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Near-Bottom Seismic Profiling: High Lateral Variability, Anomalous Amplitudes, And Estimates Of Attenuation, R. C. Tyce, Larry A. Mayer, F. N. Spiess

Affiliate Scholarship

For almost a decade the Marine Physical Laboratory of Scripps Institution of Oceanography has been conducting near‐bottom geophysical surveys involving quantitative seismic profiling. Operating initially at 4 kHz and more recently at 6 kHz, this system has provided a wealth of fine scale quantitative data on the acoustic properties of ocean sediments. Over lateral distances of a few meters, 7‐dB changes in overall reflected energy as well as 10‐dB changes from individual reflectors have been observed. Anomalously high amplitudes from deep reflectors have been commonly observed, suggesting that multilayer interference is prevalent in records from such pulsed cw profilers. This …

Volume 4, Number 10 (October 1980), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

An Analysis Of Residential Water Demand Schedules In Arkansas, Richard K. Ford, Joseph A. Zieger

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Water has held man's interest for centuries, and a considerable body of knowledqe has been developed about this subject, but it has only been considered only recently by decision makers in an economic sense. Because water is required to sustain life, the thought of its being an economic good to individuals has not been considered applicable or "fair" by those individuals who are concerned with its acquisition and distribution. Moreover, water has been in fairly abundant supply relative to demand for most of the country. However, as this situation is upset by increases in population and water use, a realization …

Distribution Of Trace Elements In A Warm Water Release Impoundment, J. Nix

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A detailed water quality survey (including trace metals) was conducted on DeGray Reservoir in south west Arkansas from 1969 through 1975. The results of this investigation are used to describe physical and chemical processes which affect the concentration of many of the constituents found in the reservoir and river system. Detailed dissolved oxygen profiles as well as turbidity (% transmittance) profiles were useful in delineating the movement of water through the reservoir. Underflows, innerflows, and overflows were observed during different seasons. The development of a metalimnetic dissolved oxygen minima appears to be related to advective transport within the metalimnion. Metalimnetic …

Hydrographic Observations In The Georgia Bight (April 1979), S. R. Lansey, L. P. Atkinson

CCPO Publications

During a cruise in the Georgia Bight in April 1979, an onshore-offshore hydrographic section of thirteen stations was repeated thirteen times. Four additional onshore-offshore hydrographic sections were completed north and south of the main section. Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient (N0₃, PO₄, and Si0₂) data were collected.

Two spin off eddies were observed at the Gulf Stream front at the shelfbreak. These eddies resulted in the upwelling of nutrient-enriched North Atlantic Central Water. A period of downwelling was observed between the two upwelling events. The cycling between upwelling and downwelling was relatively rapid. …

The Distribution Of Cesium-137, Copper, Lead And Zinc In Various Sedimentary Environments Of The James River Estuary, Virginia, Colin Stevenson Moy

OES Theses and Dissertations

Ten grab samples and eight cores were obtained within a short stretch of the James River estuary. The distribution of CU, Pb, Zn, Cs-137, organic carbon (TOC) and fine-grained sediments in various depositional environments were examined. Within the past quarter of a century, these measured parameters have been accumulating preferentially in the low energy environment (Burwell Bay). The inventory of Cs-137 in the cores was linearly related to the inventory of heavy metals and TOC. The concentrations of Cs-137 in the surface sediments vary linearly to those of the other parameters suggesting that Cs-137 may be used as a tracer …

Volume 4, Number 9 (September 1980), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Mass Marking Of Mosquitofish: Preliminary Results, Bruce Vondracek, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Joseph J. Cech Jr.

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Three marking techniques were tested to determine their applicability for mosquitofish. Tetracycline drugs and DC Ar administered in the diet successfully marked laboratory-cultured mosquitofish, but exposure to direct sunlight in outdoor tanks resulted in the rapid disappearance of the marks. Preliminary data on fluorescent marks from a polystyrene pigment in a melamine-sulfonamide-formaldehyde resin forced into the dermal ,tissue with compressed air are more promising.

A t an optimal deliver pressure of 7.3 m Hg (140 p.s.i.) and spraying time of 15 sec., marking percentage is maximized and fish mortality is minimized. Mark retention time was up to 80 days in …

Effect Of Fish Size On Prey Size Selection In Gambusia Affinis, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Joseph J. Cech Jr., James Compton

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Food size selection of the mosquitofish , Gambusia affinis affinis. was measured in aquaria using juvenile stages of the mosquito, Clllex tarsalb;, as prey. Fish size varied from recently born fry to large adult females. Food size selection was positively correlated with fish size. Mosquitofish fry (6-8 111m standard length) attacked and ate primarily first and second instar larvae. Fry attacked larger instars, but attack success on these was low (0 - 50%). Fish larger than 20 mm attached primarily pupae and third and fourth instar larva. No first instar mosquitoes were eaten. Attack success for these fish was above …

A Five Year Water Research Plan For The State Of Arkansas, Robert E. Babcock

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The present economy and quality of life in Arkansas have largely been determined by our natural resources and the way they have been used. Likewise, insuring a sound economic future and a healthful environment in the state will depend on the efficiency and the wisdom with which nature's gifts are managed in the future. As the state's population grows and places new demands on finite resources, the need for effective resource management becomes increasingly critical. Often, a history of plenty can lead to the belated recognition of emerging resource problems. In Arkansas, such is the case with the state's water …

Water Quality Aspects Of Coal Transportation By Slurry Pipeline, James W. Moore

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The research program was designed to accomplish three major objectives. These were tot 1) identify and characterize the water quality changes that will occur as a result of the movement of western coal by slurry pipeline; 2) determine the feasibility of utilizing poor (impaired) quality water, such as municipal and industrial effluents, as the slurry medium, and: 3) determine the treatment measures applicable for restoring the slurry wastewater quality to acceptable levels, if required. The focus of the research program was generic rather than specific for any particular pipeline. Consequently, the emphasis was on establishing general ranges of data rather …

Technical And Legal Considerations Immanent In The Disposal Of Commercial Nuclear Waste, Margaret D. Davidson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

There is, currently, a flurry of activity as the present Administration, along with the United States Department of Energy and the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, struggles to develop a comprehensive national program for the management and disposal of radioactive wastes. The first section of the paper deals with some of the inherent technical issues. This includes a review of the origin of nuclear wastes; the hazards of the wastes, including impacts upon the biological environment; and the extent of the state of the art for disposing of such wastes. The second section is an attempt to review the scope …

Volume 4, Number 8 (August 1980), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Volume 4, Number 7 (July 1980), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

First Preliminary Report Of The Gabex-1 Cruises: Station Logs, Standard Sections And Maps And Time Series Transects, Larry P. Atkinson, James J. Singer, William S. Chandler

CCPO Publications

Research progress is reported in studies of the oceanography of the South Atlantic Bight during the spring transition period. Volume II contains the preliminary cruise report.

Coherence Between Wind And Current Events In A Nearshore, Shallow Water, Wave Dominated Environment, George Milton Hecker

OES Theses and Dissertations

Five days of observation were made of the current at four depths in a water depth of eight meters, and accompanying record of local wind one-half Kilometer from shore at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Coastal Engineering Research Center field facility at Duck, North Carolina beginning five May 1978. The current was measured with a state-of-the-art electromagnetic current meter having a 0.2-second response time and an accuracy of (+/-) 2 centimeters per second. At each depth a ten-minute record was made each hour with a sampling interval of one-eighth second. The frequency components of the record were analyzed and …

The Effects Of Elevated Calcium Chloride And Magnesium Chloride Levels On Larval Growth And Survival Of Macrobrachium Rosenbergii (De Man) (Decapoda Palaemonidae) Reared In The Laboratory, James Thomas Michaels Ii

OES Theses and Dissertations

The effects of elevated CaCl₂ , MgCl₂ , combination CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ concentrations and their associated ionic strengths on larval growth and survival of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii were investigated in the laboratory. Larvae were reared in diluted seawater of 15 parts per thousand salinity with elevated calcium concentrations of 330 parts per million and elevated magnesium concentrations of 1275 parts per million. Control larvae were also reared with elevated NaCl concentrations to duplicate the ionic strength increases of the combination CaCl₂ - MgCl₂ test solution which had the highest ionic strength. A …

The Effects Of Salinity On The Growth And Survival Of The Crayfish, Procambarus Actus Actus (Girard), Emily Deaver

OES Theses and Dissertations

The white river crayfish, Procambarus acutus acutus was tested in low salinity water for growth and survival. Thirty animals were placed in each test pool at O, 4 and 8 ppt and grown for 75 days. Growth was defined as increase in carapace length and wet weight. Crayfish grew at a faster rate and had the lowest mortality at 4 ppt. Water hardness, defined as the total concentration of calcium and magnesium expressed as the calcium carbonate equivalent, ranged from 35 mg/1 to 195 mg/1. Pools of crayfish tested at concentrations of approximately 100 mg/1 total hardness exhibited the best …

Volume 4, Number 6 (June 1980), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Dynamic Model Of The Zone Of Aeration, Robert N. Maccallum, R. A. Sims

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A mathematical model by Green (1), simulating one-dimensional vertical ground-water movement in unsaturated soils of the prairie region of Kansas, has been adapted for use in a wetlands environment typified by the wetlands forest of Eastern Arkansas. The model consists of two second-order, non-linear, partial differential equations and an algorithm for their numerical solution. The original model was extended to include functions for seasonal changes in transpiration and for drainage of excess precipitation. Before the addition of the two functions, the model reliability was limited to one growth season. With the mathematical model presented in this work it is possible …

Effects Of Changes In Surface Water Regime And/Or Land Use On The Vertical Distribution Of Water Available For Wetland Vegetation: Dynamic Model Of The Zone Of Aeration (Appendix To Part 1 Of Completion Report For Project A-023-Ark), Robert N. Maccallum, R. A. Sims

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Appendix to Part 1 of Completion Report for Project A-023-ARK

Effects Of Changes In Surface Water Regime And/Or Land Use On The Vertical Distribution Of Water Available For Wetland Vegetation: Portable Environmental Data Logger And Sensors (Part Ii Of Completion Report For Project A-023-Ark), Robert N. Maccallum, R. A. Sims

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

An instrumentation and recording package and several transducers were constructed and used to collect data on the environmental parameters thought to affect wetland vegetation growth and reproduction. These parameters were temperature, humidity, wind velocity, depth of water table, and amount of surface water. The data were collected four times a day and recorded on a magnetic cassette tape that could record for as long as 90 days. The tapes were read and the data were converted to engineering units by a microcomputer-based instrument constructed for that purpose.

Portable Environmental Data Logger And Sensor, Robert N. Maccallum, R. A. Sims

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

An instrumentation and recording package and several transducers were constructed and used to collect data on the environmental parameters thought to affect wetland vegetation growth and reproduction. These parameters were temperature, humidity, wind velocity, depth of water table, and amount of surface water. The data were collected four times a day and recorded on a magnetic cassette tape that could record for as long as 90 days. The tapes were read and the data were converted to engineering units by a microcomputer-based instrument constructed for that purpose.

Effects Of Changes In Surface Water Regime And/Or Land Use On The Vertical Distribution Of Water Available For Wetland Vegetation: Dynamic Model Of The Zone Of Aeration (Part 1 Of Completion Report For Project A-023-Ark), Robert N. Maccallum, R. A. Sims

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A mathematical model by Green, simulating one-dimensional vertical ground-water movement in unsaturated soils of the prairie region of Kansas, has been adapted for use in a wetlands environment typified by the wetlands forest of Eastern Arkansas. The model consists of two second-order, non-linear, partial differential equations and an algorithm for their numerical solution. The original model was extended to include functions for seasonal changes in transpiration and for drainage of excess precipitation. Before the addition of the two functions, the model reliability was limited to one growth season.

Influence Of Las Vegas Wash Density Current On Nutrient Availability And Phytoplankton Growth In Lake Mead, John R. Baker, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

Density currents are commonly formed in reservoirs because of temperature or salinity induced density differences between inflowing and receiving waters. Anderson and Pritchard (1951) were among the first to demonstrate this in their investigations of density currents in Lake Mead. They found that the Colorado River formed an underflow in Lake Mead during the winter, an overflow in the spring and an interflow in the summer and fall. Wunderlich and Elder (1973) have since described the hydromechanics of these types of flow patterns, and density currents have been reported for several other large reservoirs (Carmack et al. 1979, Johnson and …

Nutrient Interactions Among Reservoirs On The Colorado River, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker

Publications (WR)

Interactions among physical, chemical and biological processes in reservoirs can significantly alter the characteristics of the discharge (Neel 1963, Wright 1967, Hannan 1979) that, in turn, can influence the ecology of the river downstream .(Ward and Stanford 1979). Investigations of the Colorado River, system reveal that reservoir-induced changes in the river can also affect downstream reservoirs. The formation of Lake Powell, in 1963 was accompanied by reductions in suspended sediment and nutrient loading and changes in the seasonal temperature and discharge cycles of the Colorado River. In this paper, we evaluate how these changes have influenced the nutrient and trophic …

A Model For Calculating Desert Aerosol Turbidity Over The Oceans From Geostationary Satellite Data, Carl C. Norton, Frederick R. Mosher, Barry Hinton, David W. Martin, David Santek, William Kuhlow

Publications

A technique has been developed to infer the optical thickness of Saharan dust from Synchronous Meteorological Satellite (SMS) brightness measurements at visible wavelengths. The scattering model consists of an air layer, a dust layer and a lower boundary of variable albedo. Single-scatter properties of the dust computed from Mie theory were the basis for calculations by plane-parallel theory of radiative transfer in the dust layer. Radiative interactions between air and dust layers and the lower boundary were calculated with an adding version of the doubling scheme. Optical thickness was determined from satellite brightness measurements through a lookup table produced by …

The Future Of Coastal Zone Management: The 1980 Amendments, Kenneth J. Buckland

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (P.L.98-583) is currently being questioned on its validity, purpose, funding, wording, and accomplishments in carrying out national policies for the benefit of the U.S. coastal zones. All the legislation promulgated for management of coastal resources, the agencies involved in coastal zone management, and the groups participating in these actions have been challenged in recent months and have subsequently been evolving in their functions. What remedies are available and how they could be realized through the present federal laws and organizational structure are areas which must be discussed now if we are to …

State - Federal Relations In The Siting Of Nuclear Power Plants: Towards Greater State Authority, Walter A. Cooper

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The accident at the Three Mile Island (TMI), Pennsylvania nuclear powered electrical generating plant on March 28, 1979 has promoted a great deal of concern and interest in the future of nuclear power in the United States. Such concern is manifested by the unofficial moratorium imposed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) on the granting of new permits for the construction and operation of nuclear plants until the problems presented by the accident at TMI have been addressed. The NRC felt that the accident, at the very least, warranted consideration of a formal moratorium on plant licensing. Although a formal …

Volume 4, Number 5 (May 1980), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.