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Identification And Evaluation Of Antibacterial Compounds From The Vibrio Sp. Associated With The Ascidian Pycnoclavella Diminuta, Abdurraafi’ Maududi Dermawan, Elin Julianti, Masteria Yunovilsa Putra

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

This study aims to obtain secondary metabolites that have antibacterial activity from bacteria endophytic of ascidian Pycnoclavella diminuta collected from the coast of Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research was started with screening antibacterial activity of six bacteria isolated from P. diminuta. The active bacteria were selected for identification using standard biological molecular method and further fermentation to produce secondary metabolites. The isolation of secondary metabolites was conducted by various chromatography method and then selected fraction was based on the antibacterial activity from bioautography results. The result showed that the active isolate by coding M2.Tnk.Bt 5.10-3.2 was identified as Vibrio …

Research News. Publications, 2019. Volume 4, University Of Mississippi. School Of Pharmacy, Soumyajit Majumdar

Publications (2015-)

Publications that appeared during the period October 1 through December 31, 2019

Molecular Serotype-Specific Identification Of Non-Type B Haemophilus Influenzae By Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, Chika Takano, Yoko Kuramochi, Mitsuko Seki, Dong Wook Kim, Daisuke Omagari, Mari Sasano, Bin Chang, Makoto Ohnishi, Eun Jin Kim, Kazumasa Fuwa, Paul E. Kilgore, Tomonori Hoshino, Satoshi Hayakawa

Department of Pharmacy Practice

In children, the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis has decreased since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7 and PCV13). However, since the introduction of the vaccine, developed countries have seen the emergence of non-PCV13 serotypes. However, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by PCV13-targeted serotypes still represents an important public health problem in resource-limited countries. To develop a rapid, simple, and cost-effective assay to detect serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, we developed a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay based on the sequences available for the 13 capsular types that are included in PCV13: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 A, 6B, …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Long Acting Darunavir Prodrugs, Mary Banoub

Theses & Dissertations

Patient adherence is critical for ART success to ensure adequate viral suppression, therefore, long-acting antiretrovirals are soon replacing current daily regimens. In recent years, two drugs were successfully transformed into long-acting injectables; CAB LA and RPV LA. These long-acting nanoformulations made it possible to abandon the daily pill burden, instead approximately a bimonthly injection of both drugs is enough to suppress and maintain viral load suppression. Our laboratory has been instrumental in transforming FDA-approved and experimental-HIV medications into long-acting slow effective release drugs, also known as LASER ART. LASER ART consists of slow drug metabolism and high permeability and retention …

Theranostics For Antiretroviral Biodistribution And Pharmacokinetics, Brendan M. Ottemann

Theses & Dissertations

RATIONALE: Our laboratories birthed the field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) theranostics. The new field allows simultaneous detection (diagnostics) and treatment (therapeutic) for the identification, treatment and inevitable elimination of virus in cell and tissue compartments. By employing theranostics, antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) can be tracked in lymph nodes, gut, spleen and liver. Cellular viral reservoirs including CD4+ T cell populations and mononuclear phagocytes (MP; monocytes, macrophages, microglia and dendritic cells) along with subcellular endosomal structures can now be targeted for drug delivery bringing therapeutics to areas where virus replicates. The overarching idea rests in improving precision targeted ARV delivery. …

Engineering Hyaluronic Acid For Biomedical Applications, Deep S. Bhattacharya

Theses & Dissertations

This work presents research using the naturally available non- sulfated carbohydrate glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA) for the synthesis of different chemical derivatives of HA for evaluation of binding kinetics with CD44 and P- selectin proteins for applications in fluorescence image-guided surgery. Chemical derivatives of HA such as deacetylated HA (deHA), sulfated HA (sHA), and deacetylated and sulfated HA (s-deHA) were synthesized by modulating sulfating and deacetylating reagents to alter binding specificities to CD44. Modified HA derivatives and CD44 biophysical interactions were assessed by fluorescence polarization. In silico techniques were also used to determine binding using molecular docking and MM-PBSA approaches. …

Identification Of More Potent And Efficacious Analogs Of The Novel Host-Derived Immunostimulant Ep67, Abdul Alshammari

Theses & Dissertations

EP67 is a human C5a-derived decapeptide agonist of C5a Receptor 1 (C5aR1/CD88) that selectively activates mononuclear phagocytes over neutrophils to stimulate protective innate and adaptive immune responses while potentially minimizing neutrophil-mediated toxicity. Two N-alkyl amino acids Pro⁷ and N-methyl-Leu⁸ (nme-Leu⁸) within EP67 induce structural changes that increase potency and selective activation of mononuclear phagocytes over neutrophils. Cis/trans isomerization at these positions, however, likely limits the activity of EP67 and low coupling efficiency between Pro⁷ and nme-Leu⁸ increases scale-up costs for clinical use. Thus, the goals of this study were to …

Impact Of Prevnar (Pcv13) Vaccine Recommendations In Pediatric And Immunocompetent Adults 65 Years And Older: What Are The Benefits And Risks?, James E. Watkins, Anne Marie Thibodeaux, John C. Darnell

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Background:

2000: PCV7 becomes the first FDA approved pneumococcal vaccine for pediatrics
2010: PCV13 recommended in pediatrics
2014: PCV13 recommended in immunocompetent adults 65+
2018: CDC looked at data since 2014 recommendation
2019: PCV13 now shared clinical decision-making

Does Dispensing Naloxone Kits To High-Risk Patients At The Time Of Emergency Department (Ed) Discharge Reduce The Burden Of Subsequent Overdose-Related Care?, Steven D. Perry, Charleen Gnisci, Rachel Beham

Emergency Medicine

Purpose: The rates of opioid-related overdose and death have remained at or near historically high levels despite reform in pharmaceutical opioid prescribing trends. This study will determine if a recently implemented protocol which aims to provide high-risk patients with naloxone emergency kits at the time of ED discharge has reduced the need for subsequent overdose-related care to a greater degree than providing the same patients with written outpatient naloxone prescriptions. Patients currently receive either intervention upon discharge from the ED based on a protocolized, criteria-based, provider-implemented decision-making tree that identifies patients at high risk for subsequent overdose.

Methods: This study …

Impact Of Required Antibiotic Stop Dates And Indications On Length Of Treatment In Hospitalized Patients With Pneumonia, Amanda Haddad, Kathryn Hernando, Kayihura Manigaba, Abigail Antigua

Infectious Disease

Purpose: The CDC Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs recommends implementing policies to support optimal antibiotic prescribing including documentation of dose, duration and indication. On January 31, 2017, the study institution implemented new physician order entry screens in the electronic health record requiring the input of indication and duration on all antibiotic orders. The objective of this study is to determine if implementation of mandatory indication and duration for antibiotic orders decreases antibiotic duration of therapy in hospitalized patients with pneumonia.

Methods: This study was submitted to the Institutional Review Committee for approval. The clinical pharmacy surveillance platform, …

Outbreak Of Ebola Virus Disease, Alexandra Dimit, Tiffany Kneuss, Joelle Farano, Haley Armstrong, Jodi Otte, Andrew M. Roecker

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Ebola virus disease (EVD) has existed as a major health concern with devastating and, many times, fatal symptoms. The recent outbreaks of EVD in West Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have incited international concern. In this article, the implications of EVD will be discussed including the etiology, transmission, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. In addition to this discussion, the manner in which major health care organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), are dealing with treating infected patients and containing spread of the disease will be covered.

Recent Advances Spark Significant Guideline Change: Antiretroviral Therapy (Art) At High Cd4+ Counts In The Treatment Naïve Patient, Joshua Ilenin, Kelly Fargo, Lisa Berni, Kristen Thatcher, Caitlin Swann, Andrew Roecker

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets CD4+ lymphocytes, a critical component to proper functioning of the human immune system. HIV is a significant public health concern, having resulted in over 27 million deaths since its discovery. Currently, several different treatment options exist, with combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the forefront. Despite the success of ART therapy, there are number of problems, including poor patient compliance. Due to this, the appropriate time to initiate therapy in the treatment naïve patient is under continuous scrutiny. Recently, several trials have demonstrated evidence suggesting that initiating ART at high CD4+ counts in the treatment naïve …

Integrating Pharmacist Involvement Into A Student-Led, Peer-Reviewed Journal, Crystal Zheng, Nicole A. Mcelroy, Karen L. Kier

Pharmacy Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Expert Search For "Antibiotics For The Urgent Management Of Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis, Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis, And Localized Acute Apical Abscess", Kelly K. O'Brien

Expert Search Strategies

This search strategy was constructed to support the research for the peer reviewed article listed above. Full article abstract:

Background

Patients with pulpal and periapical conditions often seek treatment for pain, intraoral swelling, or both. Even when definitive, conservative dental treatment (DCDT) is an option, antibiotics are often prescribed. The purpose of this review was to summarize available evidence regarding the effect of antibiotics, either alone or as adjuncts to DCDT, to treat immunocompetent adults with pulpal and periapical conditions, as well as additional population-level harms associated with antibiotic use.

Type of Studies Reviewed

The authors updated 2 preexisting systematic …

Drug Interactions With Antimalarial Medications In Older Travelers: A Clinical Guide, Jelena Lewis, Tania Gregorian, Ivan Portillo, Jeff Goad

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Increasingly older adults are traveling to international destinations with malaria as a present risk. Surveillance systems indicate that older adults are more likely to suffer severe complications from malaria. The role of health care providers in selecting an appropriate medication for chemoprophylaxis or treatment of malaria in adults becomes more difficult as older adults undergo physiologic changes that alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic nature of medications potentially causing increased drug interactions, adverse events, and altered drug action. A comprehensive literature search from 1970 to present, with a focus on the last 10 years, was conducted on drug interactions, pharmacokinetic and …

Using Community Pharmacy Immunization Screening Forms To Identify Potential Immunization Opportunities, Albert T. Bach, Jeffery A. Goad

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Immunization screening forms are completed for each patient that is to be vaccinated in the pharmacy. Screening forms contain demographic and health questions, which are used to determine if a patient is contraindicated to receive a vaccine. The objective is to determine if patient responses to questions on these forms can be used to identify potential vaccine indications. De-identified data was retrospectively collected from 11 community pharmacies in California and Michigan that included basic demographics, answers to immunization screening questions, and vaccine(s) administered during that visit. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations were used to forecast vaccine needs …

Improving Medication Information Presentation Through Interactive Visualization In Mobile Apps: Human Factors Design, Don Roosan, Yan Li, Anandi Law, Huy Truong, Mazharul Karim, Jay Chok, Moom Roosan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Despite the detailed patient package inserts (PPIs) with prescription drugs that communicate crucial information about safety, there is a critical gap between patient understanding and the knowledge presented. As a result, patients may suffer from adverse events. We propose using human factors design methodologies such as hierarchical task analysis (HTA) and interactive visualization to bridge this gap. We hypothesize that an innovative mobile app employing human factors design with an interactive visualization can deliver PPI information aligned with patients’ information processing heuristics. Such an app may help patients gain an improved overall knowledge of medications.

Objective: The …

Summary Of The International Patient Safety Conference, June 28-29, 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal, Deepak C. Bajracharya, Kshitij Karki, Chhiring Yangjen Lama, Rajesh Dhoj Joshi, Shankar Man Rai, Sudhakar Jayaram, Amit Tomer, John Zervos, Mohammad Imran Khan, Arjun Sapkota, Madan Kumar Upadhyaya, Paul E. Kilgore

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Globally, medical errors are associated with an estimated $42 billion in costs to healthcare systems. A variety of errors in the delivery of healthcare have been identified by the World Health Organization and it is believed that about 50% of all errors are preventable. Initiatives to improve patient safety are now garnering increased attention across a range of countries in all regions of the world. From June 28--29, 2019, the first International Patient Safety Conference (IPSC) was held in Kathmandu, Nepal and attended by over 200 healthcare professionals as well as hospital, government, and non-governmental organization leaders. During the conference, …

A Baker's Dozen Of Top Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention Publications In 2018, Elias B. Chahine, Spencer H. Durham, Krutika N. Mediwala, Daniel B. Chastain, Timothy P. Gauthier, Brandon K. Hill, Bruce M. Jones, Jamie J. Kisgen, Ashley H. Marx, Kayla R. Stover, Marylee V. Worley, Christopher M. Bland, P Brandon Bookstaver

Faculty Publications

With an increasing number of antimicrobial stewardship-related articles published each year, attempting to stay current is challenging. The Southeastern Research Group Endeavor (SERGE-45) identified antimicrobial stewardship-related peer-reviewed literature that detailed an actionable intervention for 2018. The top 13 publications were selected using a modified Delphi technique. These manuscripts were reviewed to highlight the actionable intervention used by antimicrobial stewardship programs to provide key stewardship literature for teaching and training as well as to identify potential intervention opportunities within one's institution.

Combatting The Opioid Epidemic In Texas By Holding Big Pharma Manufacturers Liable, Katherine Spiser

St. Mary's Law Journal

Abstract forthcoming

An Update On Pharmaceutical Strategies For Oral Delivery Of Therapeutic Peptides And Proteins, Nirnoy Dan

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Peptides and proteins are imperative for the human body and play crucial roles in governing various bio-chemical processes. Recent advances in molecular biology and biochemistry helped in understanding the role of these endogenous macromolecules in different pathological and disease conditions. Currently, small molecule drugs (< 900dalton) in comparison to the therapeutic peptides and proteins-based drugs (TPP) dominate pharmaceutical market. However, the game is changing with the recent advances of biotechnological tools like recombinant DNA technology, solid phase protein synthesis etc., which enabled large-scale production of therapeutic peptides and proteins. The Success of Human Insulin, the first FDA approved commercial recombinant protein based therapeutic in 1982, revolutionized the field of TPPs. The number of FDA approved TPPs reached about to ~239 in 2017 compared to where it was only ~130 in 2008. Rapid progress in this sector can be attributed to several advantages of proteins and peptides over small molecule drugs both financially and clinically. From a clinical perspective, proteins and peptides are inherently more specific to the target site than the small molecules drugs, which lead to less interferences with normal biological system of the patient and caused minimal off-target side effects. A handful of proteins which are used for different clinical complications are less immunogenic because they are produced in the body naturally. Furthermore, proteins and peptides also take part in several complex and complicated biological processes, which is difficult to be to be mimicked by the small molecule drugs. From a financial standpoint, median total pre-market development times were shorter for biologics (10.6 years) than the small molecules drugs (12.6 years) estimated using Merck Index. In 2009, US Congress passed the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (BPCIA) which gave new biologics 12 years of guaranteed exclusivity. The most commonly utilized routes for administering TPPs are I.V, I.P or I.M injections, which largely suffer from patient compliances. There are ~350 TPPs under clinical development and among them only 2 are given orally which is Interferon-α and Human growth hormone. Currently, most efforts in both industry and academia are centered around enhancing bioavailability of orally administered TPPs which typically are less than 1%. Oral administration is the non-invasive, most preferred route of drug administration for the patients. Furthermore, oral dosage forms are cheaper to manufacture as well as to administer, because they do not need to be produced under sterile conditions or administered in clinics. However, unfavorable physicochemical characteristics of TPPs like high molecular weight, hydrophilicity, poor stability in the physiological conditions, short biological half-life, low permeability through the epithelial barrier in the small intestine put up a massive barrier in the development of orally available dosage forms of TPPs. In this review, we will discuss the challenges associated with oral delivery of TPPs and the ongoing efforts to solve them.

2103. Emergency Department (Ed) Stewardship: Stratifying Ed Sepsis Order Sets By Penicillin (Pcn) Allergy Severity, Mary L. Staicu, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Allison Ramsey, Kelly Conn, Kristin Woodring

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Background:

The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines recommends administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics within 1 hour of sepsis diagnosis; electronic order sets drive antibiotic selection with pre-populated regimens based on the suspected infectious indication. Given the low rate of cephalosporin cross-reactivity in patients with a PCN allergy, we modified our ED sepsis order set (Images 1 and 2) to include cephalosporin options in patients with reported mild-to-moderate PCN reaction histories. This was a single-center, retrospective analysis evaluating the impact of this change on antibiotic prescribing and associated outcomes.

Methods:

An electronic medical record (EMR) report identified patients ≥18 years of age with …

172. Risk Factors For 30-Day Mortality In Patients With Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia At A Community Hospital: A Prospective Case–Control Study, Charles Hoffmann, Gordon Watkins, Patrick Desimone, Peter Hallisey, David Hutchinson, Stephen Colodny, Jeffrey Burkey, Amanda Michael, Jo-Anne Klein, Christina Welc

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Background:

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is associated with 30-day all-cause mortality rates approaching 20–30%. The purpose of this case–control study was to evaluate risk factors for 30-day mortality in patients with SAB at a community hospital.

Methods:

As part of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) initiative mandating Infectious Diseases consultation for episodes of SAB, our ASP prospectively monitored all cases of SAB at a 341-bed community hospital in Jefferson Hills, PA from April 2017–February 2019. Cases included patients with 30-day mortality from the initial positive blood culture. Only the first episode of SAB was included; patients were excluded if a …

Sterile Compounding: Regulations Addressed After The Meningitis Outbreak Of 2012, Kelly M. Dye, Tara M. Tokar, Halle M. Orlinski, Heather Helsel, Marcia M. Worley

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

No abstract provided.

Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs, Kevin Stack, Eric Stack, Stelios Theophanous, Anne Gentry, Jason M. Pogue

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) are becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States as concerns continue to mount regarding antimicrobial resistance and the lack of new, novel antibiotics being introduced. There are a multitude of factors that have contributed to the escalation in antimicrobial resistance, with some of the more common concerns being overly broad antimicrobial coverage and prolonged antimicrobial treatment amongst others. While antimicrobial resistance is a problem of international proportion, each health care institution remains responsible for assessing its own protocols pertinent to antimicrobial usage. ASPs have had unparalleled success in achieving their goals due to the collaboration of …

Antibiotic Stewardship And Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance In Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Katherine Elsass, Austin Hilverding, Steve Blake, Brendan Rasor, Steven N. Leonard

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Antibiotic resistance has rapidly become one of the most significant challenges facing modern health care. Despite widespread public education efforts by the national government and health organizations worldwide, there remains a significant lack of public understanding of antibiotic resistance, how to prevent it and the implications if the science and health care communities fail to find a solution. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American College of Physicians (ACP) recently published updated guidelines for appropriate antibiotic use in upper respiratory tract infections. These guidelines include several key recommendations for acute bronchitis, pharyngitis and acute rhinosinusitis (including …

Legionnaires' Disease, A Rising Occurrence In The United States, Jennifer Harklerode, Olivia Henton, Myranda Smith, Rebecca Worden, Andrew Roecker

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Legionella pneumophila, a microscopic bacterium usually responsible for a number of illnesses and fatalities, can eliminate a local population, a region or even a nation. In 1976, L. pneumophila was first discovered due to a number of cases presenting with pneumonia-like symptoms. These cases occurred in an isolated population attending an American Legion convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, therefore lending to the name Legionella. Usually found in aquatic environments such as lakes, streams, cooling towers, air conditioning systems and hot tubs, its ability to thrive in artificial and natural environments makes it an ideal bacterium. L. pneumophila can be transmitted via …

Improving Healthcare Costs And Patient Outcomes Across Healthcare Professions, Hannah Lamb, Jourdan Ujlaki, Paige Torbet, Isabel Cwikla, Rebecca Worden, Michael Rush

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Healthcare professionals must be aware of the importance of preventive medicine and the responsibility they have in contributing to it. There are three levels of preventive medicine that a healthcare professional can provide based on the patient population that is receiving care and the goals of the particular service. Preventive medicine has the ability to improve both overall healthcare costs and have a positive impact on a patient's quality of life. All healthcare professionals have the potential to fulfill a role in each level of preventive medicine, and should understand the role of each member of the healthcare team, to …

Zika Virus Induced Neurological Disorders And Impacts On Public Health, Alexandra Herman, Martha Zimmerman, Olivia Vanscoy, Olivia Henton, Lindsey Peters

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Zika virus is a public health emergency of international concern. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that is carried by the Aedes genus. Zika is spread through direct bite and nonvector transmission. Most individuals infected with Zika will be asymptomatic, but some may present nonspecific viral symptoms. A rising number of neurological disorders in newborns whose mothers were infected with ZIKV during pregnancy have been reported due to recent outbreaks. Neurological disorders affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems and can result from bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infections of the nervous system or from the immune response …

Zika Virus: Infectious Process And Public Health Response, Morgan Homan, Julia Dickman, Jenna Deininger, Austin Hopkins, Olivia Henton, Steven N. Leonard

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

The Zika virus has become a growing concern as a global pandemic. Since being identified in Uganda in 1947, the virus has spread around the world, recently emerging in South America with a great impact on Brazil. As of 2016, Zika has made its appearance in the United States and is now actively being transmitted in Florida. The virus is a mosquito-vectored flavivirus primarily transmitted by the Aedes mosquito which infects a human through biting. Transmission through sexual intercourse is also possible as well as transmission from a pregnant woman to her fetus. This latter form of transmission presents the …