Digital Commons Network^™

Clustering Acoustic Backscatter In The Angular Response Space, Luciano E. Fonseca, Brian R. Calder

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Backscatter mosaicking is a necessary step in the analysis and interpretation of sidescan and multibeam sonar records. However, due to limitations intrinsic to the mosaicking technique, backscatter mosaics are restricted in their capacity to unambiguously discriminate seafloor properties. A more adequate technique to characterize the seafloor is the analysis of backscatter angular responses, since those responses are intrinsic properties of the seafloor. This technique sometimes lacks spatial resolution, however, as the analysis is limited to the swath width of the sonar. In this paper, we propose an approach to combine mosaicking and angular response analysis techniques in an attempt to …

Integrating Imagery From Hull Mounted Sidescan Sonars With Multibeam Bathymetry, F Pohner, J Bakke, O Nilsen, T Kjaer, Luciano E. Fonseca

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Multibeam echo sounders produce high quality bathymetric data, however, for acoustic imaging their alongtrack beamwidth is much wider than what is used on conventional sidescan sonars, so the imagery produced by sidescan sonars are of a better quality and are often preferred. A hullmounted combination instrument package that integrates both the accurate multibeam bathymetry and the high resolution sidescan imagery is an attractive and relatively low cost solution for detailed surveys of harbors, canals, rivers and other shallow areas. Especially in these shallow water areas the sidescan sonar benefits from being hull mounted rather than towed, since this arrangement is …

Tide Aware Enc: Demonstration Of An Operational Concept, Rick T. Brennan, Barry Gallagher, Jack Riley, Schwehr Kurt, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Google Earth Visualizations: Preview And Delivery Of Hydrographic And Other Marine Datasets, Kurt Schwehr, Briana M. Sullivan, James V. Gardner

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Existing hydrographic data analysis and visualization tools are very powerful, but lack easy access to web data management tools. Virtual globe software provides a gateway to a host of important data products in formats usable by specialized tools such as CARIS, Fledermaus, and Arc/Info. With virtual globe interfaces, users see complimentary and consistent geographic representations of available data in an easy-tonavigate format. We present a preview of visualizations that build upon virtual globe software. These examples are viewed in Google Earth, but could also be implemented in a number of alternative programs (e.g. NASA World Wind, Dapple, OSSIM Planet). We …

Lidar As A Shoreline Mapping Tool, Shachak Pe'eri, C. W. Morgan, William D. Philpot, G Guenther, Andy Armstrong

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Marine Heritage Monitoring With High Resolution Survey Tools: Scapamap 2001-2006, Brian R. Calder, Bobby Forbes, Duncan Mallace

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Archaeologically, marine sites can be just as significant as those on land. Until recently, however, they were not protected in the UK to the same degree, leading to degradation of sites; the difficulty of investigating such sites still makes it problematic and expensive to properly describe, schedule and monitor them. Use of conventional high-resolution survey tools in an archaeological context is changing the economic structure of such investigations however, and it is now possible to remotely but routinely monitor the state of submerged cultural artifacts. Use of such data to optimize expenditure of expensive and rare assets (e.g., divers and …

Application Of High-Precision Timing Systems To Distributed Survey Systems, Brian R. Calder, Rick T. Brennan, C Malzone, J Marcus, Peter Canter

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

In any hydrographic survey system that consists of more than one computer, one of the most difficult integration problems is to ensure that all components maintain a coherent sense of time. Since virtually all modern survey systems are of this type, timekeeping and synchronized timestamping of data as it is created is of significant concern. This paper describes a method for resolving this problem based on the IEEE 1588 Precise Time Protocol (PTP) implemented by hardware devices, layered with some custom software called the Software Grandmaster (SWGM) algorithm. This combination of hardware and software maintains a coherent sense of time …

Proposed Ais Binary Message Format Using Xml For Providing Hydrographic-Related Information, Schwehr Kurt, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

UNH is working with the USCG and NOAA to use XML (Extensible Markup Language) to define binary messages for maritime-based AIS (Automatic Identification System). A draft specification format is under development that will enable hydrographic and maritime safety agencies to encode AIS message contents by providing a bit-level description in XML (informally known the "AIS Binary Message Decoder Ring"). An AIS binary message definition in XML specifies the order, length, and type of fields following a subset of that used by the ITU-R.M.1371-1. The specification is independent of programming language (e.g., can be implemented in C, C++, C#, Java, Python, …

High Resolution Mapping In Support Of Unclos Article 76: Seeing The Seafloor With New Eyes, James V. Gardner, Larry A. Mayer, Andy Armstrong

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Since 2003, the Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) has been conducting multibeam mapping of many U.S. continental margins in areas where there is a potential for an extended continental shelf as defined under Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. UNH was directed by Congress, through funding by the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, to map the bathymetry in areas in the Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Northwest Atlantic, northern Gulf of Mexico, the Northern Mariana Islands, Kingman Reef and Palmyra Atoll …

Development Of Iho S-100: The New Iho Geospatial Standard For Hydrographic Data, Lee Alexander, Michael Brown, Barrie Greenslade, Anthony Pharaoh

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Multi-Algorithm Swath Consistency Detection For Multibeam Echosounder Data, Brian R. Calder

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

It is unrealistic to expect that any single algorithm for pre-filtering Multibeam Echosounder data will be able to detect all of the “noise" in such data all of the time. This paper therefore presents a scheme for fusing the results of many pre-filtering sub-algorithms in order to form one, significantly more robust, meta-algorithm. This principle is illustrated on the problem of consistency detection in regions of sloping bathymetry. We show that the meta-algorithm is more robust, adapts dynamically to sub-algorithm performance, and is consistent with operator assessment of the data. The meta-algorithm is called the Multi-Algorithm Swath Consistency Detector.

An Ideal Approach To Global Warming, Hannah Lee Varn

Inquiry Journal 2007

No abstract provided.

Where Science And Art Meet, Gillian Graham

Inquiry Journal 2007

No abstract provided.

Assessing Bottom Gear Impact In The Wgom Closure Area: A Multifaceted Approach, Mashkoor A. Malik, Larry A. Mayer

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Mashkoor Malik presented the results of a UNH Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM) study of the seafloor of the WGOMCA.

Objectives The objectives for the CCOM study were to:

• Construct a bathymetric map of Jeffrey’s Ledge to serve as a framework for subsequent studies.

• Test the potential use of multibeam sonar to monitor fishing gear impacts.

• Determine if it is possible to observe closure impacts with multibeam sonar.

Role Of Coronal Mass Ejections In The Heliospheric Hale Cycle, M. J. Owens, Nathan A. Schwadron, N. U. Crooker, W. J. Hughes, Harlan E. Spence

Physics & Astronomy

[1] The 11-year solar cycle variation in the heliospheric magnetic field strength can be explained by the temporary buildup of closed flux released by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). If this explanation is correct, and the total open magnetic flux is conserved, then the interplanetary-CME closed flux must eventually open via reconnection with open flux close to the Sun. In this case each CME will move the reconnected open flux by at least the CME footpoint separation distance. Since the polarity of CME footpoints tends to follow a pattern similar to the Hale cycle of sunspot polarity, repeated CME eruption and …

Cube User's Manual, Brian R. Calder, David E. Wells

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Aerosol Major Ion Record At Mount Washington, E V. Fischer, L D. Ziemba, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb, Robert J. Griffin, L Husain, A N. Grant

Earth Sciences

This study examined the seasonal cycles and regional-scale meteorological controls on the chemical properties of bulk aerosols collected from 1999 to 2004 at Mount Washington, the highest peak in the northeastern United States. The concentrations of NH₄⁺ and SO₄²⁻ peaked during summer months. The pattern for aerosol NO₃⁻ was more complicated with relatively high median concentrations characterizing spring and summer months, but with major elevated events occurring during fall, winter, and spring. The seasonal relationship between NH₄⁺ and SO₄²⁻ indicated that during warmer months a mixture of (NH₄) …

Intellectual Property Management In Health And Agricultural Innovation: A Handbook Of Best Practices, Vol. 2, Anatole Krattiger, Richard T. Mahoney, Lita Nelsen, Jennifer A. Thomson, Alan B. Bennett, Kanikaram Satyanarayana, Gregory D. Graff, Carlos Fernandez, Stanley Kowalski

Law Faculty Scholarship

Prepared by and for policy-makers, leaders of public sector research establishments, technology transfer professionals, licensing executives, and scientists, this online resource offers up-to-date information and strategies for utilizing the power of both intellectual property and the public domain. Emphasis is placed on advancing innovation in health and agriculture, though many of the principles outlined here are broadly applicable across technology fields. Eschewing ideological debates and general proclamations, the authors always keep their eye on the practical side of IP management. The site is based on a comprehensive Handbook and Executive Guide that provide substantive discussions and analysis of the opportunities …

The Wend Concept For Worldwide Enc Database - Past Or Future? A Review Of Progress And A Look To The Future, Horst Hecht, Abri Kampfer, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

A Surprise Occurrence In Acoustic Bottom Backscatter Measurements Conducted In The Eastern Bering Sea, Lloyd C. Huff, Luciano E. Fonseca

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Acoustic backscatter measurements at different frequencies were made in the eastern Bering Sea in August 2006 from the NOAA Ship Fairweather. The measurements consisted of approximately 2,250 nm of trackline acoustic backscatter data from a 100 kHz RESON model 8111; 2,250 nm of trackline acoustic backscatter data from a 40 kHz Reson model 8160; 750 nm of trackline acoustic backscatter data from a 455 kHz Klein model 5410; and 750 nm of trackline acoustic backscatter data from a 180 kHz pre-production Klein model 7180. The two Klein systems were each towed SW-NE once along the same specified 750 nm of …

European - North American - Russian Federation Inland Enc Harmonization Group, Anthony R. Niles, Bernd Birklhuber, Lee Alexander, Peter Kluytenaar, Vladimir Sekachev

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

In 2003, the Inland ENC Harmonization Group (IEHG) was formed to agree upon specifications for Inland ENCs that are suitable for all known Inland ENC data requirements for safe and efficient navigation in European and North American inland waterways and rivers. In 2004, the IEHG expanded to include Russian Federation. It is expected that South America will join IEHG in the near future. The overall framework for international Inland ENC standards includes: - Use IHO S-57 Edition 3.1 ‘maritime’ ENC Product Specification, where applicable. - A minimum Inland ENC Product Specification that includes mandatory requirements for safety-of-navigation on inland waterways, …

Predicting Magnetopause Crossings At Geosynchronous Orbit During The Halloween Storms, R. E. Lopez, S. Hernandez, M. Wiltberger, Chia-Lin L. Huang, E. L. Kepko, Harlan E. Spence, C. C. Goodrich, J. G. Lyon

Physics & Astronomy

[1] In late October and early November of 2003, the Sun unleashed a powerful series of events known as the Halloween storms. The coronal mass ejections launched by the Sun produced several severe compressions of the magnetosphere that moved the magnetopause inside of geosynchronous orbit. Such events are of interest to satellite operators, and the ability to predict magnetopause crossings along a given orbit is an important space weather capability. In this paper we compare geosynchronous observations of magnetopause crossings during the Halloween storms to crossings determined from the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry global magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the magnetosphere as well to predictions …

Ais Binary Message Format Using Xml To Provide Hydrographic-Related Information, Kurt Schwehr, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Some Peer-To-Peer, Democratically And Voluntarily Produced Thoughts About 'The Wealth Of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets And Freedom,' By Yochai Benkler, Ann Bartow

Law Faculty Scholarship

In this review essay, Bartow concludes that The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom by Yochai Benkler is a book well worth reading, but that Benkler still has a bit more work to do before his Grand Unifying Theory of Life, The Internet, and Everything is satisfactorily complete. It isn't enough to concede that the Internet won't benefit everyone. He needs to more thoroughly consider the ways in which the lives of poor people actually worsen when previously accessible information, goods and services are rendered less convenient or completely unattainable by their migration online. Additionally, the …

Intellectual Property Management In Health And Agricultural Innovation: Executive Guide, Anatole Krattiger, Richard T. Mahoney, Lita Nelsen, Jennifer A. Thomson, Alan B. Bennett, Kanikaram Satyanarayana, Gregory D. Graff, Carlos Fernandez, Stanley Kowalski

Law Faculty Scholarship

Prepared by and for policy-makers, leaders of public sector research establishments, technology transfer professionals, licensing executives, and scientists, this online resource offers up-to-date information and strategies for utilizing the power of both intellectual property and the public domain. Emphasis is placed on advancing innovation in health and agriculture, though many of the principles outlined here are broadly applicable across technology fields. Eschewing ideological debates and general proclamations, the authors always keep their eye on the practical side of IP management. The site is based on a comprehensive Handbook and Executive Guide that provide substantive discussions and analysis of the opportunities …

Intellectual Property Management In Health And Agricultural Innovation: A Handbook Of Best Practices, Vol. 1, Anatole Krattiger, Richard T. Mahoney, Lita Nelsen, Jennifer A. Thomson, Alan B. Bennett, Kanikaram Satyanarayana, Gregory D. Graff, Carlos Fernandez, Stanley Kowalski

Law Faculty Scholarship

Prepared by and for policy-makers, leaders of public sector research establishments, technology transfer professionals, licensing executives, and scientists, this online resource offers up-to-date information and strategies for utilizing the power of both intellectual property and the public domain. Emphasis is placed on advancing innovation in health and agriculture, though many of the principles outlined here are broadly applicable across technology fields. Eschewing ideological debates and general proclamations, the authors always keep their eye on the practical side of IP management. The site is based on a comprehensive Handbook and Executive Guide that provide substantive discussions and analysis of the opportunities …