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Simultaneous Functional Hermaphroditism In The Shrimp Hippolysmata Wurdemanni (Gibbes) (Decopoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae), Marie Hollister Bundy

OES Theses and Dissertations

The caridean shrimp Hippolysmata wurdemanni Gibbes was studied from a histological and a behavioral basis and was found to be a protandric hermaphrodite which later adopts simultaneous functional hermaphroditism. When the animal reaches a certain size, the androgenic gland degenerates, the male secondary sexual characteristics are lost, and vitellogenesis occurs in the anterior portion of the gonad. The animals do not lose the ability to function as males as evidenced by the presence of mature sperm in the gonad and the gonadal lumen of gravid shrimp, and the ability of both members of an isolated pair of shrimp to repeatedly …

The Effect Of Crowding On Growth Of The Cichlid Fish, Oreochromis Mossambicus, Bonnie A. Barrows

OES Theses and Dissertations

It has been reported that the Java tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, displays hypersensitivity to a substance it produces when biomass levels in a flow-through culture system exceed 20 g/1, resulting in reduced growth and high mortality. Experiments on the growth of this species in small tanks were conducted in order to determine whether O. mossambicus produces a growth-inhibiting compound under crowded conditions. This species was successfully maintained at biomass levels of 38 g/1 and 57 g/1 with a total mortality of only 4.5%.

The Java tilapia can grow rapidly in small aquaria, as indicated by the data taken during Experiment …

Volume 7, Number 6 (June 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

A Systematic Study To Reduce Trihalomethane Precursors In Little Rock Drinking Water By Combined Alum Coagulation-Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment, Ali U. Shaikh

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Studies have been conducted to evaluate powdered activated carbon (PAC) as an agent for controlling trihalomethanes in drinking water. Laboratory studies indicate that PAC is highly efficient in removing free trihalomethanes in water within a few hours. The removal efficiency of humic acid, a known THM precursor, by PAC is considerably less. However, longer treatment time can remove the precursors quite significantly. Humic substances in surface water samples can also be removed by PAC.

The Law Of The Sea: International Law Implications Of The U.S. Refusal To Sign The Treaty, Richard D. Coogan

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study is undertaken to show the impact of the international law aspects of the Law of the Sea Treaty as they relate to the U.S. failure to sign the Treaty. The U.S. has embarked on a course of action, by its refusal to sign the Treaty, that can have major impact on day-to-day national policy issues as they relate to international law governing a state's behavior. The U.S., in refusing to sign the Treaty because of the deep seabed provisions, and yet claiming other provisions as reflecting customary law, is probably correct as viewed in today's realities.

The Effect Of The Endangered Species Act Of 1973, Robert Palmer Yankle Ii

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Scrimshaw, as an art form, had just recently risen a few notches above the state of obscurity. There are still millions of Americans who probably know nothing about it. Inextricably linked with the whaling industry for years, the scrimshaw industry has recently undergone a remarkable transition. When whaling ended in the United States, scrimshaw moved ashore and some people found out that there was a great deal of money to be made in the scrimshaw business. but with the passage of the Marine Mammals Protection Act in 1973, scrimshanders found themselves being tightly regulated by the Federal government. This paper …

Artificial Floating Islands: Cities Of The Future, Earl A. Proetzel

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This report will investigate the feasibility of large-scale artificial floating islands, to solve problems posed by over-population and environment-burdening activities in coastal areas. The investigation will focus on the historic, technical, utilizable and legal aspects of artificial floating islands. Although this report exemplifies artificial floating islands developed for offshore cities, electrical power generation and basing for the military, its content is applicable to any offshore floating development.

Volume 7, Number 5 (May 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Sewage Pollution In The White River, Arkansas On Benthos And Leaf Detritus Decomposition, Arthur V. Brown, Lawrence D. Willis, Peter P. Brussock

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Recently there has been much emphasis placed on the importance of leaf detritus processing to the energetics of stream invertebrates. This study was designed primarily to assess the effects of municipal effluent on the ability of a stream community to utilize leaf detritus, and secondarily to evaluate the extent of the pollution of the White River by the Fayetteville, Arkansas effluent discharge. Physical and chemical water quality, benthos, and fish were sampled periodically at one station upstream and two stations downstream from the discharge, and in the Richland Creek tributary. Processing of leaf detritus was studied at each site using …

Chemistry Of The Springs Of The Ozark Mountains, Northwestern Arkansas, Kenneth F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Three lead-zinc mineralized areas of northern Arkansas were selected to study the effect of mineralization on ground water chemistry. The Ponca area has the largest amount of lead sulfide mineralization, the Zinc area has a significant amount of zinc silicate and zinc sulfide; whereas, the Rush area has zinc carbonate and zinc sulfide. A total of 143 samples were collected from these areas and analyzed for general water chemistry parameters including heavy metal The water quality of the area is generally good; however, a few springs exceed the drinking water standards for ammonia, nitrate, iron, manganese and lead. The surface …

A Practical Guide To Admiralty Law For The Seagoing Naval Officer, John Edward Walters

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Daily there are hundreds of United States Navy vessels operating in foreign, international and domestic waters. The knowledge of admiralty law possessed by the officers on these vessels is extremely limited. Prospective Commanding Officers of Navy vessels are trained in areas of international and maritime law, but not in cases involving admiralty. If a United States naval vessel is involved in an admiralty incident, the only recourse the Commanding Officer has is to contact his superior and wait for word from the Staff Judge Advocate representative. It is not necessary for Commanding Officers to be experts on admiralty matters in …

An Examination Of The Ability Of The U.S. Merchant Marine To Perform Its Mission During Peacetime And Various Contingency Situations, Paul Michael Molloy

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The maritime transportation industry is an extremely important one for the United States today. Strategic materials are mostly carried by ships; thus, our economy, and to some extent our national defense, depend on the secure and efficient operation of the maritime transportation industry. Anything which could adversely impact on the continued operation of shipping is a matter of grave concern. The hypothesis of this paper is that the U.S. Merchant Marine is currently unable to perform its peacetime or wartime mission. The methodology will be to examine the missions to be performed by the Merchant Marine during the different situations …

U.S. Flag Merchant Vessels For The Future: Many Requirements For A Limited Resource, Donald R. Ditko

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Decline in military useful ships is one indication of the general decline in the U.S. merchant marine since the massive Liberty and Victory programs of World War II. As the statistics in Part II will show, the U.S. flag merchant marine is facing possible nonexistence if a resurgence is not realized within this decade. Numbers of ships is only a small part of a complicated problem, however. A more serious question is the idea of a militarily useful hull.

Disposal Of Household Wastewater In Soils Of High Stone Content (1977-1980), E. M. Rutledge, C. R. Mote, M. S. Hirsh, H. D. Scott, D. T. Mitchell

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Two experimental septic tank filter fields were constructed with built-in monitoring equipment in Nixa soils. These soils contain many chert fragments and a fragipan about 60 cm deep which restricts downward water movement and is the design-limiting feature. The standard filter field (76 cm deep) was built into the fragipan and the modified standard filter field (30 cm deep) was placed above it. During 30 months' observation, the modified standard performed better than the standard filter field. Maximum rise of effluent in the standard and modified standard came within 11 and 19 cm of the soil surface, respectively. Performance of …

Causes Of Localized Copper Corrosion In Drinking Water Supplies, R. A. Sims, R. W. Raible

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Excessive amounts of copper have been observed in drinking water at certain installations on Lake DeGray and at isolated locations in the Arkadelphia area of Arkansas. A study of these installations was conducted to determine the source of the copper contamination. The supply water was very low in copper and therefore dissolution of the copper plumbing caused by low water pH and long residence times was determined to be the most probable source.

Soviet Predatory Practices In The U. S. Liner Trades: Strategy And Prospects, Daniel D. Thompson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The impressive growth of the Soviet Merchant Marine during the past two decades. and its anticipated future expansion have given rise to questions concerning the likely future impact of that fleet on world shipping and the relative importance of maritime commerce to the Soviet Union itself. U.S. owners and regulatory bodies have, along with other Western owners and shipping bodies, consistently pointed an accusing finger at the Soviets for attempting to capture more than a fair share of general cargo tonnage in the world liner market. Charges of predatory Soviet rate cutting practices have been widely advertised by American operators …

Volume 7, Number 4 (April 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Cargo Preference: Bitter Pill For The U.S. Public Or Pillar Of Strength For The U.S Merchant Marine?, Rand D. Lebouvier

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Leading with a brief discussion of the need for federal aid in general, the background, impact, and prospects for the future of cargo preference will be examined. It will be demonstrated that federal aid, particularly in the form of Cargo Preference, is required to maintain the merchant marine. It will also be demonstrated that federal aid and policy in its present form is not sufficient to promote growth. There needs to be significant improvement in this area if the maritime industry is to become a successful and vital force once again. Though cargo preference comprises only one part of the …

Impact Of The Law Of The Sea Treaty On The Soviet Fishing Industry, Gary Lee Roemmich

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The signing of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) Treaty was the maturation of an idea that was born thirty-six years ago. That treaty placed into effect the 200 mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ). A universal 200 mile EEZ could be a death knell for the high-seas fishing fleets we know today as the majority of the major fishing grounds lie within 200 miles of the coast. The Soviet Union presently has the largest fishing fleet in the world and will perhaps feel the largest impact from the treaty signing. This paper intends to evaluate …

Causes Of The Decline Of The Merchant Marine And Prospects For Renewal Under Current Federal Maritime Policy, William A. Tait

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to identify, with particular emphasis on federal maritime policy, the reasons why the merchant marine and maritime industry of the United States have so dramatically declined in size, capacity, and competitiveness in recent years.Current and proposed government policy, particularly that of the Reagan Administration, will be examined along with viewpoints of representative maritime industry sectors to assess the prospects for solving the problems that plague the merchant marine. Finally, recommendations will be offered which are considered most likely to improve the vitality of the merchant marine.

Redevelopment In Jacksonville Beach, Florida: A Coastal Zone Management Perspective, Keith E. Falt

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to provide the community leaders and the concerned citizens of Jacksonville Beach, Florida with an understanding of the issues involved with development of the beachfront of that community. Too often development projects are planned and implemented with those responsible unaware of many of the factors which will impact the success of the project. The unusual qualities of the shoreline mandate careful consideration.

A Study Of Increased Flow Off The Eastern Seaboard Of The United States Within Four Synoptic Flow Patterns During The Winter Months, John Dale Liechty

OES Theses and Dissertations

A study of increased winds during the winter season off the United States Eastern Seaboard was made in each of four synoptic flow patterns: prefrontal; postfrontal; northeast; and southerly. Eight years of synoptic data for the months October through March from two pairs of stations were utilized. Each pair consisted of one land and one sea station; of the sea stations, Frying Pan Light was located in or near the warmer water of the Gulf Stream while Chesapeake Light was situated in colder, coastal water. Both land stations were situated in the vicinity of the coast.

A statistical analysis was …

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels In The Ocean Scallop (Placopecten Magellanicus) Gmelin From The Philadelphia Sewage Sludge Disposal Site, Guy Jeffrey Hall

OES Theses and Dissertations

Ocean Scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) were sampled from stations in and around the Philadelphia Disposal Site. Each sample was dissected and aliquots of adductor muscle and reproductive tissue were chemically extracted for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). A perchlorinated procedure outlined by Diosady et al., 1972, Aromour, 1973 and Crist et al., 1977 was employed to increase detection levels and simplify quantitation of PCBs. PCB levels were reported in dry weight and lipid weight of both adductor muscle and reproductive tissue. Findings indicated residual levels or PCB/lipid weight increased as lipid levels decreased in both tissue types. Levels detected in all adductor muscle …

Input And Distribution Of Sewage Derived Sedimentary Material Adjacent To Chesapeake-Elizabeth Sewage Outfall, Virginia Beach, Virginia, Robert Carroll Brown

OES Theses and Dissertations

The concentrations of coprostanol and hydrocarbons were measured in the effluent from the Chesapeake-Elizabeth sewage treatment plant and surface sediments from the area surrounding the effluent discharge site. Most of the coprostanol (>84%) and hydrocarbons (>91%) were associated with particulates in the effluent. Some of these particles were incorporated into the sedimentary column within the study area, while some may have escaped from the area.

The study area is found to be a dynamic area where changes in the percentage and distribution of fine-grained sediments occur over periods of months. The movement of fine-grained sediments is an important …

Variability Of Atmospheric Hydrocarbon Concentrations And Deposition Rates, Charles Thomas Farmer

OES Theses and Dissertations

The atmospheric hydrocarbon concentration was determined at various locations throughout Southeastern Virginia from July 1981 to February 1983. During this period the concentration ranged from 0.4 to 5.5 μg/m³ . From October 1982 to February 1983, WET and dry deposition samples were collected in conjunction with these air samples. Total hydrocarbon dry deposition rates ranged from deposition rates ranged from 4 to 189 μg/m² /day, while WET 22 to 670 μg/m² /day. Hydrocarbon concentrations found were within the ranges reported in the literature for wet, dry and atmospheric hydrocarbon concentrations.

Linear trend analysis revealed no correlation between …

Volume 7, Number 3 (March 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Evaluation And Accessing Of Data For A Water Resources Simulator, Richard C. Peralta, Roberto Arce, Timothy Skergan

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

This report evaluates the availability of data needed to use a groundwater simulation model for real time conjunctive water management in the Arkansas Grand Prairie. It is assumed that the goal of such management is to protect existing groundwater rights by maintaining water levels so that wells do not go dry, even in time of drought. Sufficient hydrogeologic data exists to use the simulation model to predict the effect of known pumping rates on groundwater levels. Developing an optimal set of "target" levels and annually managing pumping to achieve those levels requires additional data: fall groundwater levels, degree of connection …

Expansion Potential For Irrigation Within The Mississippi Delta Region, Robert N. Shulstad, Ralph D. May, Jon Mark Erstine, Blake N. Phillips, Billy E. Herrington Jr.

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

17.6 million acres, or 73 percent, of the Mississippi Delta Region is currently cropland and possesses the physical characteristics of slope, texture and soil type which are recommended for irrigation. Economic feasibility of expanding irrigation by flood, furrow and center pivot methods were examined under 24 scenarios representing two sets of crop prices, yield levels, production costs, opportunity costs and six crop rotations. Irrigation was economically feasible for 56 to 100 percent of the cropland across all scenarios. Approximately 88 percent of the cropland can be economically irrigated with flood or furrow in its present form, 8 percent yield highest …

The Costs And Benefits Of Soil Erosion Control In The North Lake Chicot Watershed, Robert N. Shulstad, C. Tim Osborn, Alan D. Mcqueen

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Lake Chicot is divided by a levee into two basins, the high quality northern basin and the extremely polluted southern basin. Water quality in the northern basin of Lake Chicot is diminishing due to soil erosion. Costs for alternative control programs for the seventeen fare, 11,470 acre northern watershed were estimated. Twenty-nine combinations of rotations and best management practices were evaluated. Soil loss can be reduced almost 25 percent from 4.2 tons per acre to 3.2 tons per acre, while increasing net returns to farmers from $83.94 per acre to $107.28 per acre by altering present cropping patterns. A prohibition …

Nutrients And Acid In The Rain And Dry Fallout At Fayetteville, Arkansas (1980-1982), George H. Wagner, Kenneth F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Wet and dry fallout at Fayetteville, Arkansas have been collected separately and analyzed since April, 1980. The precipitation-weighted-average pH for two yearly periods of rainfall were 4.72 (6/80-5/81) and 4.75 (6/81-5/82). This corresponds to a concentration of the acid ion, H+, of about 18 parts per billion (ppb). Pure water in equilibrium with the CO2 of the air would have a pH of 5.65 (2.2 ppb of H+). The range of pH during this two year period was 3.86-7.74(140-0 ppb H+) for the rainfall. Aqueous extracts of the dry fallout were always in the 6.75-7.87 pH range, i.e., neutral to …