In Hydroponic Nutrient Solution, Esther Oginni, Robin A. Choudhury, Veerachandra Yemmireddy

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Hydroponic nutrient solution (HNS) has been established as an ideal conduit for pathogen contamination and proliferation. This study evaluated the efficacy of lactic acid bacteria and their metabolites in mitigating the risk of foodborne pathogens in HNS when compared to conventional chemical treatments. Hoagland’s HNS were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions and inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, and Listeria innocua at 105 CFU/mL cell concentration. These nutrient solutions were subjected to treatment with various concentrations of Lactobacillus rhamnosus live cells, a cell-free extract (CFE) of L. rhamnosus metabolites, sodium hypochlorite and peroxyacetic acid at 22 ± 1 …