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Winds Over Water: A Bibliography, Janet M. Witte

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

This bibliography was compiled as an outgrowth of the Satellite Surface Stress (S3) Working Group, which was sponsored by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from the fall of 1982 to the spring of 1984 (Contracts NAS5-26714 and 956773). I wish to thank the Working Group Chairman, Dr. James J. O'Brien, for providing me with the impetus to compile this work. I also wish to thank the other members of the Working Group for adding their moral support (as well as many of the references).

Fourier Series Analysis Of The Relationship Of Morphologic Variations And Bathymetry In Recent Bolivina (Foraminiferida) From The Northwestern Gulf Of Mexico, Anthony Cavedo Gary

OES Theses and Dissertations

Automated video digitization and closed-form Fourier series analysis were used to investigate the applicability of benthic foraminiferal test morphology for paleo-bathymetric/paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Sample relationships and harmonics with the greatest power for discriminating between samples were determined using canonical discriminant analysis. Samples were eleven short cores obtained from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Three species of Bolivina were analyzed, B. albatrossi, B. lowmani, and B. subspinescens.

Results show populations of Bolivina albatrossi from the upper bathyal and upper-middle bathyal zones to have more triangular tests and lobulate chambers than lower-middle and lower bathyal zone populations. Specimens of Bolivina subspinescens …

The Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Larvae Of Sympatric Pagurid Hermit Crabs (Decapoda, Anomura) In Virginian Estaurine And Coastal Waters, Philip Wesley Sadler

OES Theses and Dissertations

Thirteen stations were occupied at two - week intervals from May through September 1980 within the York River, lower Chesapeake Bay depths encompassing the entire water column.

Three species of pagurids were identified: Pagurus longicarpus, P. pollicaris, and P. annulipes. The larvae of P. annulipes had not been previously identified from Virginian waters. The shapes of the antennae of P. pollicaris and P. annulipes weredistinctive, allowing rapid identification of these larvae. The shapes of the uropods were found to be useful in distinguishingthe glaucothoe· of P. longicarpus from P. annulipes. The larvae of these species …

The Prospects Of The Kra Canal, Pannarai Chuapibul

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The controversies over the prospects of the Kra Canal persuade me to write my major paper about it. Ever since the Thai government rejected the proposals for construction of the canal, the press has criticized that the actual reason why the government rejected the canal proposals was because of its fear of the irredentist movement with complete disregard of the enormous benefits of raising our balance of payments and standard of living. Nevertheless, there must be other important reasons. My opinions, which do not reflect those of the Thai government are based on problems of sources of capital, advantages and …

Coral Reef Islands And Their Problems, Peter C. Schroeder

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Small islands and in particular those more or less dependent on their reefs as a resource were often self-contained units, maintaining a fragile equilibrium in which even small changes could and have wrought fatal disturbances. The pressures of the modern world have endangered these vulnerable units economically, socially, and biologically. In all instances the "'population factor has played an important role. Coral reef islands appear to be more susceptible to the side effects of rapidly growing modernization than other types of islands. No clear answer or solution to this problem can be given but recognition of the threats to them …

The Emerging Regime Of Islands As Archipelagic States, Frank Gable

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This essay will discuss the significance of islands as archipelagos, i.e. any two or more islands identified politically as one entity. Within the body of this report will be references regarding the historical background to archipelagos and how they emerged into international topics of law. Further, the differences international law affords coastal archipelagos as opposed to outlying mid-ocean archipelagos will be interpreted. These differences include, for instance, the design of baselines used to enclose territorial waters. As the paper progresses, the reader will being to see how the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS (III) …

Discovery Of A Majid Host For The Commensal Amphipod Stenothoe Symbiotica Shoemaker, 1956, James Darwin Thomas, Kalani D. Cairns

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Seasonal And Spatial Heterogeneity In The Limnetic Zooplankton Community Of Lake Mead, Gene Robert Wilde

Publications (WR)

Zooplankton samples collected from throughout Lake Mead, in 1981-1982, demonstrate the presence of a statistically significant seasonal and spatial heterogeneity in zooplankton densities. Seasonally, the major zooplankton groups were most abundant in the spring and fall, coincident with maxima in chlorophyll-a concentrations. Successions among the various rotifers, cladocerans and copepods present in the reservoir were influenced by food availability, diapause, predation by planktivorous fish and, possibly, water temperatures. Spatial heterogeneity in zooplankton densities was unrelated to water temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen concentrations, but was related to the abundance of phytoplankton (chlorophyll-a concentrations) and fish. Statistical analyses indicate that …

A High-Resolution Bathymetry Map For The Marguerite Bay And Adjacent West Antarctic Peninsula Shelf For The Southern Ocean Globec Program, S. T. Bolmer, R. C. Beardsley, C. Pudsey, P. Morris, P. Wiebe, Eileen E. Hofmann, J. Anderson, A. Maldonado

OES Faculty Publications

One objective of the U.S. Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (SO GLOBEC) program is to gain a better understanding of the sea floor bathymetry in the program study area. Much of Marguerite Bay and the adjacent shelf west of the Antarctic Peninsula were poorly charted when the SO GLOBEC program started in 2000. Before the first SO GLOBEC cruise, an improved local area version (ETOPO8.2A) was created from the Smith and Sandwell (1997) topo_8.2.img 2-minute digital gridded bathymetry for the study area. The first SO GLOBEC mooring cruise on the R/V Lawrence M. Gould (March 2001) showed that the …

Ixtoc I: Case Study Of A Major Oil Spill, Peter G. Myer

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The most disastrous oil spill the western hemisphere has ever witnessed occurred during the 10 months between June 1979 and March 1980, when the experimental well IXTOC I blew out off the coast of Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. The disaster's effects on South Texas virtually destroyed a year's earnings for the region's tourism industry and cut into the profits of many commercial fishermen. The activities at the well that caused the blowout and subsequent spill, the effects of the oil on Texas' Gulf Coast, and the legal attempts to recover against losses suffered as a result of the spill will be …

U. S. Arctic Oil: A Perspective, William T. Decamp

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The United States Arctic, for the purposes of this study, encompasses the seabed and subsoil under the resource jurisdiction of the United States, including the Bering Sea offshore, and the Hope Basin, Chukchi (Barrow Arch) and Beaufort (Diapir Field) Seas, and land territory north of the Brooks Range onshore. Although U.S. credibility with its Arctic allies would be enhanced by its becoming a party to the Law of the Sea Convention, this remote possibility is not a prerequisite for a successful U.S. Arctic Policy. It is more important that U.S. policy goals are perceived among its Arctic allies as being …

Fundy Tidal Power Development : Preliminary Evaluation Of Its Environmental Consequences To The Resources Of The State Of Maine, Bigelow Laboratory For Ocean Sciences

Maine Collection

Fundy Tidal Power Development : Preliminary Evaluation of Its Environmental Consequences to the Resources of the State of Maine

A Report to the Maine State Planning Office by the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, April, 1984.

"Technical Report No. 35 - Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine - A Division of Northeastern Research Foundation, Inc."

Contents: Executive Summary / Introduction / Methods / Physical and Biological Consequences / Socio-Economic Consequences / Research Needs / Bibliography / Appendix I. Written Comments on Greenberg Model

Determinants For The Timing Of Escapement From The Sockeye Salmon Fishery Of The Copper River, Alaska: A Simulation Model, Howard A. Schaller

OES Theses and Dissertations

A model to estimate determinants for migratory timing of catch and escapement in a terminal salmon fishery is presented. A method was developed to estimate average seasonal migration rates of salmon through a harvest area from catch and escapement data. The time series for the total population of Copper River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was reconstructed in the reference frame of the commercial harvest area from catch and escapement data.

The catchability coefficients (q), derived from the reconstructed populations were found to vary within season and between seasons. The relation between q and effort was attributed to a …

An Intraseason Forecasting System For Commercial Marine Fisheries, Erik J. Barth

OES Theses and Dissertations

The reliability of an intraseason yield estimation technique which is commonly used by Pacific salmon harvest managers is evaluated for applicability to a variety of commercial finfish and crustacean fisheries. The estimation technique is known as the average timing or the average performance model. The method is not easily related to standard statistical models, but does show some similarity to both a single parameter linear regression model and the ratio estimator of sampling theory. A comparison of these models, a two parameter linear model, and a regression estimator is made to determine if the precision of forecasts of performance can …

An Examination Of The Variability Of Migratory Timing Statistics Estimated From Catch And Effort Observations, Arthur J. Butt

OES Theses and Dissertations

The estimate of the mean arrival time based on catch or CPUE of fishes migrating into a fixed harvest area is a function of the number of days fished. Simulation studies using chinook salmon catch and effort data from the Yukon River delta, Alaska indicate that fishing effort concentrated at the tails of the migratory distribution which would tend to erroneously weigh the estimated mean arrival time in the direction of the sample, away from the true mean, is only a significant problem when the number of days open to fishing is small, covering less than 12% of the total …

Analysis Of Central Equatorial Pacific Water Masses By Method Of Principal Components, Ross Tuxhorn

OES Theses and Dissertations

The distribution of Antarctic Intermediate Water at the extent of dispersion in the equatorial Pacific Ocean was investigated by means of multivariate analysis. Interrelationships among the upper intermediate water masses at this location are proposed.

Oceanographic data contained in seven cruise legs measured during the 1979-80 Hawaii to Tahiti Shuttle Experiment formed the basis of this study. Six parameters -- temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, silicate and nitrate -- were used in the method of principal component analysis to classify water masses between the sea surface and 1000m. The derived water masses were compatible with previously described oceanographic features of …

Timing Of The Blue Crab Fisheries Of Virginia And Its Application To Harvest Management, J. Dale Shively

OES Theses and Dissertations

The timing of a fishery is a quantitative expression of the composite behaviors of harvesters, markets, animals and climatic events. A quantitative description of the timing of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) fisheries of Virginia was established using the time density model of Mundy (1979). Blue crab catch statistics supplied by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Virginia Marine Resource Commission were divided into two fisheries based on gear type; the summer and winter fisheries. Average performance curves were then constructed using average cumulative proportions of catch. Annual yield estimates were also made and timing in five …

A Method For Determining Creosote Contamination Of Sediment From The Elizabeth River, Norfolk, Va, Elizabeth G. Merrill

OES Theses and Dissertations

Hydrocarbon input sources to the Elizabeth River were investigated. Carbonized coal products (creosote, coal tar, and roof tar), petroleum products (Kuwait Crude Oil, No. 2 Fuel Oil, and a fuel oil spill sample) and soot (woodstove and diesel engine) have unique hydrocarbon distributions. Elizabeth River sediment hydrocarbon distributions indicate that they are contaminated with both carbonized coal and petroleum products. Using a simple two member mixing model, greater than 65 percent of Elizabeth River sediments' resolved aromatic compounds were determined to originate from carbonized coal products. These aromatic hydrocarbons include the EPA priority pollutant polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons which are known …

Phytoplankton Ecology And Dynamics In The James River Estuary Virginia, U. S. A., Margaret J. Filardo

OES Theses and Dissertations

Autotrophic biomass and productivity as well as nutrient distributions and phytoplankton cell populations in the James River estuary, Virginia, from Newport News Shipyard to the 0 o/oo isohaline, were sampled on a monthly basis from August of 1981 to December of 1982. Particular emphasis was placed on the very low salinity region (defined as the location where surface salinity measured between 0.0 and 0.75 o/oo based on conductivity) in order to determine the fate of fresh water phytoplankters upon being advected into the estuary because of their suspected role in the biogeochemical cycling that occurs there.

Both chlorophyll a and …

A Description And Analysis Of The Timing Of Virginia's Weakfish Fishery, Bruce William Hill

OES Theses and Dissertations

The seasonality of Virginia's weakfish fishery is quantitatively defined by providing a mean time of catch and variance of catch for the years 1960 - 1981. On the average. the central half of the population is available for harvest from mid-May through September in all of Virginia's waters and the mean date of harvest is July 20th • The 22 year average variance of catch for Virginia's waters is 3.97. In Virginia's Chesapeake Bay tributaries the mean date of harvest is July 17th and the 22 year average variance of catch is 2.50. There is evidence for an inverse relationship …

Laser-Photoacoustic Detection Of Water Pollutants, Gregory J. Salamo, Richard J. Anderson

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

We have investigated the potential of amplitude-modulation laser-photoacoustic scheme for the detection of trace pollutants in water. The technique has been found to be non-disturbing and easy-to-apply. In particular, the technique could be used to detect pollutants with a concentration corresponding to an absorption coefficient of 10-6cm-1. The sensitivity was found to be limited by a background signal resulting from light absorption by water. In addition to the amplitude-modulation scheme we also investigated the potential of a wavelength modulation scheme. Although this approach did reduce the background signal due to water absorption, we found the technique to be much more …

Ua66/8/2 Growing Season In Kentucky 1951-1980, Wku Climate Center, Glen Conner, Mark Simpson

WKU Administration Documents

Kentucky Climate Center report number 26 Growing Season in Kentucky 1951-1980.

Dietary Maintenance Of Bioluminescence In A Deep-Sea Mysid, Tamara M. Frank, Edith A. Widder, Michael I. Latz, James F. Case

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Skeletal Extension, Density And Calcification Of The Reef Coral, Montastrea Annularis: St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, Richard E. Dodge, Garrett W. Brass

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Parameters of the annual and subannual skeletal growth of 61 Montastrea annularis corals, collected at a variety of shallow depth sites on reefs of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, are determined by X-radiography and scanning densitometry for each year in the 10-year period, 1970–1979. Extension (linear growth) of the coral skeleton is correlated negatively with bulk density (mass per unit volume) and positively with calcification (mass addition). Density and mass are slightly positively correlated. No one parameter, however, is a perfect predictor of another. At least two parameters, from which the third can be calculated, are required for complete description …

Las Vegas Wash Multispectral Scanner Survey, T. H. Mace, M. V. Olsen, Environmental Protection Agency

Publications (WR)

At the request of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory at Las Vegas collected multispectral scanner imagery of Las Vegas Wash on October 1, 1982. A combined maximum likelihood classification and editing procedure was used to classify the multispectral scanner imagery into 12 categories of land cover. The classification identified four categories of marsh vegetation, one category of riparian, two categories of mixed scrub, and two desert categories. Turbid water and cultivated land formed an "other" category. Area tabulations were formed by georeferencing the classification to the Universal Transverse …

Fishery Harbor Development: A Case Study Of A Connecticut Coastal Community, Stonington, Connecticut, James L. Wallace

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study was undertaken to investigate the problems and procedures encountered in the development of fishery harbors in Connecticut. Harbor facilities along the coast are in great disrepair or have been completely eliminated to allow for more profitable coastal uses. In addition, conflict between recreational and commercial fishermen for existing space has created a shortage of commercial harbor facilities. Because of this need, state and local officials have begun to investigate viable harbor development alternatives for Connecticut.

By-Catch: Over The Side Discards, An Assessment And An Alternative, Alan R. Bunn

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The incidental capture and resultant mortality of numerous fin-fish and other species of marine organisms by non-selective types of fishing gear constitute a major waste of the various fishery resources. The magnitude of the discarded by-catch and its effects upon the major fisheries is examined. Specific gear types contributing to the problem will be identified. The Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery of the U.S., which annually catches over a billion pounds of unwanted fin-fish or “trash-fish” will be examined and an evaluation of the continuing development of selective shrimp trawling gear specifically designed to reduce the incidental capture of sea …

The National And International Legal Complications Of Subseabed Emplacement Of High-Level Nuclear Waste, Lynn Carlson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

High-level radioactive waste produced by nuclear power generation, weapons production, and medical research has been accumulating in temporary storage pools in many countries. A permanent method of disposal will soon benecessary to ensure against contamination of man and the environment. Land-based geologic formations, such as salt domes, are the preferred sites for disposal at this time in the United States. Subseabed emplacement is one option under consideration and the technological aspects of this method are currently being studied. In order to resolve these issues, it is proposed that relevant laws be conditionally amended to legalize subseabed emplacement, but only after …

The Maritime Boundaries Of Venezuela, Jose L. Cedeno

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Venezuela has maritime boundaries with the following neighbors: two adjacent coastal states, Colombia and Guyana, and six opposite coastal states Trinidad-Tobago, Grenada, San Vincent and the Grenadinas, Sain Lucia, Dominica and Dominican Republic, one United States commonwealth associates states (Puerto Rico) and with dependent islands of the United States (Virign Islands), United Kingdom (Nevis, St. Christopher and Montserrat), France (Guadeloupe and Martinique) and Netherland (Curacao, Aruba, Bonaire, Saba and St. Eustatius).

The paper discuss at length three recent Venezuelan agreements: a fishing agreement with Trinidad and Tobago (1977), plus two Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) delineation treaties concluded almost simultaneously in …

The Effects Of Regulation On Aquaculture Development, Derek S. Busby

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

A comparative study of the regulatory frameworks surrounding aquaculture in the states of Florida, Mississippi, and Rhode Island is conducted beginning with a generalized study of basic legal premises of aquaculture-related law common to each state. This is followed by a detailed study of the statutory authority for aquaculture regulation and the agencies which control aquaculture activities in each state. In conjunction with the law analysis an Index of Specialization (ISP) study is conducted for each state to determine a relative ranking of diversity of crop production relative to each state’s overall aquaculture production.